diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/Environment.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/Environment.ts
index fa581d8ed8d81..8a4d3d20151c6 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/Environment.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/Environment.ts
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ const EnvironmentConfigSchema = z.object({
       z.array(
         z.object({
           function: ExternalFunctionSchema,
-          numRequiredArgs: z.number(),
+          numRequiredArgs: z.number().min(1, 'numRequiredArgs must be > 0'),
         }),
       ),
     )
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/envConfig-test.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/envConfig-test.ts
index 02715601bdc63..b90c9d9175057 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/envConfig-test.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/__tests__/envConfig-test.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 import {Effect, validateEnvironmentConfig} from '..';
 import {ValueKind} from '../HIR';
+import {inferEffectDependencies} from '../Inference';
 
 describe('parseConfigPragma()', () => {
   it('passing null throws', () => {
@@ -24,6 +25,24 @@ describe('parseConfigPragma()', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('effect autodeps config must have at least 1 required argument', () => {
+    expect(() => {
+      validateEnvironmentConfig({
+        inferEffectDependencies: [
+          {
+            function: {
+              source: 'react',
+              importSpecifierName: 'useEffect',
+            },
+            numRequiredArgs: 0,
+          },
+        ],
+      } as any);
+    }).toThrowErrorMatchingInlineSnapshot(
+      `"InvalidConfig: Could not validate environment config. Update React Compiler config to fix the error. Validation error: numRequiredArgs must be > 0 at "inferEffectDependencies[0].numRequiredArgs""`,
+    );
+  });
+
   it('can parse stringy enums', () => {
     const stringyHook = {
       effectKind: 'freeze',