[video processors] decode only sampled videos -> less RAM and faster processing (#39600)

* draft update two models for now

* batch update all VLMs first

* update some more image processors

* update

* fix a few tests

* just make CI green for now

* fix copies

* update once more

* update

* unskip the test

* fix these two

* fix torchcodec audio loading

* maybe

* yay, i fixed torchcodec installation and now can actually test it

* fix copies deepseek

* make sure the metadata is returrned when users request it

* add docs

* update

* fixup

* Update src/transformers/audio_utils.py

Co-authored-by: Pavel Iakubovskii <qubvel@gmail.com>

* Update src/transformers/models/glm4v/video_processing_glm4v.py

Co-authored-by: Pavel Iakubovskii <qubvel@gmail.com>

* update

* what if we set some metadata attr to `None`

* fix CI

* fix one test

* fix 4 channel test

* fix glm timestemps

* rebase gone wrong

* raise warning once

* fixup

* typo

* fix copies

* ifx smolvlm test

* this is why torch's official benchmark was faster, set threads to `0`

* Apply style fixes

---------

Co-authored-by: Pavel Iakubovskii <qubvel@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: 3 people

docs/source/en/main_classes/image_processor.md

@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@ rendered properly in your Markdown viewer.
 
 # Image Processor
 
-An image processor is in charge of preparing input features for vision models and post processing their outputs. This includes transformations such as resizing, normalization, and conversion to Numpy and PyTorch tensors. It may also include model specific post-processing such as converting logits to segmentation masks.
-
+An image processor is in charge of loading images (optionally), preparing input features for vision models and post processing their outputs. This includes transformations such as resizing, normalization, and conversion to PyTorch and Numpy tensors. It may also include model specific post-processing such as converting logits to segmentation masks.
 Fast image processors are available for a few models and more will be added in the future. They are based on the [torchvision](https://pytorch.org/vision/stable/index.html) library and provide a significant speed-up, especially when processing on GPU.
 They have the same API as the base image processors and can be used as drop-in replacements.
 To use a fast image processor, you need to install the `torchvision` library, and set the `use_fast` argument to `True` when instantiating the image processor:

docs/source/en/main_classes/video_processor.md

@@ -14,10 +14,9 @@ rendered properly in your Markdown viewer.
 
 -->
 
-
 # Video Processor
 
-A **Video Processor** is a utility responsible for preparing input features for video models, as well as handling the post-processing of their outputs. It provides transformations such as resizing, normalization, and conversion into PyTorch. 
+A **Video Processor** is a utility responsible for preparing input features for video models, as well as handling the post-processing of their outputs. It provides transformations such as resizing, normalization, and conversion into PyTorch. Along ith transformations the `VideoProcessor` class handles video decoding from local paths or URLs (requires [`torchcodec`](https://pypi.org/project/torchcodec/)) and frame sampling according to model-specific strategies.
 
 The video processor extends the functionality of image processors by allowing Vision Large Language Models (VLMs) to handle videos with a distinct set of arguments compared to images. It serves as the bridge between raw video data and the model, ensuring that input features are optimized for the VLM.
 
@@ -48,6 +47,47 @@ processor = torch.compile(processor)
 processed_video = processor(video, return_tensors="pt")
 ```
 
+#### Sampling behavior
+
+The video processor can also sample video frames using the technique best suited for the given model. Sampling behavior is controlled with the `do_sample_frames` argument and can be configured through model-specific parameters such as `num_frames` or `fps` (the rate at which the video will be sampled). If the input video is given as a local path or URL (`str`), the processor will decode it automatically. To obtain metadata about the decoded video, such as sampled frame indices, original dimensions, duration, and fps, pass `return_metadata=True` to the processor.
+
+<Tip warning={false}>
+
+- Specifying `num_frames` does not guarantee the output will contain exactly that number of frames. Depending on the model, the sampler may enforce minimum or maximum frame limits.
+
+- The default decoder is [`torchcodec`](https://pypi.org/project/torchcodec/), which must be installed.
+
+</Tip>
+
+
+```python
+from transformers import AutoVideoProcessor
+
+processor = AutoVideoProcessor.from_pretrained("llava-hf/llava-onevision-qwen2-0.5b-ov-hf", device="cuda")
+processed_video_inputs = processor(videos=["video_path.mp4"], return_metadata=True, do_sample_frames=True, return_tensors="pt")
+video_metadata = processed_video_inputs["video_metadata"]
+
+# See how many frames the original video had and what was the original FPS
+print(video_metadata.total_num_frames, video_metadata.fps)
+```
+
+If you pass an already decoded video array but still want to enable model-specific frame sampling, it is strongly recommended to provide video_metadata. This allows the sampler to know the original video’s duration and FPS. You can pass metadata as a `VideoMetadata` object or as a plain dict.
+
+```python
+from transformers import AutoVideoProcessor
+from transformers.video_utils import VideoMetadata
+
+processor = AutoVideoProcessor.from_pretrained("llava-hf/llava-onevision-qwen2-0.5b-ov-hf", device="cuda")
+my_decodec_video = torch.randint(0, 255, size=(100, 3, 1280, 1280)) # short video of 100 frames
+video_metadata = VideoMetadata(
+    total_num_frames=100,
+    fps=24,
+    duration=4.1, # in seconds
+)
+processed_video_inputs = processor(videos=["video_path.mp4"], video_metadata=video_metadata, do_sample_frames=True, num_frames=10, return_tensors="pt")
+print(processed_video_inputs.pixel_values_videos.shape)
+>>> [10, 3, 384, 384]
+```
 
 ## BaseVideoProcessor
 

src/transformers/audio_utils.py

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 import os
 import warnings
 from io import BytesIO
-from typing import Any, Optional, Union
+from typing import Any, Optional, Sequence, Union
 
 import numpy as np
 import requests
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
     is_numpy_array,
     is_soundfile_available,
     is_torch_tensor,
+    is_torchcodec_available,
     requires_backends,
 )
 
@@ -44,6 +45,12 @@
     # TODO: @eustlb, we actually don't need librosa but soxr is installed with librosa
     import soxr
 
+if is_torchcodec_available():
+    from torchcodec.decoders import AudioDecoder
+
+
+AudioInput = Union[np.ndarray, "torch.Tensor", Sequence[np.ndarray], Sequence["torch.Tensor"]]  # noqa: F821
+
 
 def load_audio(audio: Union[str, np.ndarray], sampling_rate=16000, timeout=None) -> np.ndarray:
     """
@@ -61,14 +68,14 @@ def load_audio(audio: Union[str, np.ndarray], sampling_rate=16000, timeout=None)
     Returns:
         `np.ndarray`: A numpy array representing the audio.
     """
-    requires_backends(load_audio, ["librosa"])
-
     if isinstance(audio, str):
-        # Load audio from URL (e.g https://qianwen-res.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Qwen2-Audio/audio/translate_to_chinese.wav)
-        if audio.startswith("http://") or audio.startswith("https://"):
-            audio = librosa.load(BytesIO(requests.get(audio, timeout=timeout).content), sr=sampling_rate)[0]
-        elif os.path.isfile(audio):
-            audio = librosa.load(audio, sr=sampling_rate)[0]
+        # Try to load with `torchcodec` but do not enforce users to install it. If not found
+        # fallback to `librosa`. If using an audio-only model, most probably `torchcodec` won't be
+        # needed.
+        if is_torchcodec_available():
+            audio = load_audio_torchcodec(audio, sampling_rate=sampling_rate)
+        else:
+            audio = load_audio_librosa(audio, sampling_rate=sampling_rate, timeout=timeout)
     elif isinstance(audio, np.ndarray):
         audio = audio
     else:
@@ -78,6 +85,54 @@ def load_audio(audio: Union[str, np.ndarray], sampling_rate=16000, timeout=None)
     return audio
 
 
+def load_audio_torchcodec(audio: Union[str, np.ndarray], sampling_rate=16000) -> np.ndarray:
+    """
+    Loads `audio` to an np.ndarray object using `torchcodec`.
+
+    Args:
+        audio (`str` or `np.ndarray`):
+            The audio to be loaded to the numpy array format.
+        sampling_rate (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 16000):
+            The sampling rate to be used when loading the audio. It should be same as the
+            sampling rate the model you will be using further was trained with.
+
+    Returns:
+        `np.ndarray`: A numpy array representing the audio.
+    """
+    requires_backends(load_audio, ["torchcodec"])
+
+    # Set `num_channels` to `1` which is what most models expects and the default in librosa
+    decoder = AudioDecoder(audio, sample_rate=sampling_rate, num_channels=1)
+    audio = decoder.get_all_samples().data[0].numpy()  # NOTE: feature extractors don't accept torch tensors
+    return audio
+
+
+def load_audio_librosa(audio: Union[str, np.ndarray], sampling_rate=16000, timeout=None) -> np.ndarray:
+    """
+    Loads `audio` to an np.ndarray object using `librosa`.
+
+    Args:
+        audio (`str` or `np.ndarray`):
+            The audio to be loaded to the numpy array format.
+        sampling_rate (`int`, *optional*, defaults to 16000):
+            The sampling rate to be used when loading the audio. It should be same as the
+            sampling rate the model you will be using further was trained with.
+        timeout (`float`, *optional*):
+            The timeout value in seconds for the URL request.
+
+    Returns:
+        `np.ndarray`: A numpy array representing the audio.
+    """
+    requires_backends(load_audio, ["librosa"])
+
+    # Load audio from URL (e.g https://qianwen-res.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/Qwen2-Audio/audio/translate_to_chinese.wav)
+    if audio.startswith("http://") or audio.startswith("https://"):
+        audio = librosa.load(BytesIO(requests.get(audio, timeout=timeout).content), sr=sampling_rate)[0]
+    elif os.path.isfile(audio):
+        audio = librosa.load(audio, sr=sampling_rate)[0]
+    return audio
+
+
 def load_audio_as(
     audio: str,
     return_format: str,
@@ -157,11 +212,6 @@ def load_audio_as(
         raise ValueError(f"Error loading audio: {e}")
 
 
-AudioInput = Union[
-    np.ndarray, "torch.Tensor", list[np.ndarray], tuple[np.ndarray], list["torch.Tensor"], tuple["torch.Tensor"]  # noqa: F821
-]
-
-
 def is_valid_audio(audio):
     return is_numpy_array(audio) or is_torch_tensor(audio)
 

src/transformers/image_processing_base.py

@@ -17,14 +17,13 @@
 import json
 import os
 import warnings
-from io import BytesIO
 from typing import Any, Optional, TypeVar, Union
 
 import numpy as np
-import requests
 
 from .dynamic_module_utils import custom_object_save
 from .feature_extraction_utils import BatchFeature as BaseBatchFeature
+from .image_utils import is_valid_image, load_image
 from .utils import (
     IMAGE_PROCESSOR_NAME,
     PushToHubMixin,
@@ -33,15 +32,10 @@
     download_url,
     is_offline_mode,
     is_remote_url,
-    is_vision_available,
     logging,
 )
 
 
-if is_vision_available():
-    from PIL import Image
-
-
 ImageProcessorType = TypeVar("ImageProcessorType", bound="ImageProcessingMixin")
 
 
@@ -514,25 +508,19 @@ def register_for_auto_class(cls, auto_class="AutoImageProcessor"):
 
         cls._auto_class = auto_class
 
-    def fetch_images(self, image_url_or_urls: Union[str, list[str]]):
+    def fetch_images(self, image_url_or_urls: Union[str, list[str], list[list[str]]]):
         """
         Convert a single or a list of urls into the corresponding `PIL.Image` objects.
 
         If a single url is passed, the return value will be a single object. If a list is passed a list of objects is
         returned.
         """
-        headers = {
-            "User-Agent": (
-                "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0"
-                " Safari/537.36"
-            )
-        }
         if isinstance(image_url_or_urls, list):
             return [self.fetch_images(x) for x in image_url_or_urls]
         elif isinstance(image_url_or_urls, str):
-            response = requests.get(image_url_or_urls, stream=True, headers=headers)
-            response.raise_for_status()
-            return Image.open(BytesIO(response.content))
+            return load_image(image_url_or_urls)
+        elif is_valid_image(image_url_or_urls):
+            return image_url_or_urls
         else:
             raise TypeError(f"only a single or a list of entries is supported but got type={type(image_url_or_urls)}")
 

src/transformers/image_processing_utils_fast.py

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def validate_fast_preprocess_arguments(
     crop_size: Optional[SizeDict] = None,
     do_resize: Optional[bool] = None,
     size: Optional[SizeDict] = None,
-    resample: Optional["PILImageResampling"] = None,
+    interpolation: Optional["F.InterpolationMode"] = None,
     return_tensors: Optional[Union[str, TensorType]] = None,
     data_format: Optional[ChannelDimension] = ChannelDimension.FIRST,
 ):
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def validate_fast_preprocess_arguments(
         crop_size=crop_size,
         do_resize=do_resize,
         size=size,
-        resample=resample,
+        interpolation=interpolation,
     )
     # Extra checks for ImageProcessorFast
     if return_tensors is not None and return_tensors != "pt":
@@ -469,6 +469,8 @@ def _prepare_images_structure(
         Returns:
             `ImageInput`: The images with a valid nesting.
         """
+        # Checks for `str` in case of URL/local path and optionally loads images
+        images = self.fetch_images(images)
         return make_flat_list_of_images(images, expected_ndims=expected_ndims)
 
     def _process_image(
@@ -582,11 +584,19 @@ def _further_process_kwargs(
 
         kwargs["size"] = size
         kwargs["crop_size"] = crop_size
-        kwargs["default_to_square"] = default_to_square
         kwargs["image_mean"] = image_mean
         kwargs["image_std"] = image_std
         kwargs["data_format"] = data_format
 
+        # torch resize uses interpolation instead of resample
+        # Check if resample is an int before checking if it's an instance of PILImageResampling
+        # because if pillow < 9.1.0, resample is an int and PILImageResampling is a module.
+        # Checking PILImageResampling will fail with error `TypeError: isinstance() arg 2 must be a type or tuple of types`.
+        resample = kwargs.pop("resample")
+        kwargs["interpolation"] = (
+            pil_torch_interpolation_mapping[resample] if isinstance(resample, (PILImageResampling, int)) else resample
+        )
+
         return kwargs
 
     def _validate_preprocess_kwargs(
@@ -600,7 +610,7 @@ def _validate_preprocess_kwargs(
         size: Optional[SizeDict] = None,
         do_center_crop: Optional[bool] = None,
         crop_size: Optional[SizeDict] = None,
-        resample: Optional[Union["PILImageResampling", "F.InterpolationMode"]] = None,
+        interpolation: Optional["F.InterpolationMode"] = None,
         return_tensors: Optional[Union[str, TensorType]] = None,
         data_format: Optional[ChannelDimension] = None,
         **kwargs,
@@ -618,7 +628,7 @@ def _validate_preprocess_kwargs(
             size=size,
             do_center_crop=do_center_crop,
             crop_size=crop_size,
-            resample=resample,
+            interpolation=interpolation,
             return_tensors=return_tensors,
             data_format=data_format,
         )
@@ -646,18 +656,7 @@ def preprocess(self, images: ImageInput, *args, **kwargs: Unpack[DefaultFastImag
         # Validate kwargs
         self._validate_preprocess_kwargs(**kwargs)
 
-        # torch resize uses interpolation instead of resample
-        resample = kwargs.pop("resample")
-
-        # Check if resample is an int before checking if it's an instance of PILImageResampling
-        # because if pillow < 9.1.0, resample is an int and PILImageResampling is a module.
-        # Checking PILImageResampling will fail with error `TypeError: isinstance() arg 2 must be a type or tuple of types`.
-        kwargs["interpolation"] = (
-            pil_torch_interpolation_mapping[resample] if isinstance(resample, (int, PILImageResampling)) else resample
-        )
-
         # Pop kwargs that are not needed in _preprocess
-        kwargs.pop("default_to_square")
         kwargs.pop("data_format")
 
         return self._preprocess_image_like_inputs(

src/transformers/image_utils.py

@@ -535,6 +535,7 @@ def validate_preprocess_arguments(
     do_resize: Optional[bool] = None,
     size: Optional[dict[str, int]] = None,
     resample: Optional["PILImageResampling"] = None,
+    interpolation: Optional["InterpolationMode"] = None,
 ):
     """
     Checks validity of typically used arguments in an `ImageProcessor` `preprocess` method.
@@ -559,8 +560,13 @@ def validate_preprocess_arguments(
     if do_center_crop and crop_size is None:
         raise ValueError("`crop_size` must be specified if `do_center_crop` is `True`.")
 
-    if do_resize and (size is None or resample is None):
-        raise ValueError("`size` and `resample` must be specified if `do_resize` is `True`.")
+    if interpolation is not None and resample is not None:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Only one of `interpolation` and `resample` should be specified, depending on image processor type."
+        )
+
+    if do_resize and not (size is not None and (resample is not None or interpolation is not None)):
+        raise ValueError("`size` and `resample/interpolation` must be specified if `do_resize` is `True`.")
 
 
 # In the future we can add a TF implementation here when we have TF models.

src/transformers/models/aria/image_processing_aria.py

@@ -228,6 +228,7 @@ def preprocess(
         if max_image_size not in [490, 980]:
             raise ValueError("max_image_size must be either 490 or 980")
 
+        images = self.fetch_images(images)
         images = make_flat_list_of_images(images)
 
         if not valid_images(images):

src/transformers/models/aria/modular_aria.py

@@ -614,6 +614,7 @@ def preprocess(
         if max_image_size not in [490, 980]:
             raise ValueError("max_image_size must be either 490 or 980")
 
+        images = self.fetch_images(images)
         images = make_flat_list_of_images(images)
 
         if not valid_images(images):

src/transformers/models/aya_vision/processing_aya_vision.py

@@ -189,6 +189,7 @@ def __call__(
         # Process images
         image_inputs = {}
         if images is not None:
+            images = self.image_processor.fetch_images(images)
             images = make_flat_list_of_images(images)
             image_inputs = self.image_processor(images=images, **output_kwargs["images_kwargs"])
             num_patches = image_inputs.pop("num_patches")

src/transformers/models/blip/image_processing_blip.py

@@ -231,6 +231,7 @@ def preprocess(
 
         size = size if size is not None else self.size
         size = get_size_dict(size, default_to_square=False)
+        images = self.fetch_images(images)
         images = make_flat_list_of_images(images)
 
         if not valid_images(images):