test(browser-integration-tests): Ensure error after navigation has navigation traceId

[Lms24]

builds on top of #11600

Adds a test to ensure that errors thrown after a navigation transaction finished are still associated with he trace started from the navigation.

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size
@sentry/browser	22.16 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing)	31.74 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay)	67.06 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - with treeshaking flags	60.47 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay with Canvas)	70.89 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	80.78 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback)	35.71 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback, Feedback Modal)	35.71 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback, Feedback Modal, Feedback Screenshot)	37.74 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. sendFeedback)	26.95 KB (0%)
@sentry/react	24.84 KB (0%)
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing)	34.64 KB (0%)
@sentry/vue	25.73 KB (0%)
@sentry/vue (incl. Tracing)	33.45 KB (0%)
@sentry/svelte	22.29 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle	24.48 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing)	32.97 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay)	66.59 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	82.8 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle - uncompressed	72.9 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing) - uncompressed	98.9 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay) - uncompressed	208.55 KB (0%)
@sentry/nextjs (client)	34.01 KB (0%)
@sentry/sveltekit (client)	32.25 KB (0%)
@sentry/node	120.17 KB (0%)