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Given an integer n, your task is to count how many strings of length n can be formed under the following rules:
n
'a'
'e'
'i'
'o'
'u'
'a'.
Since the answer may be too large, return it modulo 10^9 + 7.
10^9 + 7.
Example 1:
Input: n = 1 Output: 5 Explanation: All possible strings are: "a", "e", "i" , "o" and "u".
Example 2:
Input: n = 2 Output: 10 Explanation: All possible strings are: "ae", "ea", "ei", "ia", "ie", "io", "iu", "oi", "ou" and "ua".
Example 3:
Input: n = 5 Output: 68
Constraints:
1 <= n <= 2 * 10^4
这道题说是让求n个元音的全排列的个数,所谓的元音,就是 a,e,i,o,u 这五个字母。并制定了一系列的规则:a的后面只能跟e,e的后面只能跟a或i,i的后面不能跟另一个i,o的后面只能跟i或u,u的后面只能跟a。跟许多其他的求个数的题目一样,返回的结果要对一个超大数取余。根据博主多年的刷题经验,这种要对超大数字取余的题目,十有八九都是要用动态规划 Dynamic Programming 来做的,这道题也不例外。首先来考虑 DP 数组该如何定义,想想组成每个状态都有哪些必要的信息,全排列的长度肯定是必要的信息之一,还有就是当前全排列最后一个位置的字母也很重要,因为题目中的规则限定了很多相连字母之间的关系,很多组合是不能出现的。这里用一个二维 DP 数组,其中 dp[i][j] 表示长度为 i+1 的全排列的最后一个字母是 vowels[j] 的个数,其中 vowels 是元音字符数组,且初始化 dp[0][j] 为1,因为只有一个字母的话并不受任何的规则约束。
接下来就是要更新 dp[i][j],用个 for 循环将i从1遍历到n,由于元音只有5个,且各自的规则不同,所以不需要再用一个内层的 for 循环来遍历j,而且按照各自不同的规则来分别更新。通过分析题目中的规则可知,元音a前面只能有e,i,u,用 dp[i - 1][1] + dp[i - 1][2] + dp[i - 1][4] 来更新 dp[i][0]。元音e前面只能有a,i,用 dp[i - 1][0] + dp[i - 1][2] 来更新 dp[i][1]。元音i前面只能有e,o,用 dp[i - 1][1] + dp[i - 1][3] 来更新 dp[i][2]。元音o前面只能有i,用 dp[i - 1][2] 来更新 dp[i][3]。元音u前面只能有i,o,用 dp[i - 1][2] + dp[i - 1][3] 来更新 dp[i][4]。最后只要将所有的 dp[n-1][j] 都加起来就是所求结果,为了防止整型溢出,在所有的加的操作之后都对超大数取余,而且 dp 数组要定义成长整型的,参见代码如下:
class Solution { public: int countVowelPermutation(int n) { int res = 0, M = 1e9 + 7; vector<char> vowels{'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'}; vector<vector<long>> dp(n, vector<long>(5)); for (int j = 0; j < 5; ++j) dp[0][j] = 1; for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { dp[i][0] = (dp[i - 1][1] + dp[i - 1][2] + dp[i - 1][4]) % M; dp[i][1] = (dp[i - 1][0] + dp[i - 1][2]) % M; dp[i][2] = (dp[i - 1][1] + dp[i - 1][3]) % M; dp[i][3] = dp[i - 1][2]; dp[i][4] = (dp[i - 1][2] + dp[i - 1][3]) % M; } for (int j = 0; j < 5; ++j) { res = (res + dp[n - 1][j]) % M; } return res; } };
Github 同步地址:
#1220
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/count-vowels-permutation/
https://leetcode.com/problems/count-vowels-permutation/discuss/398222/Detailed-Explanation-using-Graphs-With-Pictures-O(n)
https://leetcode.com/problems/count-vowels-permutation/discuss/398173/C%2B%2B-Bottom-up-Recursive-DPs-O(n)-and-Matrix-Exponentiation-O(logn)
LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)
The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered:
No branches or pull requests
Given an integer
n
, your task is to count how many strings of lengthn
can be formed under the following rules:'a'
,'e'
,'i'
,'o'
,'u'
)'a'
may only be followed by an'e'
.'e'
may only be followed by an'a'
or an'i'
.'i'
may not be followed by another'i'
.'o'
may only be followed by an'i'
or a'u'
.'u'
may only be followed by an'a'.
Since the answer may be too large, return it modulo
10^9 + 7.
Example 1:
Example 2:
Example 3:
Constraints:
1 <= n <= 2 * 10^4
这道题说是让求n个元音的全排列的个数,所谓的元音,就是 a,e,i,o,u 这五个字母。并制定了一系列的规则:a的后面只能跟e,e的后面只能跟a或i,i的后面不能跟另一个i,o的后面只能跟i或u,u的后面只能跟a。跟许多其他的求个数的题目一样,返回的结果要对一个超大数取余。根据博主多年的刷题经验,这种要对超大数字取余的题目,十有八九都是要用动态规划 Dynamic Programming 来做的,这道题也不例外。首先来考虑 DP 数组该如何定义,想想组成每个状态都有哪些必要的信息,全排列的长度肯定是必要的信息之一,还有就是当前全排列最后一个位置的字母也很重要,因为题目中的规则限定了很多相连字母之间的关系,很多组合是不能出现的。这里用一个二维 DP 数组,其中 dp[i][j] 表示长度为 i+1 的全排列的最后一个字母是 vowels[j] 的个数,其中 vowels 是元音字符数组,且初始化 dp[0][j] 为1,因为只有一个字母的话并不受任何的规则约束。
接下来就是要更新 dp[i][j],用个 for 循环将i从1遍历到n,由于元音只有5个,且各自的规则不同,所以不需要再用一个内层的 for 循环来遍历j,而且按照各自不同的规则来分别更新。通过分析题目中的规则可知,元音a前面只能有e,i,u,用 dp[i - 1][1] + dp[i - 1][2] + dp[i - 1][4] 来更新 dp[i][0]。元音e前面只能有a,i,用 dp[i - 1][0] + dp[i - 1][2] 来更新 dp[i][1]。元音i前面只能有e,o,用 dp[i - 1][1] + dp[i - 1][3] 来更新 dp[i][2]。元音o前面只能有i,用 dp[i - 1][2] 来更新 dp[i][3]。元音u前面只能有i,o,用 dp[i - 1][2] + dp[i - 1][3] 来更新 dp[i][4]。最后只要将所有的 dp[n-1][j] 都加起来就是所求结果,为了防止整型溢出,在所有的加的操作之后都对超大数取余,而且 dp 数组要定义成长整型的,参见代码如下:
Github 同步地址:
#1220
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/count-vowels-permutation/
https://leetcode.com/problems/count-vowels-permutation/discuss/398222/Detailed-Explanation-using-Graphs-With-Pictures-O(n)
https://leetcode.com/problems/count-vowels-permutation/discuss/398173/C%2B%2B-Bottom-up-Recursive-DPs-O(n)-and-Matrix-Exponentiation-O(logn)
LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)
The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: