Q1. Which of the three methods will copy the directory named "photo dir" recursively from the user's home directory to /backups?
cp -R "~/photo dir" /backups #method1
cp -R ~"/photo dir" /backups #method2
cp -R ~/"photo dir" /backups #method3- None of the three methods will expand to the user's home directory. Only using
"$HOME/photo dir"will be successful. - Only method 1 will expand
"~/"to the user's home directory and then append the quoted directory name that includes a space. - Only method 2 will expand
"~/"to the user's home directory and then append the quoted directory name that includes a space. - Only method 3 will expand
"~/"to the user's home directory and then append the quoted directory name that includes a space.
$ ls -1
Beach photo1.jpg
Photo1.jpg
Photo2.jpg
Script.sh
$ cat script.sh
for i in $(ls *.jpg); do
mv $i ${i}.bak
done - ls: cannot access nonexistentfile: No such file or directory
- The for loop will split on word boundaries and Beach photo1.jpg has a space in it.
- The mv command will fail because the curly bracket is a special character in Bash and cannot be used in the names of files.
- Running script.sh will be successful as the ls command builds a list of files in the current directory and for loops through that list renaming files with a .bak extension.
- ( command )
- sh command
- { command }
- (( command ))
echo "1 2 3" | awk '{for (i=1; i<=NF; i++) s=s+$i};END {print s}'- 6
- 123
- 3
- 600
Q5. The command below will search the root filesystem for files named "finance.db". In this context, what information is being sent to /dev/null?
find / -name "finance.db" 1>results.txt 2>/dev/null- the names of files that do not match finance.db
- information sent to the standard error-for example, errors that the find command displays as it runs
- the names of files that match finance.db
- information sent to the standard output-that is, the path to files the find command has located
-
sed -i '/^$/d' textfile -
sed '/^$/d' textfile -
cat textfile | sed '/^$/d -
sed -i 's/^$//' textfile
awk -F: '/user1/{print $1 "-" $3 "-" $6}' /etc/passwd- It would show the username, UID, and home directory of user1 separated by colons.
- It would print the UID, GID, and home directory of user1 separated by hyphens.
- It would print the UID, comment, and home directory of user1 separated by hyphens.
- It would show the username, UID, and home directory of user1 separated by hyphens.
- It will cause Bash to exit if a function or subshell returns a nonzero status code.
- It will cause Bash to exit if a conditional returns a non-zero status code.
- It will cause Bash to exit if local, declare, or typeset assignments return a nonzero status code.
- It will cause Bash to exit if a command, list of commands, compound command, or potentially a pipeline returns a nonzero status code.
- get
- argument
- read
- input
I cannot reproduce this question, but at first sight I don't see correct answer, because no-one write to file.txt and content doesn't change
I suppose the correct script is mysql < file.sql > file.txt then the correct answer is fourth option.
mysql < file.sql < file.txt- a copy of the contents of file.sql
- an error indicating that this is invalid syntax
- the error output of the MySQL command
- the non-error output of the MySQL command
- When the command creates files, they will be owned by the group owner of the command.
- The SUID bit allows anyone to execute the command no matter what other permissions are set.
- When the command is executed, its running privileges elevate to the user owner of the command.
- When the command is executed, its running privileges elevate to the group owner of the command.
Q12. In order to extract text from the first column of file called textfile, which command would you use?
-
cat {$1,textfile} -
cat textfile | awk [print $1] -
cat textfile | awk '{print $1}' -
awk textfile {print $1}
(reverse-i-search)`':- Esc + R
- Ctrl + H
- Ctrl + R
- Alt + R
-
var=$( expr 10 / 8 ) -
(( var= 10 /8 )) -
var=$(( 10 / 8 )) -
var=$(echo 'scale=2; 10 / 8' | bc)
- 0, representing 'true', because the variable "txt" contains eight letters
- 0, representing 'true', because everybody loves penguins!
- 1, representing 'false', because the variable "txt" is longer than eight characters
- 1, representing 'false', because the variable "txt" does not contain eight lowercase letters between a and z
HAL>-
SHELL="HAL\>" -
SHELL="HAL>" -
export PS1="HAL>" -
PS1="HAL\>"
VAR="/var/www/html/website.com/html/"
echo "${VAR#*/html}"-
/website.com/html/ -
/html/website.com/html/ -
/var/www/html/website.com/ - Nothing will be echoed on the screen.
Q18. If prompted for text at the standard input, you can tell the command you're done entering text with what key combination?
- Ctrl + A (Windows) or Command + A (Mac)
- Ctrl + E (Windows) or Command + E (Mac)
- Ctrl + D (Windows) or Command + D (Mac)
- Ctrl + Z (Windows) or Command + Z (Mac)
Q19. In order for a Bash script to be executed like an OS command, it should start with a shebang line. What does this look like?
-
#!/usr/bin/env bash -
~/usr/bin/env bash -
'$!/usr/bin/env bash -
#/usr/bin/env bash
The date is: Sun Mar 24 12:30:06 CST 2019!-
echo "The date is: !" -
echo "The date is: date!" -
echo "The date is: (date)!" -
echo "The date is: $(date)!"
Q21. Suppose your current working directory is your home directory. How could you run the script demo.sh that is located in your home directory? Find three correct answers.
A. /home/demo.sh
B. ./demo.sh
C. ~/demo.sh
D. bash /home/demo.sh
E. bash demo.sh- B, C, E
- A, B, C
- C, D, E
- B, D, E
-
find . -type html -
find . -name *.html -
find *.html -
find . -name \*.html -print
cat < in.txt > out.txt- The output from the command line. By default STDIN comes from the keyboard.
- Nothing because you can't redirect from file (in.txt) to another file (out.txt). You can only redirect from a command to a file.
- It would be the contents of in.txt.
- Nothing. The redirect will create a new empty file but there will not be any output from the cat command to redirect.
(( $a == $b ))
echo $?- It loops between the values of
$aand$b. - It tests whether the values of variables
$aand$bare equal. - It returns
$bif it is larger than$a. - It returns
$aif it is larger than$b.
-
; ; -
: : -
done -
$$
<em>#!/usr/bin/env bash</em>
case $num in
1)
echo "one"
; ;
2)
echo "two"
; ;
*)
echo "a mystery"
; ;
esac - a case that matches any value, providing a default option if nothing else catches that value
- a case only for what happens when the asterisk character is passed into the script
- the action of all of the other cases combined together
- an action that is taken for any input, even if it matches a specified condition
-
touch file{1+10}.txt -
touch file{1-10}.txt -
touch file{1..10}.txt -
touch file(1..10).txt
-
$$ -
$? -
$! -
$@
#WARNING! Start from this question and to Q40 I have a lot of doubts about answers because in real assessment I get these 12 question + 3 from Q1 to Q28, and I select other answers in Q29, Q31, Q32, Q35, Q36, Q37, Q39, Q40 and pass it
#!/bin/bash
fname=john
john=thomas
echo ${!fname}-
john -
thomas -
Syntax error -
blank
-
A
-
B
-
C
-
D
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Enter your pet type." PET
if [ $PET = dog ] ;then
echo "You have a dog"
fi-
If the value of PET doesn't match dog, the script will return a nonzero status code. -
There is nothing wrong with it. The condition checks the value of PET perfectly. -
It will fail if the user hits the Enter (Return) key without entering a pet name when prompted. -
The then statement needs to be on a separate line.
-
It just works by default. -
history --shared -
history --combined -
shopt -s histappend
-
$@ treats each quoted argument as a separate entity. $* treats the entire argument string as one entity. -
$* treats each quoted argument as a separate entity. $@ treats the entire argument string as one entity. -
$* is used to count the arguments passed to a script, $@ provides all arguments in one string. -
$* is the wildcard that includes all arguments with word splitting, $@ holds the same data but in an array.
if [ -f file.txt ]; then
echo "file.txt exists"
fi-
/usr/bin/test -
/usr/bin/[ -
the built-in [ command -
/usr/bin/[[
#!/bin/bash
Linux=('Debian' 'Redhat' 'Ubuntu' 'Android' 'Fedora' 'Suse')
x=3
Linux=(${Linux[@]:0:$x} ${Linux[@]:$(($x + 1))})
echo "${Linux[@]}"-
Debian Redhat Ubuntu Android Fedora Suse -
Android -
Fedora Suse -
Debian Redhat Ubuntu Fedora Suse
-
/etc/bash.conf -
~/.profile -
/etc/bashprofile -
~/profile
Q37. Given the listed permissions on data.txt is it possible that user2 could have read, write, and execute permissions on data.txt?
$ ls -l
total 0
-rwx------+ 1 user1 user1 0 Oct 27 10:54 data.txt-
No, it's clear that user2 does not have read, write, and execute permissions. -
Yes, the + at the end of the 10-digit permission string signifies there's an access control list. This could possibly give user2 permissions not visible by ls -l. -
It's possible that SELinux provides read, write, and execute permissions for user2 which are not visible with ls -l. -
Yes, the + at the end of the 10-digit permission string signifies there's an extended attribute set. This could give user2 permissions to read, write, and execute data.txt.
#!/bin/bash
declare -A ARRAY=([user1]=bob [user2]=ted [user3]=sally)
KEYS=(${!ARRAY[@]})
for (( i=0; $i < ${#ARRAY[@]}; i+=1 ));do
echo ${KEYS[$i]} - ${ARRAY[${KEYS[$i]}]}
done-
It sorts the associative array named ARRAY and stores the results in an indexed array named KEYS. It then uses this sorted array to loop through the associative array ARRAY. -
Using a C-style for loop, it loops through the associative array named ARRAY using the associative array's keys and outputs both the key and values for each item. -
It creates an indexed array of the associative array named ARRAY. It then uses a C-style for loop and the indexed array to loop through all items in the associative array, outputting the key and value of each array item using the index number. -
It creates an associative array named ARRAY, which it loops through using a C-style for loop and the index numbers of each item in the associative array's keys, outputting the value of each item.
ls Hello[[.vertical-line.]]WorldIt's matches also Hello[[.vertical-line.]]World file but if we have this and Hello|World file will always be matched last one
-
Nothing, this is an invalid file glob. -
Hello.vertical-line.World -
Hello[[.vertical-line.]]World -
Hello|World
ls nonexistentfile | grep "No such file" > out.txt-
No such file -
ls: cannot access nonexistentfile: No such file or directory -
Nothing, out.txt will be empty. -
It will be the contents of nonexistentfile.