A Gradle 6.8+ plugin to use legacy Java libraries as Java Modules in a modular Java project.
This GradleX plugin is maintained by me, Jendrik Johannes. I offer consulting and training for Gradle and/or the Java Module System - please reach out if you are interested. There is also my YouTube channel on Gradle topics.
Special thanks goes to Ihor Herasymenko who has been contributing many features and fixes to this plugin!
If you have a suggestion or a question, please open an issue.
There is a CHANGELOG.md.
If you plan to build Java Modules with Gradle, you should consider using these plugins on top of Gradle core:
id("org.gradlex.java-module-dependencies")
Avoid duplicated dependency definitions and get your Module Path under controlid("org.gradlex.java-module-testing")
Proper test setup for Java Modulesid("org.gradlex.extra-java-module-info")
Only if your (existing) project cannot avoid using non-module legacy Jars
Here is a sample that shows all plugins in combination.
In episodes 31, 32, 33 of Understanding Gradle I explain what these plugins do and why they are needed.
Full Java Module System Project Setup is a full-fledged Java Module System project setup using these plugins.
This plugin allows you to add module information to a Java library that does not have any. If you do that, you can give it a proper module name and Gradle can pick it up to put it on the module path during compilation, testing and execution.
The plugin should be applied to all subprojects of your multi-project build. It is recommended to use a convention plugin for that.
Add this to the build file of your convention plugin's build
(e.g. gradle/plugins/build.gradle(.kts) or buildSrc/build.gradle(.kts)).
dependencies {
implementation("org.gradlex:extra-java-module-info:1.9")
}
In your convention plugin, apply the plugin and define the additional module info:
plugins {
...
id("org.gradlex.extra-java-module-info")
}
// add module information for all direct and transitive dependencies that are not modules
extraJavaModuleInfo {
// failOnMissingModuleInfo.set(false)
module("commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils", "org.apache.commons.beanutils") {
exports("org.apache.commons.beanutils")
// or granuarly allowing access to a package by specific modules
// exports("org.apache.commons.beanutils",
// "org.mycompany.server", "org.mycompany.client")
// or simply export all packages
// exportAllPackages()
requiresTransitive("org.apache.commons.logging")
requires("java.sql")
requires("java.desktop")
// closeModule()
// opens("org.apache.commons.beanutils")
// or granuarly allowing runtime-only access to a package by specific modules
// opens("org.apache.commons.beanutils",
// "org.mycompany.server", "org.mycompany.client")
// requiresTransitive(...)
// requiresStatic(...)
// requireAllDefinedDependencies()
}
module("commons-cli:commons-cli", "org.apache.commons.cli") {
exports("org.apache.commons.cli")
}
module("commons-collections:commons-collections", "org.apache.commons.collections")
automaticModule("commons-logging:commons-logging", "org.apache.commons.logging")
// when the Jar has a classifier - 'linux-x86_64' in this example:
module("io.netty:netty-transport-native-epoll|linux-x86_64",
"io.netty.transport.epoll.linux.x86_64")
// when you somehow cannot address a Jar via coordinates, you may use the Jar name:
module("commons-logging-1.2.jar", "org.apache.commons.loggin")
}
Now dependencies defined in your build files are all treated as modules if enough extra information was provided. For example:
dependencies {
implementation("com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6") // real module
implementation("net.bytebuddy:byte-buddy:1.10.9") // real module with multi-release jar
implementation("org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.10") // automatic module
implementation("commons-beanutils:commons-beanutils:1.9.4") // plain library (also brings in other libraries transitively)
implementation("commons-cli:commons-cli:1.4") // plain library
}
Sample uses Gradle's Kotlin DSL (build.gradle.kts file). The Groovy DSL syntax is similar.
This can be useful for the test classpath if it should be used for unit testing on the classpath (rather than the module path). If you use the shadow plugin and encounter this issue, you can deactivate it for the runtime classpath as the module information is irrelevant for a fat Jar in any case.
Kotlin DSL
// Disable for a single Classpath (Configuration)
configurations {
runtimeClasspath { // testRuntimeClasspath, testCompileClasspath, ...
attributes { attribute(Attribute.of("javaModule", Boolean::class.javaObjectType), false) }
}
}
// Disable for all 'annotationProcessor' paths
sourceSets.all {
configurations.getByName(annotationProcessorConfigurationName) {
attributes { attribute(Attribute.of("javaModule", Boolean::class.javaObjectType), false) }
}
}
Groovy DSL
// Disable for a single Classpath (Configuration)
configurations {
runtimeClasspath { // testRuntimeClasspath, testCompileClasspath, ...
attributes { attribute(Attribute.of("javaModule", Boolean), false) }
}
}
// Disable for all 'annotationProcessor' paths
sourceSets.all {
configurations.getByName(annotationProcessorConfigurationName) {
attributes { attribute(Attribute.of("javaModule", Boolean), false) }
}
}
The plugin will automatically retrofit all the available META-INF/services/* descriptors into module-info.class for you. The META-INF/services/* descriptors will be preserved so that a transformed JAR will continue to work if it is placed on the classpath.
The plugin also allows you to ignore some unwanted services from being automatically converted into provides .. with ... declarations.
extraJavaModuleInfo {
module("groovy-all-2.4.15.jar", "groovy.all", "2.4.15") {
requiresTransitive("java.scripting")
requires("java.logging")
requires("java.desktop")
ignoreServiceProvider("org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ExtensionModule")
ignoreServiceProvider("org.codehaus.groovy.plugins.Runners")
ignoreServiceProvider("org.codehaus.groovy.source.Extensions")
}
}
Only if you use real modules (Jars with module-info.class) everywhere you can use all features of the Java Module System
(see e.g. #38 for why it may be problematic to depend on an automatic module).
Still, using automatic modules is more convenient if you need to work with a lot of legacy libraries, because you do not need to define exports and requires directives.
Alternatively though, this plugin offers a way to define a real module, without defining all of those directives explicitly:
extraJavaModuleInfo {
module("org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient", "org.apache.httpcomponents.httpclient") {
exportAllPackages() // Adds an `exports` for each package found in the Jar
requireAllDefinedDependencies() // Adds `requires (transitive|static)` directives based on dependencies defined in the component's metadata
}
}
How can I avoid that the same Jar is transformed multiple times when using requireAllDefinedDependencies?
When using the requireAllDefinedDependencies option, all metadata of the dependencies on your classpath is input to the Jar transformation.
In a multi-project however, each subproject typically has different classpaths and not all metadata is available everywhere.
This leads to a situation, where Gradle's transformation system does not know if transforming the same Jar will lead to the same result.
Then, the same Jar is transformed many times. This is not necessary a problem, as the results of the transforms are cached
and do not run on every build invocation. However, the effect of this is still visible:
for example when you import the project in IntelliJ IDEA.
You see the same dependency many times in the External Libraries list and IntelliJ is doing additional indexing work.
To circumvent this, you need to construct a common classpath – as a resolvable configuration – that the transform can use.
This needs to be done in all subprojects. You use the versionsProvidingConfiguration to tell the plugin about the commons classpath.
extraJavaModuleInfo {
versionsProvidingConfiguration = "mainRuntimeClasspath"
}
To create such a common classpath, some setup work is needed. And it depends on your overall project structure if and how to do that. Here is an example setup you may use:
val consistentResolutionAttribute = Attribute.of("consistent-resolution", String::class.java)
// Define an Outgoing Variant (aka Consumable Configuration) that knows about all dependencies
configurations.create("allDependencies") {
isCanBeConsumed = true
isCanBeResolved = false
sourceSets.all {
extendsFrom(
configurations[this.implementationConfigurationName],
configurations[this.compileOnlyConfigurationName],
configurations[this.runtimeOnlyConfigurationName],
configurations[this.annotationProcessorConfigurationName]
)
}
attributes { attribute(consistentResolutionAttribute, "global") }
}
// Define a "global claspath" (as Resolvable Configuration)
val mainRuntimeClasspath = configurations.create("mainRuntimeClasspath") {
isCanBeConsumed = false
isCanBeResolved = true
attributes.attribute(consistentResolutionAttribute, "global")
}
// Add a dependency to the 'main' project(s) (:app ins this example) that transitively
// depend on all subprojects to create a depenedency graph wih "everything"
dependencies { mainRuntimeClasspath(project(":app")) }
// Use the global classpath for consisten resolution (optional)
configurations.runtimeClasspath {
shouldResolveConsistentlyWith(mainRuntimeClasspath)
}
I have many automatic modules in my project. How can I convert them into proper modules and control what they export or require?
The plugin provides a set of <sourceSet>moduleDescriptorRecommendations tasks that generate the real module declarations utilizing jdeps and dependency metadata.
This task generates module info spec for the JARs that do not contain the proper module-info.class descriptors.
NOTE: This functionality requires Gradle to be run with Java 11+ and failing on missing module information should be disabled via failOnMissingModuleInfo.set(false).
If your goal is to fully modularize your application, you should enable the following configuration setting, which is disabled by default.
extraJavaModuleInfo {
failOnAutomaticModules.set(true)
}
With this setting enabled, the build will fail unless you define a module override for every automatic module that appears in your dependency tree, as shown below.
dependencies {
implementation("org.yaml:snakeyaml:1.33")
}
extraJavaModuleInfo {
failOnAutomaticModules.set(true)
module("org.yaml:snakeyaml", "org.yaml.snakeyaml") {
closeModule()
exports("org.yaml.snakeyaml")
}
}
The Java Module System does not allow the same package to be used in more than one module. This is an issue with legacy libraries, where it was common practice to use the same package in multiple Jars. This plugin offers the option to merge multiple Jars into one in such situations:
extraJavaModuleInfo {
module("org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper", "org.apache.zookeeper") {
mergeJar("org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper-jute")
// ...
}
automaticModule("org.slf4j:slf4j-api", "org.slf4j") {
mergeJar("org.slf4j:slf4j-ext")
}
}
Note: The merged Jar will include the first appearance of duplicated files (like the MANIFEST.MF).
To fix a library with a broken module-info.class, you can override the modular descriptor in the same way it is done with non-modular JARs. However, you need to specify patchRealModule() in order to avoid unintentional overrides.
extraJavaModuleInfo {
module("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core", "org.apache.tomcat.embed.core") {
patchRealModule()
requires("java.desktop")
requires("java.instrument")
...
}
}
This opt-in behavior is designed to prevent over-patching real modules, especially during version upgrades. For example, when a newer version of a library already contains the proper module-info.class, the extra module info overrides should be removed.
If you use legacy libraries and want to use the Java Module System with all its features, you should patch all Jars to include a module-info.
However, if you get started and just want things to be put on the Module Path, you can set the following option:
extraJavaModuleInfo {
deriveAutomaticModuleNamesFromFileNames.set(true)
}
Now, also Jars that do not have a module-info.class and no Automatic-Module-Name entry will automatically be processed to get an Automatic-Module-Name based on the Jar file name.
This feature is helpful if you start to migrate an existing project to the Module Path.
The pivotal feature of this plugin though, is to add a complete module-info.class to all Jars using the module(...) patch option for each legacy Jar individually.
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