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ggml.h
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#pragma once
//
// GGML Tensor Library
//
// This documentation is still a work in progress.
// If you wish some specific topics to be covered, feel free to drop a comment:
//
// https://github.com/ggerganov/whisper.cpp/issues/40
//
// ## Overview
//
// This library implements:
//
// - a set of tensor operations
// - automatic differentiation
// - basic optimization algorithms
//
// The aim of this library is to provide a minimalistic approach for various machine learning tasks. This includes,
// but is not limited to, the following:
//
// - linear regression
// - support vector machines
// - neural networks
//
// The library allows the user to define a certain function using the available tensor operations. This function
// definition is represented internally via a computation graph. Each tensor operation in the function definition
// corresponds to a node in the graph. Having the computation graph defined, the user can choose to compute the
// function's value and/or its gradient with respect to the input variables. Optionally, the function can be optimized
// using one of the available optimization algorithms.
//
// For example, here we define the function: f(x) = a*x^2 + b
//
// {
// struct ggml_init_params params = {
// .mem_size = 16*1024*1024,
// .mem_buffer = NULL,
// };
//
// // memory allocation happens here
// struct ggml_context * ctx = ggml_init(params);
//
// struct ggml_tensor * x = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1);
//
// ggml_set_param(ctx, x); // x is an input variable
//
// struct ggml_tensor * a = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1);
// struct ggml_tensor * b = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, 1);
// struct ggml_tensor * x2 = ggml_mul(ctx, x, x);
// struct ggml_tensor * f = ggml_add(ctx, ggml_mul(ctx, a, x2), b);
//
// ...
// }
//
// Notice that the function definition above does not involve any actual computation. The computation is performed only
// when the user explicitly requests it. For example, to compute the function's value at x = 2.0:
//
// {
// ...
//
// struct ggml_cgraph * gf = ggml_new_graph(ctx);
// ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, f);
//
// // set the input variable and parameter values
// ggml_set_f32(x, 2.0f);
// ggml_set_f32(a, 3.0f);
// ggml_set_f32(b, 4.0f);
//
// ggml_graph_compute_with_ctx(ctx, &gf, n_threads);
//
// printf("f = %f\n", ggml_get_f32_1d(f, 0));
//
// ...
// }
//
// The actual computation is performed in the ggml_graph_compute() function.
//
// The ggml_new_tensor_...() functions create new tensors. They are allocated in the memory buffer provided to the
// ggml_init() function. You have to be careful not to exceed the memory buffer size. Therefore, you have to know
// in advance how much memory you need for your computation. Alternatively, you can allocate a large enough memory
// and after defining the computation graph, call the ggml_used_mem() function to find out how much memory was
// actually needed.
//
// The ggml_set_param() function marks a tensor as an input variable. This is used by the automatic
// differentiation and optimization algorithms.
//
// The described approach allows to define the function graph once and then compute its forward or backward graphs
// multiple times. All computations will use the same memory buffer allocated in the ggml_init() function. This way
// the user can avoid the memory allocation overhead at runtime.
//
// The library supports multi-dimensional tensors - up to 4 dimensions. The FP16 and FP32 data types are first class
// citizens, but in theory the library can be extended to support FP8 and integer data types.
//
// Each tensor operation produces a new tensor. Initially the library was envisioned to support only the use of unary
// and binary operations. Most of the available operations fall into one of these two categories. With time, it became
// clear that the library needs to support more complex operations. The way to support these operations is not clear
// yet, but a few examples are demonstrated in the following operations:
//
// - ggml_permute()
// - ggml_conv_1d_1s()
// - ggml_conv_1d_2s()
//
// For each tensor operator, the library implements a forward and backward computation function. The forward function
// computes the output tensor value given the input tensor values. The backward function computes the adjoint of the
// input tensors given the adjoint of the output tensor. For a detailed explanation of what this means, take a
// calculus class, or watch the following video:
//
// What is Automatic Differentiation?
// https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wG_nF1awSSY
//
//
// ## Tensor data (struct ggml_tensor)
//
// The tensors are stored in memory via the ggml_tensor struct. The structure provides information about the size of
// the tensor, the data type, and the memory buffer where the tensor data is stored. Additionally, it contains
// pointers to the "source" tensors - i.e. the tensors that were used to compute the current tensor. For example:
//
// {
// struct ggml_tensor * c = ggml_add(ctx, a, b);
//
// assert(c->src[0] == a);
// assert(c->src[1] == b);
// }
//
// The multi-dimensional tensors are stored in row-major order. The ggml_tensor struct contains fields for the
// number of elements in each dimension ("ne") as well as the number of bytes ("nb", a.k.a. stride). This allows
// to store tensors that are not contiguous in memory, which is useful for operations such as transposition and
// permutation. All tensor operations have to take the stride into account and not assume that the tensor is
// contiguous in memory.
//
// The data of the tensor is accessed via the "data" pointer. For example:
//
// {
// const int nx = 2;
// const int ny = 3;
//
// struct ggml_tensor * a = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, nx, ny);
//
// for (int y = 0; y < ny; y++) {
// for (int x = 0; x < nx; x++) {
// *(float *) ((char *) a->data + y*a->nb[1] + x*a->nb[0]) = x + y;
// }
// }
//
// ...
// }
//
// Alternatively, there are helper functions, such as ggml_get_f32_1d() and ggml_set_f32_1d() that can be used.
//
// ## The matrix multiplication operator (ggml_mul_mat)
//
// TODO
//
//
// ## Multi-threading
//
// TODO
//
//
// ## Overview of ggml.c
//
// TODO
//
//
// ## SIMD optimizations
//
// TODO
//
//
// ## Debugging ggml
//
// TODO
//
//
#ifdef GGML_SHARED
# if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
# ifdef GGML_BUILD
# define GGML_API __declspec(dllexport) extern
# else
# define GGML_API __declspec(dllimport) extern
# endif
# else
# define GGML_API __attribute__ ((visibility ("default"))) extern
# endif
#else
# define GGML_API extern
#endif
// TODO: support for clang
#ifdef __GNUC__
# define GGML_DEPRECATED(func, hint) func __attribute__((deprecated(hint)))
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
# define GGML_DEPRECATED(func, hint) __declspec(deprecated(hint)) func
#else
# define GGML_DEPRECATED(func, hint) func
#endif
#ifndef __GNUC__
# define GGML_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(...)
#elif defined(__MINGW32__)
# define GGML_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(...) __attribute__((format(gnu_printf, __VA_ARGS__)))
#else
# define GGML_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(...) __attribute__((format(printf, __VA_ARGS__)))
#endif
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#define GGML_FILE_MAGIC 0x67676d6c // "ggml"
#define GGML_FILE_VERSION 2
#define GGML_QNT_VERSION 2 // bump this on quantization format changes
#define GGML_QNT_VERSION_FACTOR 1000 // do not change this
#define GGML_MAX_DIMS 4
#define GGML_MAX_PARAMS 2048
#define GGML_MAX_SRC 10
#define GGML_MAX_N_THREADS 512
#define GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS 64
#ifndef GGML_MAX_NAME
# define GGML_MAX_NAME 64
#endif
#define GGML_DEFAULT_N_THREADS 4
#define GGML_DEFAULT_GRAPH_SIZE 2048
#if UINTPTR_MAX == 0xFFFFFFFF
#define GGML_MEM_ALIGN 4
#else
#define GGML_MEM_ALIGN 16
#endif
#define GGML_EXIT_SUCCESS 0
#define GGML_EXIT_ABORTED 1
#define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX 2
#define GGUF_MAGIC "GGUF"
#define GGUF_VERSION 3
#define GGUF_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT 32
#define GGML_UNUSED(x) (void)(x)
#define GGML_PAD(x, n) (((x) + (n) - 1) & ~((n) - 1))
#ifndef NDEBUG
# define GGML_UNREACHABLE() do { fprintf(stderr, "statement should be unreachable\n"); abort(); } while(0)
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
# define GGML_UNREACHABLE() __builtin_unreachable()
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
# define GGML_UNREACHABLE() __assume(0)
#else
# define GGML_UNREACHABLE() ((void) 0)
#endif
#ifdef __cplusplus
# define GGML_NORETURN [[noreturn]]
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
# define GGML_NORETURN __declspec(noreturn)
#else
# define GGML_NORETURN _Noreturn
#endif
#define GGML_ABORT(...) ggml_abort(__FILE__, __LINE__, __VA_ARGS__)
#define GGML_ASSERT(x) if (!(x)) GGML_ABORT("GGML_ASSERT(%s) failed", #x)
// used to copy the number of elements and stride in bytes of tensors into local variables.
// main purpose is to reduce code duplication and improve readability.
//
// example:
//
// GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne1, src1, ne);
// GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t, nb1, src1, nb);
//
#define GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS_1(type, prefix, pointer, array) \
const type prefix##0 = (pointer)->array[0]; \
GGML_UNUSED(prefix##0);
#define GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS_2(type, prefix, pointer, array) \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS_1 (type, prefix, pointer, array) \
const type prefix##1 = (pointer)->array[1]; \
GGML_UNUSED(prefix##1);
#define GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS_3(type, prefix, pointer, array) \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS_2 (type, prefix, pointer, array) \
const type prefix##2 = (pointer)->array[2]; \
GGML_UNUSED(prefix##2);
#define GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(type, prefix, pointer, array) \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS_3 (type, prefix, pointer, array) \
const type prefix##3 = (pointer)->array[3]; \
GGML_UNUSED(prefix##3);
#define GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne) \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t, nb0, src0, nb) \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne, dst, ne) \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t, nb, dst, nb)
#define GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne) \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t, nb0, src0, nb) \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne1, src1, ne) \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t, nb1, src1, nb) \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne, dst, ne) \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t, nb, dst, nb)
#define GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS01 \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne0, src0, ne) \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t, nb0, src0, nb) \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(int64_t, ne1, src1, ne) \
GGML_TENSOR_LOCALS(size_t, nb1, src1, nb)
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
GGML_NORETURN GGML_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(3, 4)
GGML_API void ggml_abort(const char * file, int line, const char * fmt, ...);
enum ggml_status {
GGML_STATUS_ALLOC_FAILED = -2,
GGML_STATUS_FAILED = -1,
GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS = 0,
GGML_STATUS_ABORTED = 1,
};
// get ggml_status name string
GGML_API const char * ggml_status_to_string(enum ggml_status status);
// ieee 754-2008 half-precision float16
// todo: make this not an integral type
typedef uint16_t ggml_fp16_t;
GGML_API float ggml_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t);
GGML_API ggml_fp16_t ggml_fp32_to_fp16(float);
GGML_API void ggml_fp16_to_fp32_row(const ggml_fp16_t *, float *, int64_t);
GGML_API void ggml_fp32_to_fp16_row(const float *, ggml_fp16_t *, int64_t);
// google brain half-precision bfloat16
typedef struct { uint16_t bits; } ggml_bf16_t;
GGML_API ggml_bf16_t ggml_fp32_to_bf16(float);
GGML_API float ggml_bf16_to_fp32(ggml_bf16_t); // consider just doing << 16
GGML_API void ggml_bf16_to_fp32_row(const ggml_bf16_t *, float *, int64_t);
GGML_API void ggml_fp32_to_bf16_row_ref(const float *, ggml_bf16_t *, int64_t);
GGML_API void ggml_fp32_to_bf16_row(const float *, ggml_bf16_t *, int64_t);
struct ggml_object;
struct ggml_context;
struct ggml_cgraph;
// NOTE: always add types at the end of the enum to keep backward compatibility
enum ggml_type {
GGML_TYPE_F32 = 0,
GGML_TYPE_F16 = 1,
GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 = 2,
GGML_TYPE_Q4_1 = 3,
// GGML_TYPE_Q4_2 = 4, support has been removed
// GGML_TYPE_Q4_3 = 5, support has been removed
GGML_TYPE_Q5_0 = 6,
GGML_TYPE_Q5_1 = 7,
GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 = 8,
GGML_TYPE_Q8_1 = 9,
GGML_TYPE_Q2_K = 10,
GGML_TYPE_Q3_K = 11,
GGML_TYPE_Q4_K = 12,
GGML_TYPE_Q5_K = 13,
GGML_TYPE_Q6_K = 14,
GGML_TYPE_Q8_K = 15,
GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS = 16,
GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS = 17,
GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS = 18,
GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S = 19,
GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL = 20,
GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S = 21,
GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S = 22,
GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS = 23,
GGML_TYPE_I8 = 24,
GGML_TYPE_I16 = 25,
GGML_TYPE_I32 = 26,
GGML_TYPE_I64 = 27,
GGML_TYPE_F64 = 28,
GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M = 29,
GGML_TYPE_BF16 = 30,
GGML_TYPE_Q4_0_4_4 = 31,
GGML_TYPE_Q4_0_4_8 = 32,
GGML_TYPE_Q4_0_8_8 = 33,
GGML_TYPE_TQ1_0 = 34,
GGML_TYPE_TQ2_0 = 35,
GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL_4_4 = 36,
// GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL_4_8 = 37,
// GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL_8_8 = 38,
GGML_TYPE_COUNT,
};
// precision
enum ggml_prec {
GGML_PREC_DEFAULT,
GGML_PREC_F32,
};
enum ggml_backend_type {
GGML_BACKEND_TYPE_CPU = 0,
GGML_BACKEND_TYPE_GPU = 10,
GGML_BACKEND_TYPE_GPU_SPLIT = 20,
};
// model file types
enum ggml_ftype {
GGML_FTYPE_UNKNOWN = -1,
GGML_FTYPE_ALL_F32 = 0,
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_F16 = 1, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_0 = 2, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_1 = 3, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_1_SOME_F16 = 4, // tok_embeddings.weight and output.weight are F16
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0 = 7, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_0 = 8, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_1 = 9, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K = 10, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K = 11, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_K = 12, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K = 13, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q6_K = 14, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XXS = 15, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XS = 16, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XXS = 17, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ1_S = 18, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_NL = 19, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_S = 20, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_S = 21, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ4_XS = 22, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ1_M = 23, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_BF16 = 24, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_0_4_4 = 25, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_0_4_8 = 26, // except 1d tensors
GGML_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_0_8_8 = 27, // except 1d tensors
};
// available tensor operations:
enum ggml_op {
GGML_OP_NONE = 0,
GGML_OP_DUP,
GGML_OP_ADD,
GGML_OP_ADD1,
GGML_OP_ACC,
GGML_OP_SUB,
GGML_OP_MUL,
GGML_OP_DIV,
GGML_OP_SQR,
GGML_OP_SQRT,
GGML_OP_LOG,
GGML_OP_SIN,
GGML_OP_COS,
GGML_OP_SUM,
GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS,
GGML_OP_MEAN,
GGML_OP_ARGMAX,
GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL,
GGML_OP_REPEAT,
GGML_OP_REPEAT_BACK,
GGML_OP_CONCAT,
GGML_OP_SILU_BACK,
GGML_OP_NORM, // normalize
GGML_OP_RMS_NORM,
GGML_OP_RMS_NORM_BACK,
GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM,
GGML_OP_MUL_MAT,
GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID,
GGML_OP_OUT_PROD,
GGML_OP_SCALE,
GGML_OP_SET,
GGML_OP_CPY,
GGML_OP_CONT,
GGML_OP_RESHAPE,
GGML_OP_VIEW,
GGML_OP_PERMUTE,
GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE,
GGML_OP_GET_ROWS,
GGML_OP_GET_ROWS_BACK,
GGML_OP_DIAG,
GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_INF,
GGML_OP_DIAG_MASK_ZERO,
GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX,
GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX_BACK,
GGML_OP_ROPE,
GGML_OP_ROPE_BACK,
GGML_OP_CLAMP,
GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D,
GGML_OP_IM2COL,
GGML_OP_IM2COL_BACK,
GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D,
GGML_OP_POOL_1D,
GGML_OP_POOL_2D,
GGML_OP_POOL_2D_BACK,
GGML_OP_UPSCALE, // nearest interpolate
GGML_OP_PAD,
GGML_OP_ARANGE,
GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING,
GGML_OP_ARGSORT,
GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU,
GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT,
GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_BACK,
GGML_OP_SSM_CONV,
GGML_OP_SSM_SCAN,
GGML_OP_WIN_PART,
GGML_OP_WIN_UNPART,
GGML_OP_GET_REL_POS,
GGML_OP_ADD_REL_POS,
GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6,
GGML_OP_UNARY,
GGML_OP_MAP_UNARY,
GGML_OP_MAP_BINARY,
GGML_OP_MAP_CUSTOM1_F32,
GGML_OP_MAP_CUSTOM2_F32,
GGML_OP_MAP_CUSTOM3_F32,
GGML_OP_MAP_CUSTOM1,
GGML_OP_MAP_CUSTOM2,
GGML_OP_MAP_CUSTOM3,
GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS,
GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS_BACK,
GGML_OP_OPT_STEP_ADAMW,
GGML_OP_COUNT,
};
enum ggml_unary_op {
GGML_UNARY_OP_ABS,
GGML_UNARY_OP_SGN,
GGML_UNARY_OP_NEG,
GGML_UNARY_OP_STEP,
GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH,
GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU,
GGML_UNARY_OP_RELU,
GGML_UNARY_OP_SIGMOID,
GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU,
GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK,
GGML_UNARY_OP_SILU,
GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH,
GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID,
GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP,
GGML_UNARY_OP_COUNT,
};
enum ggml_object_type {
GGML_OBJECT_TYPE_TENSOR,
GGML_OBJECT_TYPE_GRAPH,
GGML_OBJECT_TYPE_WORK_BUFFER
};
enum ggml_log_level {
GGML_LOG_LEVEL_NONE = 0,
GGML_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG = 1,
GGML_LOG_LEVEL_INFO = 2,
GGML_LOG_LEVEL_WARN = 3,
GGML_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR = 4,
GGML_LOG_LEVEL_CONT = 5, // continue previous log
};
// this tensor...
enum ggml_tensor_flag {
GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_INPUT = 1, // ...is an input for the GGML compute graph
GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_OUTPUT = 2, // ...is an output for the GGML compute graph
GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_PARAM = 4, // ...contains trainable parameters
GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_LOSS = 8, // ...defines loss for numerical optimization (multiple loss tensors add up)
};
struct ggml_init_params {
// memory pool
size_t mem_size; // bytes
void * mem_buffer; // if NULL, memory will be allocated internally
bool no_alloc; // don't allocate memory for the tensor data
};
// n-dimensional tensor
struct ggml_tensor {
enum ggml_type type;
GGML_DEPRECATED(enum ggml_backend_type backend, "use the buffer type to find the storage location of the tensor");
struct ggml_backend_buffer * buffer;
int64_t ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS]; // number of elements
size_t nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS]; // stride in bytes:
// nb[0] = ggml_type_size(type)
// nb[1] = nb[0] * (ne[0] / ggml_blck_size(type)) + padding
// nb[i] = nb[i-1] * ne[i-1]
// compute data
enum ggml_op op;
// op params - allocated as int32_t for alignment
int32_t op_params[GGML_MAX_OP_PARAMS / sizeof(int32_t)];
int32_t flags;
struct ggml_tensor * src[GGML_MAX_SRC];
// source tensor and offset for views
struct ggml_tensor * view_src;
size_t view_offs;
void * data;
char name[GGML_MAX_NAME];
void * extra; // extra things e.g. for ggml-cuda.cu
char padding[8];
};
static const size_t GGML_TENSOR_SIZE = sizeof(struct ggml_tensor);
// Abort callback
// If not NULL, called before ggml computation
// If it returns true, the computation is aborted
typedef bool (*ggml_abort_callback)(void * data);
//
// GUID
//
// GUID types
typedef uint8_t ggml_guid[16];
typedef ggml_guid * ggml_guid_t;
GGML_API bool ggml_guid_matches(ggml_guid_t guid_a, ggml_guid_t guid_b);
// misc
GGML_API void ggml_time_init(void); // call this once at the beginning of the program
GGML_API int64_t ggml_time_ms(void);
GGML_API int64_t ggml_time_us(void);
GGML_API int64_t ggml_cycles(void);
GGML_API int64_t ggml_cycles_per_ms(void);
// accepts a UTF-8 path, even on Windows
GGML_API FILE * ggml_fopen(const char * fname, const char * mode);
GGML_API void ggml_print_object (const struct ggml_object * obj);
GGML_API void ggml_print_objects(const struct ggml_context * ctx);
GGML_API int64_t ggml_nelements (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API int64_t ggml_nrows (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API size_t ggml_nbytes (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API size_t ggml_nbytes_pad(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor); // same as ggml_nbytes() but padded to GGML_MEM_ALIGN
GGML_API int64_t ggml_blck_size(enum ggml_type type);
GGML_API size_t ggml_type_size(enum ggml_type type); // size in bytes for all elements in a block
GGML_API size_t ggml_row_size (enum ggml_type type, int64_t ne); // size in bytes for all elements in a row
GGML_DEPRECATED(
GGML_API double ggml_type_sizef(enum ggml_type type), // ggml_type_size()/ggml_blck_size() as float
"use ggml_row_size() instead");
GGML_API const char * ggml_type_name(enum ggml_type type);
GGML_API const char * ggml_op_name (enum ggml_op op);
GGML_API const char * ggml_op_symbol(enum ggml_op op);
GGML_API const char * ggml_unary_op_name(enum ggml_unary_op op);
GGML_API const char * ggml_op_desc(const struct ggml_tensor * t); // unary or op name
GGML_API size_t ggml_element_size(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API bool ggml_is_quantized(enum ggml_type type);
// TODO: temporary until model loading of ggml examples is refactored
GGML_API enum ggml_type ggml_ftype_to_ggml_type(enum ggml_ftype ftype);
GGML_API bool ggml_is_transposed(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API bool ggml_is_permuted (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API bool ggml_is_empty (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API bool ggml_is_scalar (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API bool ggml_is_vector (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API bool ggml_is_matrix (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API bool ggml_is_3d (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API int ggml_n_dims (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor); // returns 1 for scalars
GGML_API bool ggml_is_contiguous (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API bool ggml_is_contiguous_0(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor); // same as ggml_is_contiguous()
GGML_API bool ggml_is_contiguous_1(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor); // contiguous for dims >= 1
GGML_API bool ggml_is_contiguous_2(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor); // contiguous for dims >= 2
GGML_API bool ggml_are_same_shape (const struct ggml_tensor * t0, const struct ggml_tensor * t1);
GGML_API bool ggml_are_same_stride(const struct ggml_tensor * t0, const struct ggml_tensor * t1);
GGML_API bool ggml_can_repeat(const struct ggml_tensor * t0, const struct ggml_tensor * t1);
// use this to compute the memory overhead of a tensor
GGML_API size_t ggml_tensor_overhead(void);
GGML_API bool ggml_validate_row_data(enum ggml_type type, const void * data, size_t nbytes);
// main
GGML_API struct ggml_context * ggml_init (struct ggml_init_params params);
GGML_API void ggml_reset(struct ggml_context * ctx);
GGML_API void ggml_free (struct ggml_context * ctx);
GGML_API size_t ggml_used_mem(const struct ggml_context * ctx);
GGML_API bool ggml_get_no_alloc(struct ggml_context * ctx);
GGML_API void ggml_set_no_alloc(struct ggml_context * ctx, bool no_alloc);
GGML_API void * ggml_get_mem_buffer (const struct ggml_context * ctx);
GGML_API size_t ggml_get_mem_size (const struct ggml_context * ctx);
GGML_API size_t ggml_get_max_tensor_size(const struct ggml_context * ctx);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_tensor(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
enum ggml_type type,
int n_dims,
const int64_t *ne);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_tensor_1d(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
enum ggml_type type,
int64_t ne0);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_tensor_2d(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
enum ggml_type type,
int64_t ne0,
int64_t ne1);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_tensor_3d(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
enum ggml_type type,
int64_t ne0,
int64_t ne1,
int64_t ne2);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_new_tensor_4d(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
enum ggml_type type,
int64_t ne0,
int64_t ne1,
int64_t ne2,
int64_t ne3);
GGML_API void * ggml_new_buffer(struct ggml_context * ctx, size_t nbytes);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_dup_tensor (struct ggml_context * ctx, const struct ggml_tensor * src);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_view_tensor(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * src);
// Context tensor enumeration and lookup
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_get_first_tensor(const struct ggml_context * ctx);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_get_next_tensor (const struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_get_tensor(struct ggml_context * ctx, const char * name);
// Converts a flat index into coordinates
GGML_API void ggml_unravel_index(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, int64_t i, int64_t * i0, int64_t * i1, int64_t * i2, int64_t * i3);
GGML_API enum ggml_unary_op ggml_get_unary_op(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API void * ggml_get_data (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API float * ggml_get_data_f32(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API const char * ggml_get_name (const struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_set_name ( struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const char * name);
GGML_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(2, 3)
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_format_name( struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const char * fmt, ...);
// Tensor flags
GGML_API void ggml_set_input(struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API void ggml_set_output(struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API void ggml_set_param(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
GGML_API void ggml_set_loss(struct ggml_tensor * tensor);
//
// operations on tensors with backpropagation
//
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_dup(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
// in-place, returns view(a)
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_dup_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_add(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_add_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_add_cast(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b,
enum ggml_type type);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_add1(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_add1_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b);
// dst = a
// view(dst, nb1, nb2, nb3, offset) += b
// return dst
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_acc(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b,
size_t nb1,
size_t nb2,
size_t nb3,
size_t offset);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_acc_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b,
size_t nb1,
size_t nb2,
size_t nb3,
size_t offset);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sub(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sub_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_mul(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_mul_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_div(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_div_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sqr(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sqr_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sqrt(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sqrt_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_log(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_log_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sin(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sin_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_cos(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_cos_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
// return scalar
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sum(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
// sums along rows, with input shape [a,b,c,d] return shape [1,b,c,d]
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sum_rows(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
// mean along rows
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_mean(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
// argmax along rows
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_argmax(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
// count number of equal elements in a and b
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_count_equal(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b);
// if a is the same shape as b, and a is not parameter, return a
// otherwise, return a new tensor: repeat(a) to fit in b
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_repeat(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b);
// sums repetitions in a into shape of b
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_repeat_back(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b);
// concat a and b along dim
// used in stable-diffusion
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_concat(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a,
struct ggml_tensor * b,
int dim);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_abs(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_abs_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sgn(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sgn_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_neg(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_neg_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_step(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_step_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_tanh(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_tanh_inplace(
struct ggml_context * ctx,
struct ggml_tensor * a);
GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_elu(
struct ggml_context * ctx,