feat: make QueryJob.done() method more performant

[plamut]

Fixes #534.

This PR removes refreshing query results from the QueryJob.done() method, the latter is now just the done() method inherited from the _AsyncJob base class that at most reloads the job itself and checks if its state is DONE.

Since blocking poll from the PollingFuture base class repeatedly invokes done(), the change would cause too many job reload requests while waiting for the query results. The QueryJob class thus overrides the _done_or_raise() method repeatedly used by the blocking poll so that the polling is actually performed by fetching the query results. The latter call can block for up to 10 seconds, meaning that fewer polling requests are made than if reload the job was used.

How to test

Set logging level to DEBUG to see what HTTP requests are made. Then run a query job that normally takes more than 10 seconds to complete, for example:

SELECT
CONCAT(
    'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/',
    CAST(id as STRING)) as url,
view_count, 1 AS foo
FROM `bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions`"""
"""
ORDER BY view_count DESC

Tip: If running the query in multiple test runs in a row, change 1 AS foo to a different value so that the query is re-run and cached query results are not used)

While the query is running, call query_job.result() - query results should be fetched, but with a reasonable amount of requests.

Beside testing the .result() method, the .done() method should be checked, too - if it is run repeatedly while the query is running, each call should finish "fast", i.e. it should block for significantly less time than 10 seconds, because all it needs to do is to reload the job data itself.

PR checklist:

• Make sure to open an issue as a bug/issue before writing your code! That way we can discuss the change, evaluate designs, and agree on the general idea
• Ensure the tests and linter pass
• Code coverage does not decrease (if any source code was changed)
• Appropriate docs were updated (if necessary)

[tswast]

Magnificent!