internal/ethapi: eth_multicall (#27720)

This is a successor PR to #25743. This PR is based on a new iteration of
the spec: ethereum/execution-apis#484.

`eth_multicall` takes in a list of blocks, each optionally overriding
fields like number, timestamp, etc. of a base block. Each block can
include calls. At each block users can override the state. There are
extra features, such as:

- Include ether transfers as part of the logs
- Overriding precompile codes with evm bytecode
- Redirecting accounts to another address

## Breaking changes

This PR includes the following breaking changes:

- Block override fields of eth_call and debug_traceCall have had the
following fields renamed
  - `coinbase` -> `feeRecipient`
  - `random` -> `prevRandao`
  - `baseFee` -> `baseFeePerGas`

---------

Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

core/state_processor.go

@@ -147,9 +147,14 @@ func ApplyTransactionWithEVM(msg *Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPo
 	}
 	*usedGas += result.UsedGas
 
+	return MakeReceipt(evm, result, statedb, blockNumber, blockHash, tx, *usedGas, root), nil
+}
+
+// MakeReceipt generates the receipt object for a transaction given its execution result.
+func MakeReceipt(evm *vm.EVM, result *ExecutionResult, statedb *state.StateDB, blockNumber *big.Int, blockHash common.Hash, tx *types.Transaction, usedGas uint64, root []byte) *types.Receipt {
 	// Create a new receipt for the transaction, storing the intermediate root and gas used
 	// by the tx.
-	receipt = &types.Receipt{Type: tx.Type(), PostState: root, CumulativeGasUsed: *usedGas}
+	receipt := &types.Receipt{Type: tx.Type(), PostState: root, CumulativeGasUsed: usedGas}
 	if result.Failed() {
 		receipt.Status = types.ReceiptStatusFailed
 	} else {
@@ -164,7 +169,7 @@ func ApplyTransactionWithEVM(msg *Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPo
 	}
 
 	// If the transaction created a contract, store the creation address in the receipt.
-	if msg.To == nil {
+	if tx.To() == nil {
 		receipt.ContractAddress = crypto.CreateAddress(evm.TxContext.Origin, tx.Nonce())
 	}
 
@@ -180,7 +185,7 @@ func ApplyTransactionWithEVM(msg *Message, config *params.ChainConfig, gp *GasPo
 	receipt.BlockHash = blockHash
 	receipt.BlockNumber = blockNumber
 	receipt.TransactionIndex = uint(statedb.TxIndex())
-	return receipt, err
+	return receipt
 }
 
 // ApplyTransaction attempts to apply a transaction to the given state database

core/state_transition.go

@@ -142,27 +142,31 @@ type Message struct {
 	BlobGasFeeCap *big.Int
 	BlobHashes    []common.Hash
 
-	// When SkipAccountChecks is true, the message nonce is not checked against the
-	// account nonce in state. It also disables checking that the sender is an EOA.
+	// When SkipNonceChecks is true, the message nonce is not checked against the
+	// account nonce in state.
 	// This field will be set to true for operations like RPC eth_call.
-	SkipAccountChecks bool
+	SkipNonceChecks bool
+
+	// When SkipFromEOACheck is true, the message sender is not checked to be an EOA.
+	SkipFromEOACheck bool
 }
 
 // TransactionToMessage converts a transaction into a Message.
 func TransactionToMessage(tx *types.Transaction, s types.Signer, baseFee *big.Int) (*Message, error) {
 	msg := &Message{
-		Nonce:             tx.Nonce(),
-		GasLimit:          tx.Gas(),
-		GasPrice:          new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasPrice()),
-		GasFeeCap:         new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasFeeCap()),
-		GasTipCap:         new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasTipCap()),
-		To:                tx.To(),
-		Value:             tx.Value(),
-		Data:              tx.Data(),
-		AccessList:        tx.AccessList(),
-		SkipAccountChecks: false,
-		BlobHashes:        tx.BlobHashes(),
-		BlobGasFeeCap:     tx.BlobGasFeeCap(),
+		Nonce:            tx.Nonce(),
+		GasLimit:         tx.Gas(),
+		GasPrice:         new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasPrice()),
+		GasFeeCap:        new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasFeeCap()),
+		GasTipCap:        new(big.Int).Set(tx.GasTipCap()),
+		To:               tx.To(),
+		Value:            tx.Value(),
+		Data:             tx.Data(),
+		AccessList:       tx.AccessList(),
+		SkipNonceChecks:  false,
+		SkipFromEOACheck: false,
+		BlobHashes:       tx.BlobHashes(),
+		BlobGasFeeCap:    tx.BlobGasFeeCap(),
 	}
 	// If baseFee provided, set gasPrice to effectiveGasPrice.
 	if baseFee != nil {
@@ -280,7 +284,7 @@ func (st *StateTransition) buyGas() error {
 func (st *StateTransition) preCheck() error {
 	// Only check transactions that are not fake
 	msg := st.msg
-	if !msg.SkipAccountChecks {
+	if !msg.SkipNonceChecks {
 		// Make sure this transaction's nonce is correct.
 		stNonce := st.state.GetNonce(msg.From)
 		if msgNonce := msg.Nonce; stNonce < msgNonce {
@@ -293,6 +297,8 @@ func (st *StateTransition) preCheck() error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("%w: address %v, nonce: %d", ErrNonceMax,
 				msg.From.Hex(), stNonce)
 		}
+	}
+	if !msg.SkipFromEOACheck {
 		// Make sure the sender is an EOA
 		codeHash := st.state.GetCodeHash(msg.From)
 		if codeHash != (common.Hash{}) && codeHash != types.EmptyCodeHash {

core/vm/contracts.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"maps"
 	"math/big"
 
 	"github.com/consensys/gnark-crypto/ecc"
@@ -46,9 +47,12 @@ type PrecompiledContract interface {
 	Run(input []byte) ([]byte, error) // Run runs the precompiled contract
 }
 
+// PrecompiledContracts contains the precompiled contracts supported at the given fork.
+type PrecompiledContracts map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract
+
 // PrecompiledContractsHomestead contains the default set of pre-compiled Ethereum
 // contracts used in the Frontier and Homestead releases.
-var PrecompiledContractsHomestead = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
+var PrecompiledContractsHomestead = PrecompiledContracts{
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x1}): &ecrecover{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x2}): &sha256hash{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x3}): &ripemd160hash{},
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@ var PrecompiledContractsHomestead = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
 
 // PrecompiledContractsByzantium contains the default set of pre-compiled Ethereum
 // contracts used in the Byzantium release.
-var PrecompiledContractsByzantium = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
+var PrecompiledContractsByzantium = PrecompiledContracts{
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x1}): &ecrecover{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x2}): &sha256hash{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x3}): &ripemd160hash{},
@@ -70,7 +74,7 @@ var PrecompiledContractsByzantium = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
 
 // PrecompiledContractsIstanbul contains the default set of pre-compiled Ethereum
 // contracts used in the Istanbul release.
-var PrecompiledContractsIstanbul = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
+var PrecompiledContractsIstanbul = PrecompiledContracts{
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x1}): &ecrecover{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x2}): &sha256hash{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x3}): &ripemd160hash{},
@@ -84,7 +88,7 @@ var PrecompiledContractsIstanbul = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
 
 // PrecompiledContractsBerlin contains the default set of pre-compiled Ethereum
 // contracts used in the Berlin release.
-var PrecompiledContractsBerlin = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
+var PrecompiledContractsBerlin = PrecompiledContracts{
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x1}): &ecrecover{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x2}): &sha256hash{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x3}): &ripemd160hash{},
@@ -98,7 +102,7 @@ var PrecompiledContractsBerlin = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
 
 // PrecompiledContractsCancun contains the default set of pre-compiled Ethereum
 // contracts used in the Cancun release.
-var PrecompiledContractsCancun = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
+var PrecompiledContractsCancun = PrecompiledContracts{
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x1}): &ecrecover{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x2}): &sha256hash{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x3}): &ripemd160hash{},
@@ -113,7 +117,7 @@ var PrecompiledContractsCancun = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
 
 // PrecompiledContractsPrague contains the set of pre-compiled Ethereum
 // contracts used in the Prague release.
-var PrecompiledContractsPrague = map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract{
+var PrecompiledContractsPrague = PrecompiledContracts{
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x01}): &ecrecover{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x02}): &sha256hash{},
 	common.BytesToAddress([]byte{0x03}): &ripemd160hash{},
@@ -169,7 +173,31 @@ func init() {
 	}
 }
 
-// ActivePrecompiles returns the precompiles enabled with the current configuration.
+func activePrecompiledContracts(rules params.Rules) PrecompiledContracts {
+	switch {
+	case rules.IsVerkle:
+		return PrecompiledContractsVerkle
+	case rules.IsPrague:
+		return PrecompiledContractsPrague
+	case rules.IsCancun:
+		return PrecompiledContractsCancun
+	case rules.IsBerlin:
+		return PrecompiledContractsBerlin
+	case rules.IsIstanbul:
+		return PrecompiledContractsIstanbul
+	case rules.IsByzantium:
+		return PrecompiledContractsByzantium
+	default:
+		return PrecompiledContractsHomestead
+	}
+}
+
+// ActivePrecompiledContracts returns a copy of precompiled contracts enabled with the current configuration.
+func ActivePrecompiledContracts(rules params.Rules) PrecompiledContracts {
+	return maps.Clone(activePrecompiledContracts(rules))
+}
+
+// ActivePrecompiles returns the precompile addresses enabled with the current configuration.
 func ActivePrecompiles(rules params.Rules) []common.Address {
 	switch {
 	case rules.IsPrague:

core/vm/evm.go

@@ -41,24 +41,7 @@ type (
 )
 
 func (evm *EVM) precompile(addr common.Address) (PrecompiledContract, bool) {
-	var precompiles map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract
-	switch {
-	case evm.chainRules.IsVerkle:
-		precompiles = PrecompiledContractsVerkle
-	case evm.chainRules.IsPrague:
-		precompiles = PrecompiledContractsPrague
-	case evm.chainRules.IsCancun:
-		precompiles = PrecompiledContractsCancun
-	case evm.chainRules.IsBerlin:
-		precompiles = PrecompiledContractsBerlin
-	case evm.chainRules.IsIstanbul:
-		precompiles = PrecompiledContractsIstanbul
-	case evm.chainRules.IsByzantium:
-		precompiles = PrecompiledContractsByzantium
-	default:
-		precompiles = PrecompiledContractsHomestead
-	}
-	p, ok := precompiles[addr]
+	p, ok := evm.precompiles[addr]
 	return p, ok
 }
 
@@ -129,22 +112,13 @@ type EVM struct {
 	// available gas is calculated in gasCall* according to the 63/64 rule and later
 	// applied in opCall*.
 	callGasTemp uint64
+	// precompiles holds the precompiled contracts for the current epoch
+	precompiles map[common.Address]PrecompiledContract
 }
 
 // NewEVM returns a new EVM. The returned EVM is not thread safe and should
 // only ever be used *once*.
 func NewEVM(blockCtx BlockContext, txCtx TxContext, statedb StateDB, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, config Config) *EVM {
-	// If basefee tracking is disabled (eth_call, eth_estimateGas, etc), and no
-	// gas prices were specified, lower the basefee to 0 to avoid breaking EVM
-	// invariants (basefee < feecap)
-	if config.NoBaseFee {
-		if txCtx.GasPrice.BitLen() == 0 {
-			blockCtx.BaseFee = new(big.Int)
-		}
-		if txCtx.BlobFeeCap != nil && txCtx.BlobFeeCap.BitLen() == 0 {
-			blockCtx.BlobBaseFee = new(big.Int)
-		}
-	}
 	evm := &EVM{
 		Context:     blockCtx,
 		TxContext:   txCtx,
@@ -153,10 +127,18 @@ func NewEVM(blockCtx BlockContext, txCtx TxContext, statedb StateDB, chainConfig
 		chainConfig: chainConfig,
 		chainRules:  chainConfig.Rules(blockCtx.BlockNumber, blockCtx.Random != nil, blockCtx.Time),
 	}
+	evm.precompiles = activePrecompiledContracts(evm.chainRules)
 	evm.interpreter = NewEVMInterpreter(evm)
 	return evm
 }
 
+// SetPrecompiles sets the precompiled contracts for the EVM.
+// This method is only used through RPC calls.
+// It is not thread-safe.
+func (evm *EVM) SetPrecompiles(precompiles PrecompiledContracts) {
+	evm.precompiles = precompiles
+}
+
 // Reset resets the EVM with a new transaction context.Reset
 // This is not threadsafe and should only be done very cautiously.
 func (evm *EVM) Reset(txCtx TxContext, statedb StateDB) {

eth/gasestimator/gasestimator.go

@@ -221,8 +221,16 @@ func run(ctx context.Context, call *core.Message, opts *Options) (*core.Executio
 		evmContext = core.NewEVMBlockContext(opts.Header, opts.Chain, nil)
 
 		dirtyState = opts.State.Copy()
-		evm        = vm.NewEVM(evmContext, msgContext, dirtyState, opts.Config, vm.Config{NoBaseFee: true})
 	)
+	// Lower the basefee to 0 to avoid breaking EVM
+	// invariants (basefee < feecap).
+	if msgContext.GasPrice.Sign() == 0 {
+		evmContext.BaseFee = new(big.Int)
+	}
+	if msgContext.BlobFeeCap != nil && msgContext.BlobFeeCap.BitLen() == 0 {
+		evmContext.BlobBaseFee = new(big.Int)
+	}
+	evm := vm.NewEVM(evmContext, msgContext, dirtyState, opts.Config, vm.Config{NoBaseFee: true})
 	// Monitor the outer context and interrupt the EVM upon cancellation. To avoid
 	// a dangling goroutine until the outer estimation finishes, create an internal
 	// context for the lifetime of this method call.

eth/tracers/api.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
 	"sync"
@@ -955,20 +956,31 @@ func (api *API) TraceCall(ctx context.Context, args ethapi.TransactionArgs, bloc
 	vmctx := core.NewEVMBlockContext(block.Header(), api.chainContext(ctx), nil)
 	// Apply the customization rules if required.
 	if config != nil {
-		if err := config.StateOverrides.Apply(statedb); err != nil {
+		config.BlockOverrides.Apply(&vmctx)
+		rules := api.backend.ChainConfig().Rules(vmctx.BlockNumber, vmctx.Random != nil, vmctx.Time)
+
+		precompiles := vm.ActivePrecompiledContracts(rules)
+		if err := config.StateOverrides.Apply(statedb, precompiles); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		config.BlockOverrides.Apply(&vmctx)
 	}
 	// Execute the trace
 	if err := args.CallDefaults(api.backend.RPCGasCap(), vmctx.BaseFee, api.backend.ChainConfig().ChainID); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	var (
-		msg         = args.ToMessage(vmctx.BaseFee)
-		tx          = args.ToTransaction()
+		msg         = args.ToMessage(vmctx.BaseFee, true, true)
+		tx          = args.ToTransaction(types.LegacyTxType)
 		traceConfig *TraceConfig
 	)
+	// Lower the basefee to 0 to avoid breaking EVM
+	// invariants (basefee < feecap).
+	if msg.GasPrice.Sign() == 0 {
+		vmctx.BaseFee = new(big.Int)
+	}
+	if msg.BlobGasFeeCap != nil && msg.BlobGasFeeCap.BitLen() == 0 {
+		vmctx.BlobBaseFee = new(big.Int)
+	}
 	if config != nil {
 		traceConfig = &config.TraceConfig
 	}

ethclient/ethclient_test.go

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ func newTestBackend(t *testing.T) (*node.Node, []*types.Block) {
 		t.Fatalf("can't create new node: %v", err)
 	}
 	// Create Ethereum Service
-	config := &ethconfig.Config{Genesis: genesis}
+	config := &ethconfig.Config{Genesis: genesis, RPCGasCap: 1000000}
 	ethservice, err := eth.New(n, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("can't create new ethereum service: %v", err)

ethclient/gethclient/gethclient.go

@@ -328,9 +328,9 @@ func (o BlockOverrides) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		Difficulty *hexutil.Big    `json:"difficulty,omitempty"`
 		Time       hexutil.Uint64  `json:"time,omitempty"`
 		GasLimit   hexutil.Uint64  `json:"gasLimit,omitempty"`
-		Coinbase   *common.Address `json:"coinbase,omitempty"`
-		Random     *common.Hash    `json:"random,omitempty"`
-		BaseFee    *hexutil.Big    `json:"baseFee,omitempty"`
+		Coinbase   *common.Address `json:"feeRecipient,omitempty"`
+		Random     *common.Hash    `json:"prevRandao,omitempty"`
+		BaseFee    *hexutil.Big    `json:"baseFeePerGas,omitempty"`
 	}
 
 	output := override{

ethclient/gethclient/gethclient_test.go

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func newTestBackend(t *testing.T) (*node.Node, []*types.Block) {
 		t.Fatalf("can't create new node: %v", err)
 	}
 	// Create Ethereum Service
-	config := &ethconfig.Config{Genesis: genesis}
+	config := &ethconfig.Config{Genesis: genesis, RPCGasCap: 1000000}
 	ethservice, err := eth.New(n, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("can't create new ethereum service: %v", err)
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ func TestBlockOverridesMarshal(t *testing.T) {
 			bo: BlockOverrides{
 				Coinbase: common.HexToAddress("0x1111111111111111111111111111111111111111"),
 			},
-			want: `{"coinbase":"0x1111111111111111111111111111111111111111"}`,
+			want: `{"feeRecipient":"0x1111111111111111111111111111111111111111"}`,
 		},
 		{
 			bo: BlockOverrides{
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ func TestBlockOverridesMarshal(t *testing.T) {
 				GasLimit:   4,
 				BaseFee:    big.NewInt(5),
 			},
-			want: `{"number":"0x1","difficulty":"0x2","time":"0x3","gasLimit":"0x4","baseFee":"0x5"}`,
+			want: `{"number":"0x1","difficulty":"0x2","time":"0x3","gasLimit":"0x4","baseFeePerGas":"0x5"}`,
 		},
 	} {
 		marshalled, err := json.Marshal(&tt.bo)

graphql/graphql_test.go

@@ -453,6 +453,7 @@ func newGQLService(t *testing.T, stack *node.Node, shanghai bool, gspec *core.Ge
 		TrieDirtyCache: 5,
 		TrieTimeout:    60 * time.Minute,
 		SnapshotCache:  5,
+		RPCGasCap:      1000000,
 		StateScheme:    rawdb.HashScheme,
 	}
 	var engine consensus.Engine = ethash.NewFaker()