feat(outputs.influxdb_v2): Add rate limit implementation

[srebhan]

Summary

This PR adds the basic infrastructure to add rate-limiting to output plugins. As an example it converts the InfluxDBv2 plugin to the new infrastructure.

Checklist

• No AI generated code was used in this PR

Related issues

resolves #tbd

[powersj]

@srebhan - this is a great piece of work. Clearly this needs to be broken up into a variety of PRs to make reviewing easier, however, it accomplishes the goal nicely. I love that you were able to make the size + period config option work.

From the performance side, this nicely appears to have no affect on other existing use cases or if it no set.

I would have you consider working with support to have someone there test this out as well.

[srebhan]

Thanks @powersj for your review. I'll adapt the spec then to reflect the possibility to set byte-based rate limits. I'll also break down the PR as it includes at least

• rework InfluxDBv2 plugin
• cleanup InfluxDBv2 plugin tests
• spec for partial write errors (being able for an output plugin to selectively drop metrics from a batch)
• implementation of partial write errors
• spec for the rate limiting feature
• implement a rate limiter
• adapt InfluxDBv2 to use the ratelimiter

Thanks again for the review!