feat: Add App Check token verification (#484)

Add API to verify app check tokens

Author: bamnet

appcheck/appcheck.go

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// Copyright 2022 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package appcheck provides functionality for verifying App Check tokens.
+package appcheck
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/MicahParks/keyfunc"
+	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4"
+
+	"firebase.google.com/go/v4/internal"
+)
+
+// JWKSUrl is the URL of the JWKS used to verify App Check tokens.
+var JWKSUrl = "https://firebaseappcheck.googleapis.com/v1beta/jwks"
+
+const appCheckIssuer = "https://firebaseappcheck.googleapis.com/"
+
+var (
+	// ErrIncorrectAlgorithm is returned when the token is signed with a non-RSA256 algorithm.
+	ErrIncorrectAlgorithm = errors.New("token has incorrect algorithm")
+	// ErrTokenType is returned when the token is not a JWT.
+	ErrTokenType = errors.New("token has incorrect type")
+	// ErrTokenClaims is returned when the token claims cannot be decoded.
+	ErrTokenClaims = errors.New("token has incorrect claims")
+	// ErrTokenAudience is returned when the token audience does not match the current project.
+	ErrTokenAudience = errors.New("token has incorrect audience")
+	// ErrTokenIssuer is returned when the token issuer does not match Firebase's App Check service.
+	ErrTokenIssuer = errors.New("token has incorrect issuer")
+	// ErrTokenSubject is returned when the token subject is empty or missing.
+	ErrTokenSubject = errors.New("token has empty or missing subject")
+)
+
+// DecodedAppCheckToken represents a verified App Check token.
+//
+// DecodedAppCheckToken provides typed accessors to the common JWT fields such as Audience (aud)
+// and ExpiresAt (exp). Additionally it provides an AppID field, which indicates the application ID to which this
+// token belongs. Any additional JWT claims can be accessed via the Claims map of DecodedAppCheckToken.
+type DecodedAppCheckToken struct {
+	Issuer    string
+	Subject   string
+	Audience  []string
+	ExpiresAt time.Time
+	IssuedAt  time.Time
+	AppID     string
+	Claims    map[string]interface{}
+}
+
+// Client is the interface for the Firebase App Check service.
+type Client struct {
+	projectID string
+	jwks      *keyfunc.JWKS
+}
+
+// NewClient creates a new instance of the Firebase App Check Client.
+//
+// This function can only be invoked from within the SDK. Client applications should access the
+// the App Check service through firebase.App.
+func NewClient(ctx context.Context, conf *internal.AppCheckConfig) (*Client, error) {
+	// TODO: Add support for overriding the HTTP client using the App one.
+	jwks, err := keyfunc.Get(JWKSUrl, keyfunc.Options{
+		Ctx:             ctx,
+		RefreshInterval: 6 * time.Hour,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &Client{
+		projectID: conf.ProjectID,
+		jwks:      jwks,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// VerifyToken verifies the given App Check token.
+//
+// VerifyToken considers an App Check token string to be valid if all the following conditions are met:
+//   - The token string is a valid RS256 JWT.
+//   - The JWT contains valid issuer (iss) and audience (aud) claims that match the issuerPrefix
+//     and projectID of the tokenVerifier.
+//   - The JWT contains a valid subject (sub) claim.
+//   - The JWT is not expired, and it has been issued some time in the past.
+//   - The JWT is signed by a Firebase App Check backend server as determined by the keySource.
+//
+// If any of the above conditions are not met, an error is returned. Otherwise a pointer to a
+// decoded App Check token is returned.
+func (c *Client) VerifyToken(token string) (*DecodedAppCheckToken, error) {
+	// References for checks:
+	// https://firebase.googleblog.com/2021/10/protecting-backends-with-app-check.html
+	// https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-node/blob/master/src/app-check/token-verifier.ts#L106
+
+	// The standard JWT parser also validates the expiration of the token
+	// so we do not need dedicated code for that.
+	decodedToken, err := jwt.Parse(token, func(t *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {
+		if t.Header["alg"] != "RS256" {
+			return nil, ErrIncorrectAlgorithm
+		}
+		if t.Header["typ"] != "JWT" {
+			return nil, ErrTokenType
+		}
+		return c.jwks.Keyfunc(t)
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	claims, ok := decodedToken.Claims.(jwt.MapClaims)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, ErrTokenClaims
+	}
+
+	rawAud := claims["aud"].([]interface{})
+	aud := []string{}
+	for _, v := range rawAud {
+		aud = append(aud, v.(string))
+	}
+
+	if !contains(aud, "projects/"+c.projectID) {
+		return nil, ErrTokenAudience
+	}
+
+	// We check the prefix to make sure this token was issued
+	// by the Firebase App Check service, but we do not check the
+	// Project Number suffix because the Golang SDK only has project ID.
+	//
+	// This is consistent with the Firebase Admin Node SDK.
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(claims["iss"].(string), appCheckIssuer) {
+		return nil, ErrTokenIssuer
+	}
+
+	if val, ok := claims["sub"].(string); !ok || val == "" {
+		return nil, ErrTokenSubject
+	}
+
+	appCheckToken := DecodedAppCheckToken{
+		Issuer:    claims["iss"].(string),
+		Subject:   claims["sub"].(string),
+		Audience:  aud,
+		ExpiresAt: time.Unix(int64(claims["exp"].(float64)), 0),
+		IssuedAt:  time.Unix(int64(claims["iat"].(float64)), 0),
+		AppID:     claims["sub"].(string),
+	}
+
+	// Remove all the claims we've already parsed.
+	for _, usedClaim := range []string{"iss", "sub", "aud", "exp", "iat", "sub"} {
+		delete(claims, usedClaim)
+	}
+	appCheckToken.Claims = claims
+
+	return &appCheckToken, nil
+}
+
+func contains(s []string, str string) bool {
+	for _, v := range s {
+		if v == str {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}