snapshotify

Creates a static HTML snapshot for your create-react-app app, to improve initial page load times. Makes for blazing fast load times, and improves SEO.

Work in progress: This module is under development. Many features that you'd need for production use aren't implemented yet. However, you are encouraged to give this module a try to get a sense of the OMG speed. Feedback and contributions welcome!

Inspired by react-snapshot and react-snap. This module obsesses over the performance of your built app.

Usage

Install using npm:

npm install snapshotify

Modify the scripts in your package.json to add a "postbuild" key:

{
  ...
  "scripts": {
    ...
    "postbuild": "snapshotify"
    ...
  }
}

Then, modify your index.js to wait before hydration:

import React from 'react';
import { hydrate, render } from 'react-dom';
import loadScripts from 'snapshotify';
import App from './App';

const rootElement = document.getElementById('root');
if (rootElement.hasChildNodes()) {
  loadScripts().then(() => hydrate(<App />, rootElement));
} else {
  render(<App />, rootElement);
}

Build your app as usual:

npm run build

What it achieves

• Blazing fast load speed for your app.
• Better SEO, at least for crawlers that don't execute JS.

What it does

• Starts a temporary web server using express to serve your built create-react-app app.
• Uses puppeteer to launch a headless browser to render your app.
• Extracts the minimum CSS needed to render your app, using postcss to parse the CSS into an AST.
  • Rejects CSS rules for DOM nodes that aren't in your page.
  • Preserves rules like @font-face.
  • Preserves pseudo-selectors like ::before or :hover for nodes that are on page.
  • Preserves media queries, but again rejects rules for DOM nodes that aren't in the page.
  • Only retains keyframe animations for animations you are using on the page.
• Minifies the resulting minimal CSS using CSSO. Embeds this into the markup of your HTML directly as an inline style tag.
• Identifies the minimal fonts needed for the first render of the page, and preloads them using <link rel='preload' as='font' type='font/woff2' href=''>.
• Removes all external script tags (typically your main.hash.js), and includes them instead as <link rel='preload' as='script' href='main.hash.js' />.
• Identifies the chunks needed for the render of the page, and preloads them too. This downloads all the needed scripts in parallel. (Usually, requests for chunks are only issued after the main script has loaded, which makes it sequential.)
• Adds an inline script loader to inject your main script file asynchronously and after page load, so that page load is not held up.
• Removes all external stylesheets, and adds them as <link rel='preload'> instead. After page load, a CSS loader injected in the page adds the external CSS files. A fallback is also added, for browsers that don't support JS, so that styles don't appear broken for non-JS browsers.
• If the page contains a CSP meta tag <meta http-equiv='Content-Security-Policy' content='...'>, hashes are added to your script-src and style-src directives, to allow the added inline scripts and styles.
• Uses html-minifier to minify the whole resulting HTML, making several micro-optimisations.
• Recursively crawls any links you have (useful if you're using client-side routing like with react-router), and optimises those pages too.
• Writes all the built pre-rendered html files to your build folder, ready for mounting directly to a web-server like nginx.

As a result of the optimisations above, the page load time is drastically improved. Only the markup, fonts (if any), and images (if any) are actually needed for page load. External script files (typically your main.js) and external CSS files (index.css) are not injected into the page until after page load, so that they do not contribute to the page load time. Even so, the script files, all of the needed code-split chunks, external CSS files and fonts are donwloaded as soon as possible, and all in parallel, so that your page's startup time is as quick as possible, and your JS starts up faster than usual.

Configuration

Specifying a config file

When invoking snapshotify, you can pass an additional parameter to specify your config file:

snapshotify --config snapshot.json

If you don't specify a --config, it defaults to snapshot.json. If the config file can't be found, defaults as specified below are used.

snapshot.json

The config file can have any of the following properties:

• inlineCSS: (boolean, default true) Extracts the minimal CSS required for the initial render of the page, and inlines it as a style tag. You may want to disable this if the minimal CSS is already in the DOM as a style tag, which might be the case if you're using a CSS-in-JS lib that uses style tags.
• preloadScripts: (boolean, default true) Preloads your script file(s) using <link rel='preload' as='script' href='...'>, and injects an inline script loader to execute your code only after script preloading is complete. If your initial render depends on one or more dynamically imported components, all the code-split chunks as preloaded as well. The combination of the preloading and the script loader ensures that you get to the window-onload event as soon as possible.
• preloadFonts: (boolean, default true) Identifies the fonts needed for the initial render of the page, and preloads them using a <link rel='preload' as='font' type='font/woff2' href=''>. Only preloads a woff2 font, since all browsers that support preloading also support (and prefer) a woff2 font.
• addCSPHashes: (boolean, default true) If your page has a CSP <meta> tag, setting this flag adds style-src and script-src hashes to the CSP policy, to allow the inline style and script tags added during the snapshot process. If the CSP meta tag isn't present, this rule has no effect. If any of the directives has 'unsafe-inline' already present, hashes aren't added.
• cspAlgo: (string, default sha256) The algorithm to be used for calculating the CSP hash. Possible values are sha256, sha384 or sha512. This property is only used if addCSPHashes is true.

The following properties are mostly only useful for debugging:

• dryRun: (boolean, default false) Does a dry run. Doesn't write any files to the build directory. Just generates a report after processing your app.
• printConsoleLogs: (boolean, default false) Prints console.log lines from your app, as reported by puppeteer, to stdout.

Detecting snapshot

Sometimes, it may be necessary to detect if you are running in the snapshot mode, so that you can serve up alternative content. To enable this, a global window.SNAPSHOT variable is set to true when taking the snapshot.

Notes

• Works great with CSS-in-JS libs. I've tried glamor.
• When checking performance improvements, it's useful to use network throtting in Chrome devtools.
• Async modules loaded using dynamic import(...) (say through react-loadable) are handled automatically. These modules are added to the page as <link rel='preload', as='script' href='n.chunk.hash.js />, so that they are loaded alongside your main.js in parallel. (Normally chunks aren't requested until after main.js has been downloaded and evaluated.)
• In my setup, I view the resulting snapshot app using nginx. The following is my nginx config.

  server {
    listen   80;
    server_name domain.test;
  
    # Strip .html and trailing slash from the URL
    rewrite ^(/.*)\.html(\?.*)?$ $1$2 permanent;
    rewrite ^/(.*)/$ /$1 permanent;
  
    root /path/to/app/build;
    index index.html;
    try_files $uri/index.html $uri.html $uri/ $uri =404;
  
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 9;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript application/x-javascript application/javascript application/xml text/html;
  
    error_page 404 /404.html;
    error_page 500 502 503 504 /500.html;
  }
  

• If preloading async components for future (not immediate) use, do so after a slight delay (say 500ms), so that snapshotify doesn't see them during the build.

TODO

• Handling routes that can't be crawled (like stuff behind a login form). Does not make sense to snapshot these routes, but at least load the index.html correctly for the first request. This is a v1 blocker.
• Explore options to eliminate flicker with async components.
• Figure out how to play nicely with ServiceWorkers.

License: MIT