@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+@article{Callaway2021,
+  author    = {Callaway, Brantly and Sant'Anna, Pedro H. C.},
+  title     = {Difference-in-Differences with Multiple Time Periods},
+  journal   = {Journal of Econometrics},
+  volume    = {225},
+  number    = {2},
+  pages     = {200--230},
+  year      = {2021},
+  doi       = {10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.12.001}
+}
+
+@article{Sun2021,
+  author    = {Sun, Liyang and Abraham, Sarah},
+  title     = {Estimating Dynamic Treatment Effects in Event Studies with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects},
+  journal   = {Journal of Econometrics},
+  volume    = {225},
+  number    = {2},
+  pages     = {175--199},
+  year      = {2021},
+  doi       = {10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.09.006}
+}
+
+@article{Borusyak2024,
+  author    = {Borusyak, Kirill and Jaravel, Xavier and Spiess, Jann},
+  title     = {Revisiting Event-Study Designs: Robust and Efficient Estimation},
+  journal   = {Review of Economic Studies},
+  volume    = {91},
+  number    = {6},
+  pages     = {3253--3285},
+  year      = {2024},
+  doi       = {10.1093/restud/rdae007}
+}
+
+@misc{Gardner2022,
+  author    = {Gardner, John},
+  title     = {Two-Stage Differences in Differences},
+  year      = {2022},
+  eprint    = {2207.05943},
+  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
+  primaryclass  = {econ.EM}
+}
+
+@article{Arkhangelsky2021,
+  author    = {Arkhangelsky, Dmitry and Athey, Susan and Hirshberg, David A. and Imbens, Guido W. and Wager, Stefan},
+  title     = {Synthetic Difference-in-Differences},
+  journal   = {American Economic Review},
+  volume    = {111},
+  number    = {12},
+  pages     = {4088--4118},
+  year      = {2021},
+  doi       = {10.1257/aer.20190159}
+}
+
+@article{Rambachan2023,
+  author    = {Rambachan, Ashesh and Roth, Jonathan},
+  title     = {A More Credible Approach to Parallel Trends},
+  journal   = {Review of Economic Studies},
+  volume    = {90},
+  number    = {5},
+  pages     = {2555--2591},
+  year      = {2023},
+  doi       = {10.1093/restud/rdad018}
+}
+
+@article{Roth2022,
+  author    = {Roth, Jonathan},
+  title     = {Pretest with Caution: Event-Study Estimates after Testing for Parallel Trends},
+  journal   = {American Economic Review: Insights},
+  volume    = {4},
+  number    = {3},
+  pages     = {305--322},
+  year      = {2022},
+  doi       = {10.1257/aeri.20210236}
+}
+
+@article{GoodmanBacon2021,
+  author    = {Goodman-Bacon, Andrew},
+  title     = {Difference-in-Differences with Variation in Treatment Timing},
+  journal   = {Journal of Econometrics},
+  volume    = {225},
+  number    = {2},
+  pages     = {254--277},
+  year      = {2021},
+  doi       = {10.1016/j.jeconom.2021.03.014}
+}
+
+@article{deChaisemartin2020,
+  author    = {{de Chaisemartin}, Cl\'{e}ment and D'Haultf{\oe}uille, Xavier},
+  title     = {Two-Way Fixed Effects Estimators with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects},
+  journal   = {American Economic Review},
+  volume    = {110},
+  number    = {9},
+  pages     = {2964--2996},
+  year      = {2020},
+  doi       = {10.1257/aer.20181169}
+}
+
+@article{Wooldridge2023,
+  author    = {Wooldridge, Jeffrey M.},
+  title     = {Simple Approaches to Nonlinear Difference-in-Differences with Panel Data},
+  journal   = {The Econometrics Journal},
+  volume    = {26},
+  number    = {3},
+  pages     = {C31--C66},
+  year      = {2023},
+  doi       = {10.1093/ectj/utad016}
+}
+
+@techreport{Wing2024,
+  author    = {Wing, Coady and Freedman, Seth M. and Hollingsworth, Alex},
+  title     = {Stacked Difference-in-Differences},
+  institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
+  type      = {Working Paper},
+  number    = {32054},
+  year      = {2024},
+  url       = {https://www.nber.org/papers/w32054}
+}
+
+@techreport{Callaway2024,
+  author    = {Callaway, Brantly and Goodman-Bacon, Andrew and Sant'Anna, Pedro H. C.},
+  title     = {Difference-in-Differences with a Continuous Treatment},
+  institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
+  type      = {Working Paper},
+  number    = {32117},
+  year      = {2024}
+}
+
+@misc{Chen2025,
+  author    = {Chen, Xun and Sant'Anna, Pedro H. C. and Xie, Haitian},
+  title     = {Efficient Difference-in-Differences and Event Study Estimators},
+  year      = {2025},
+  note      = {Working paper}
+}
+
+@misc{Athey2025,
+  author    = {Athey, Susan and Imbens, Guido W. and Qu, Zhaonan and Viviano, Davide},
+  title     = {Triply Robust Panel Estimators},
+  year      = {2025},
+  eprint    = {2508.21536},
+  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
+  primaryclass  = {econ.EM}
+}
+
+@misc{OrtizVillavicencio2025,
+  author    = {Ortiz-Villavicencio, Marco and Sant'Anna, Pedro H. C.},
+  title     = {Better Understanding Triple Differences Estimators},
+  year      = {2025},
+  eprint    = {2505.09942},
+  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
+  primaryclass  = {econ.EM}
+}
+
+@article{Roth2023,
+  author    = {Roth, Jonathan and Sant'Anna, Pedro H. C. and Bilinski, Alyssa and Poe, John},
+  title     = {What's Trending in Difference-in-Differences? {A} Synthesis of the Recent Econometrics Literature},
+  journal   = {Journal of Econometrics},
+  volume    = {235},
+  number    = {2},
+  pages     = {2218--2244},
+  year      = {2023},
+  doi       = {10.1016/j.jeconom.2023.03.008}
+}
+
+@misc{Baker2025,
+  author    = {Baker, Andrew C. and Larcker, David F. and McClure, Charles G. and Saraph, Durgesh and Watts, Edward M.},
+  title     = {Difference-in-Differences Designs: A Practitioner's Guide},
+  year      = {2025},
+  eprint    = {2503.13323},
+  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
+  primaryclass  = {econ.EM}
+}
+
+@article{Lumley2004,
+  author    = {Lumley, Thomas},
+  title     = {Analysis of Complex Survey Samples},
+  journal   = {Journal of Statistical Software},
+  volume    = {9},
+  number    = {8},
+  pages     = {1--19},
+  year      = {2004},
+  doi       = {10.18637/jss.v009.i08}
+}
+
+@manual{Berge2018,
+  author    = {Berg\'{e}, Laurent},
+  title     = {fixest: Fast Fixed-Effects Estimations},
+  year      = {2018},
+  note      = {R package},
+  url       = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=fixest}
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+---
+title: "diff-diff: Comprehensive Difference-in-Differences Causal Inference for Python"
+tags:
+  - difference-in-differences
+  - causal-inference
+  - econometrics
+  - Python
+  - treatment-effects
+  - survey-data
+authors:
+  - name: Isaac Gerber
+    orcid: 0009-0009-3275-5591
+    affiliation: 1
+affiliations:
+  - name: Independent Researcher
+    index: 1
+date: 12 April 2026
+bibliography: paper.bib
+---
+
+# Summary
+
+`diff-diff` is a Python library for Difference-in-Differences (DiD) causal inference
+analysis. It provides 16 estimators covering the full modern DiD toolkit - from classic
+two-group/two-period designs through heterogeneity-robust staggered adoption methods,
+synthetic control hybrids, and sensitivity analysis - under a consistent scikit-learn-style
+API. All estimators accept an optional `SurveyDesign` object for design-based variance
+estimation with complex survey data, a capability absent from existing DiD software in any
+language. Point estimates and standard errors are validated against established R packages
+to machine precision.
+
+# Statement of Need
+
+Difference-in-differences is the most widely used quasi-experimental research design in
+applied economics and the social sciences. Since 2018, a wave of methodological advances
+has addressed fundamental limitations of the conventional two-way fixed effects (TWFE)
+estimator under staggered treatment adoption and heterogeneous effects [@Roth2023]. These
+modern methods - including Callaway and Sant'Anna [-@Callaway2021], Sun and Abraham
+[-@Sun2021], Borusyak, Jaravel, and Spiess [-@Borusyak2024], and others - are now standard
+practice in applied work.
+
+The R ecosystem provides mature implementations across several packages: `did`
+[@Callaway2021], `fixest` [@Berge2018], `synthdid` [@Arkhangelsky2021], and `HonestDiD`
+[@Rambachan2023]. Stata offers `csdid` and `didregress`. Python, however, lacks a unified
+DiD library. Practitioners working in Python-based data science workflows - increasingly
+common in industry settings for marketing measurement, product experimentation, and policy
+evaluation - must either context-switch to R, reimplement methods from scratch, or rely on
+partial implementations scattered across unrelated packages.
+
+`diff-diff` fills this gap by providing a single-import library that covers 16 estimators
+with a consistent API, survey-weighted inference, and numerical validation against R to
+machine precision. It targets both applied researchers who need rigorous econometric methods
+and data science practitioners who need accessible causal inference tools integrated into
+Python workflows.
+
+# Key Features
+
+**Breadth of methods.** `diff-diff` implements 16 estimators organized across the modern
+DiD taxonomy: classic DiD and TWFE; heterogeneity-robust staggered estimators including
+Callaway-Sant'Anna [@Callaway2021], Sun-Abraham [@Sun2021], imputation
+[@Borusyak2024], two-stage [@Gardner2022], stacked [@Wing2024], and efficient
+[@Chen2025] approaches; extended designs including synthetic DiD [@Arkhangelsky2021],
+triple difference [@OrtizVillavicencio2025], continuous treatment [@Callaway2024],
+nonlinear ETWFE [@Wooldridge2023], and triply robust panel estimation [@Athey2025];
+reversible-treatment DiD for non-absorbing interventions [@deChaisemartin2020]; and
+diagnostics including Goodman-Bacon decomposition [@GoodmanBacon2021], Honest DiD
+sensitivity analysis [@Rambachan2023], and pre-trends power analysis [@Roth2022]. All
+estimators share a consistent `fit()` interface with `get_params()`/`set_params()` for
+configuration, R-style formula support, and rich results objects with `summary()` output.
+An optional Rust backend via PyO3 accelerates compute-intensive operations.
+
+**Survey-weighted inference.** A `SurveyDesign` class supports stratification, primary
+sampling units, finite population corrections, and probability weights. Variance estimation
+includes Taylor series linearization, five replicate weight methods (BRR, Fay's BRR, JK1,
+JKn, SDR), and survey-aware bootstrap. Survey variance is validated against R's `survey`
+package [@Lumley2004] on three federal datasets (NHANES, RECS, API) to machine precision
+(differences < 1e-10). No other DiD package in any language provides integrated survey
+support.
+
+**Validation against R.** Point estimates match the R `did`, `synthdid`, and `fixest`
+packages to machine precision (differences < 1e-10). Standard errors match exactly for
+core estimators including Callaway-Sant'Anna and basic DiD. Validation includes the
+canonical MPDTA minimum-wage dataset from Callaway and Sant'Anna [-@Callaway2021].
+
+**Practitioner tooling.** Beyond estimation, `diff-diff` includes a practitioner decision
+tree for estimator selection, an 8-step diagnostic workflow based on Baker et al.
+[-@Baker2025], AI agent integration with structured next-steps guidance, and microdata
+aggregation utilities for converting individual-level survey responses into
+geographic-period panels suitable for DiD analysis.
+
+# Acknowledgments
+
+Wenli Xu (Faculty of Finance, City University of Macau) implemented the WooldridgeDiD
+(ETWFE) estimator, including saturated OLS, logit, and Poisson QMLE paths with ASF-based
+ATT and delta-method standard errors. Development was assisted by Claude Code (Anthropic).
+
+# References