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0119.Pascals-Triangle-II

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题目

Given an integer rowIndex, return the rowIndexth row of the Pascal's triangle.

Notice that the row index starts from 0.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/PascalTriangleAnimated2.gif

In Pascal's triangle, each number is the sum of the two numbers directly above it.

Follow up:

Could you optimize your algorithm to use only O(k) extra space?

Example 1:

Input: rowIndex = 3
Output: [1,3,3,1]

Example 2:

Input: rowIndex = 0
Output: [1]

Example 3:

Input: rowIndex = 1
Output: [1,1]

Constraints:

  • 0 <= rowIndex <= 33

题目大意

给定一个非负索引 k,其中 k ≤ 33,返回杨辉三角的第 k 行。

解题思路

  • 题目中的三角是杨辉三角,每个数字是 (a+b)^n 二项式展开的系数。题目要求我们只能使用 O(k) 的空间。那么需要找到两两项直接的递推关系。由组合知识得知:

    $$\begin{aligned}C_{n}^{m} &= \frac{n!}{m!(n-m)!} \C_{n}^{m-1} &= \frac{n!}{(m-1)!(n-m+1)!}\end{aligned}$$

    于是得到递推公式:

    $$C_{n}^{m} = C_{n}^{m-1} \times \frac{n-m+1}{m}$$

    利用这个递推公式即可以把空间复杂度优化到 O(k)

代码

package leetcode

func getRow(rowIndex int) []int {
	row := make([]int, rowIndex+1)
	row[0] = 1
	for i := 1; i <= rowIndex; i++ {
		row[i] = row[i-1] * (rowIndex - i + 1) / i
	}
	return row
}