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[LeetCode] 14. Longest Common Prefix #14

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grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments
Open

[LeetCode] 14. Longest Common Prefix #14

grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments

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@grandyang
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grandyang commented May 30, 2019


请点击下方图片观看讲解视频
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Write a function to find the longest common prefix string amongst an array of strings.

If there is no common prefix, return an empty string "".

Example 1:

**Input:** strs = ["flower","flow","flight"]
**Output:** "fl"

Example 2:

**Input:** strs = ["dog","racecar","car"]
**Output:** ""
**Explanation:** There is no common prefix among the input strings.

Constraints:

  • 1 <= strs.length <= 200
  • 0 <= strs[i].length <= 200
  • strs[i] consists of only lowercase English letters.

这道题让我们求一系列字符串的共同前缀,没有什么特别的技巧,无脑查找即可,定义两个变量i和j,其中j是遍历搜索字符串中的字符,i是遍历字符串集中的每个字符串。这里将单词上下排好,则相当于一个各行长度有可能不相等的二维数组,遍历顺序和一般的横向逐行遍历不同,而是采用纵向逐列遍历,在遍历的过程中,如果某一行没有了,说明其为最短的单词,因为共同前缀的长度不能长于最短单词,所以此时返回已经找出的共同前缀。每次取出第一个字符串的某一个位置的单词,然后遍历其他所有字符串的对应位置看是否相等,如果有不满足的直接返回 res,如果都相同,则将当前字符存入结果,继续检查下一个位置的字符,参见代码如下:

C++ 解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    string longestCommonPrefix(vector<string>& strs) {
        if (strs.empty()) return "";
        string res = "";
        for (int j = 0; j < strs[0].size(); ++j) {
            char c = strs[0][j];
            for (int i = 1; i < strs.size(); ++i) {
                if (j >= strs[i].size() || strs[i][j] != c) {
                    return res;
                }
            }
            res.push_back(c);
        }
        return res;
    }
};

Java 解法一:

public class Solution {
    public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
        if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) return "";
        String res = new String();
        for (int j = 0; j < strs[0].length(); ++j) {
            char c = strs[0].charAt(j);
            for (int i = 1; i < strs.length; ++i) {
                if (j >= strs[i].length() || strs[i].charAt(j) != c) {
                    return res;
                }
            }
            res += Character.toString(c);
        }
        return res;
    }
}

我们可以对上面的方法进行适当精简,如果发现当前某个字符和第一个字符串对应位置的字符不相等,说明不会再有更长的共同前缀了,直接通过用 substr 的方法直接取出共同前缀的子字符串。如果遍历结束前没有返回结果的话,说明第一个单词就是公共前缀,返回为结果即可。代码如下:

C++ 解法二:

class Solution {
public:
    string longestCommonPrefix(vector<string>& strs) {
        if (strs.empty()) return "";
        for (int j = 0; j < strs[0].size(); ++j) {
            for (int i = 0; i < strs.size(); ++i) {
                if (j >= strs[i].size() || strs[i][j] != strs[0][j]) {
                    return strs[i].substr(0, j);
                }
            }
        }
        return strs[0];
    }
};

Java 解法二:

class Solution {
    public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
        if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) return "";
        for (int j = 0; j < strs[0].length(); ++j) {
            for (int i = 0; i < strs.length; ++i) {
                if (j >= strs[i].length() || strs[i].charAt(j) != strs[0].charAt(j)) {
                    return strs[i].substring(0, j); 
                }   
            }
        }
        return strs[0];
    }
}

我们再来看一种解法,这种方法给输入字符串数组排了个序,想想这样做有什么好处?既然是按字母顺序排序的话,那么有共同字母多的两个字符串会被排到一起,而跟大家相同的字母越少的字符串会被挤到首尾两端,那么如果有共同前缀的话,一定会出现在首尾两端的字符串中,所以只需要找首尾字母串的共同前缀即可。比如例子1排序后为 ["flight", "flow", "flower"],例子2排序后为 ["cat", "dog", "racecar"],虽然例子2没有共同前缀,但也可以认为共同前缀是空串,且出现在首尾两端的字符串中。由于是按字母顺序排的,而不是按长度,所以首尾字母的长度关系不知道,为了防止溢出错误,只遍历而这种较短的那个的长度,找出共同前缀返回即可,参见代码如下:

C++ 解法三:

class Solution {
public:
    string longestCommonPrefix(vector<string>& strs) {
        if (strs.empty()) return "";
        sort(strs.begin(), strs.end());
        int i = 0, len = min(strs[0].size(), strs.back().size());
        while (i < len && strs[0][i] == strs.back()[i]) ++i;
        return strs[0].substr(0, i);
    }
};

Java 解法三:

class Solution {
    public String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
        if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) return "";
        Arrays.sort(strs);
        int i = 0, len = Math.min(strs[0].length(), strs[strs.length - 1].length());
        while (i < len && strs[0].charAt(i) == strs[strs.length - 1].charAt(i)) i++;
        return strs[0].substring(0, i);
    }
}

Github 同步地址:

#14

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-common-prefix

https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-common-prefix/discuss/6910/Java-code-with-13-lines

https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-common-prefix/discuss/6940/Java-We-Love-Clear-Code!

https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-common-prefix/discuss/6926/Accepted-c%2B%2B-6-lines-4ms

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