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GAL-002.xml
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GAL-002.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-model href="http://www.stoa.org/epidoc/schema/9.3/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
<?xml-model href="http://www.stoa.org/epidoc/schema/9.3/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="en">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>GAL-002. Templebrecan 2: Carved Pebble</title>
<editor role="editor" xml:id="NW"><persName>Nora White</persName>
<orgName>Maynooth University, Department of Early Irish</orgName></editor>
<funder>Royal Irish Academy</funder>
<funder>
<ref target="https://www.ria.ie/sites/default/files/nowlan_digitisation_grants_2021.pdf">Nowlan Digitisation Grant</ref>
</funder>
<respStmt>
<name ref="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7957-651X">Nora White</name>
<resp>data collection, editing and encoding</resp>
</respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority>EMILI</authority>
<idno type="filename">GAL-002</idno>
<idno type="CIIC">532</idno>
<availability>
<licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</licence>
</availability>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<msDesc>
<msIdentifier>
<repository>National Museum of Ireland</repository>
<idno type="invNo">inventory/reg. no. P1047</idno>
</msIdentifier>
<msContents>
<msItem>
<textLang mainLang="sga-Latn">Old Irish written in latin script</textLang>
</msItem>
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<objectDesc>
<supportDesc>
<support>
<p>National Monuments Service Record Number: <ref target="https://maps.archaeology.ie/HistoricEnvironment/?SMRS=GA110-023001-">GA110-023001-</ref>.
A black, <material ref="materials.xml#clay_ironstone">clay ironstone</material> <objectType ref="objects.xml#mon8">nodule</objectType>,
approximately <dimensions unit="m">
<height>0.76</height>
<width>0.76</width>
<depth>0.38</depth>
</dimensions> (converted from <ref source="#PET1845">Petrie 1845, 139</ref>)
almost flat on the underside. A <rs type="decoration" ref="crosses.xml#linearCross">linear</rs>, <rs type="decoration" ref="crosses.xml#equal-armedCross">equal-armed cross</rs> is carved on the upper side.</p></support>
</supportDesc>
<layoutDesc>
<layout>The inscription is positioned on the stone in a single, circular line around the edge, with the base of the letters towards the cross. A <rs type="decoration" ref="symbols.xml#initialCrosslet">small initial crosslet</rs> is positioned just before the text.</layout>
</layoutDesc>
</objectDesc>
<handDesc>
<handNote>According to <ref source="#CHA2006">Gifford Charles-Edwards (2006, 310)</ref>, who mistakenly named the location Killeany, this is <q>perhaps among the earliest examples to show the Irish fashion for extreme angularisation and use of mixed-alphabet letters. Minuscule triangular a, r, l and t, with angularised half-uncial h, n, and lentoid o. Two-line layout, h in height of i, b in height of minuscule r</q>.
<height><!--letter-heights--></height>
</handNote>
</handDesc>
</physDesc>
<history>
<origin>
<origPlace corresp="#findspot" ref="origPlace.xml#Templebrecan">
<placeName type="site">Templebrecan (<ref target="https://www.logainm.ie/en/1398978"><hi rend="italic">Teampall Bhreacáin</hi></ref>)</placeName>, in the townland of <placeName type="townland">Onaght (<hi rend="italic">Eoghanacht</hi>)</placeName>, <placeName type="island">Inishmore (<hi rend="italic">Árainn</hi>)</placeName>, <placeName
type="county">Co. Galway</placeName>,
<geo>53.145856, -9.777971</geo>.
</origPlace>
<origDate><!--?? century A.D--></origDate>
</origin>
<provenance type="found" when="1822"><p>Discovered by Petrie in 1822 inside the supposed tomb
of Saint Breccán, the church's presumed founder. <q>This is one of five [leacht] leabaí or grave-plots associated with <hi rend="italic">Teampall Bhreacáin</hi> (GA110-010001-) ['Breacán's church'] and Teampall an Phoill (GA110-010003-) [part of a wider ecclesiastical complex known as <hi rend="italic">na Seacht dTeampaill</hi> 'the Seven Churches']. This example, known as <hi rend="italic">Leaba Bhreacáin</hi> ['Breacán's bed/grave'], is to the SW of <hi rend="italic">Teampall Bhreacáin</hi>. It consists of a low subrectangular platform (c. 5.1m N-S; 4-5m E-W; H 0.35m) that is defined by a kerb of limestone blocks (T 0.12-0.38m). Eight cross slabs (GA110-023013- to GA110-023020-) are associated with it</q> (<ref source="https://maps.archaeology.ie/HistoricEnvironment/?SMRS=GA110-023001-">Archaeology.ie</ref>; <ref source="#WAD1973">Waddell 1973, 5-27</ref>; <ref target="https://monasticon.celt.dias.ie/showrecord.php?id=4597">Monasticon Hibernicum Database</ref>).
</p>
</provenance>
<provenance type="observed">National Museum of Ireland
</provenance>
</history>
</msDesc>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc>
<p>Encoded following EpiDoc guidelines 9.3</p>
<p>Taxonomies for EMII (Early Medieval Irish Inscriptions) controlled values??</p>
<!--<charDecl>
<!-\- <glyph xml:id="†">
<mapping type="standard">†</mapping>
<mapping type="simplified">(cross)</mapping>
<mapping type="g-london-diplomatic">†</mapping>
</glyph>-\->
</charDecl>-->
</encodingDesc>
<profileDesc>
<calendarDesc>
<calendar xml:id="julian">
<p>Julian Calendar</p>
</calendar>
</calendarDesc>
<langUsage>
<language ident="en">English</language>
<language ident="grc">Ancient Greek</language>
<language ident="la">Latin</language>
<language ident="sga-Latn">Old Irish written in latin script</language>
</langUsage>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="http://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/typeins.html">
<term ana="#function.prayer" ref="https://www.eagle-network.eu/voc/typeins/lod/85.html">Prayer</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
<revisionDesc status="draft">
<listChange>
<change when="2021-08-12" who="#NW">
Nora White created xml doc
</change>
<change when="2022-10-05" who="#NW">
Nora White replaced decoration type 'symbol' (cross) with new authority 'crosses' (ringed, Latin, etc)
</change>
<change when="2022-10-07" who="#NW">
Nora White updated ISO Irish language codes from 'ga-Latn' (Irish) to 'mga-Latn' (Middle Irish) and 'sga-Latn' (Old Irish)
</change>
</listChange>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
<facsimile>
<surface n="i"><desc>Cross-inscribed top of nodule</desc>
<graphic url="Templebrecan_pebble.jpg"><desc>Image courtesy of the National Museum of Ireland ©NMI (<ref target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">CC-BY-NC-SA</ref>)</desc></graphic>
</surface>
<surface><desc>Side view of nodule</desc>
<graphic url="Templebrecan_pebble2.jpg"><desc>Image courtesy of the National Museum of Ireland ©NMI (<ref target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">CC-BY-NC-SA</ref>)</desc></graphic>
</surface>
<surface><desc>Second side view of nodule</desc>
<graphic url="Templebrecan_pebble3.jpg"><desc>Image courtesy of the National Museum of Ireland ©NMI (<ref target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">CC-BY-NC-SA</ref>)</desc></graphic>
</surface>
</facsimile>
<text>
<body>
<div type="edition" xml:space="preserve" xml:lang="sga" resp="#NW">
<ab>
<lb n="1"/><g ref="symbols.xml#†">†</g><expan><w lemma="oróit" corresp="http://www.dil.ie/33938"><abbr><hi rend="supraline">OR</hi></abbr><ex>ÓIT</ex></w></expan><space unit="character" extent="1"/>
<w lemma="ar" corresp="http://www.dil.ie/3902">AR</w>
<persName><name nymRef="Bran" corresp="http://www.dil.ie/6537">BRAN</name></persName><space unit="character" extent="1"/>N<w lemma="Ailither" corresp="http://www.dil.ie/1031">AILITHER</w>
</ab>
</div>
<div type="apparatus">
<listApp>
<app loc="1">
<note>Read by <ref source="#MAC1949">Macalister (1949, 6)</ref> as: OR[OIT] ARBR[EC]AN NAILITHER 'a prayer for Brecán the pilgrim'.</note>
</app>
</listApp>
</div>
<div type="translation" xml:lang="en">
<p>A prayer on behalf of Bran the pilgrim</p>
</div>
<div type="commentary">
<list type="witDetail">
<item n="1"><p>Initial crosslets are common before texts on carved stone monuments and on metalwork, as well as in manuscripts, on the Continent and in Britain (<ref source="LIO1961">Lionard 1961, 101–2</ref>). In Ireland, they are attested from the later 7th/8th centuries (e.g., Toureen Peakaun) to the 12th century (e.g., the Cross of Cong). However, they are not as common as in Anglo-Saxon England (<ref source="OKA2001">Okasha and Forsyth 2001, 16</ref>).</p></item>
<item n="2"><p> The person named here, <hi rend="italic">Bran n-ailither</hi> 'Bran the pilgrim', has not been identified. Bran (meaning 'raven') is a very common name, and name element, in the early medieval period. <ref source="#PET1878">Petrie (1878, 20)</ref> noted that <q>on the mainland is a well, which still bears the title <hi rend="italic">Tobar Brain</hi></q>. The nasalisation of <hi rend="italic">ailither</hi> would suggest that <hi rend="italic">Bran</hi> here is in the accusitive case after the preposition <hi rend="italic">ar</hi>. which takes the accusitive or dative case.
</p></item>
<item n="2"><p><q>The identification of Inis Mór as a place of pilgrimage corroborates the pebble’s inscription as a prayer for a pilgrim named ‘Bran’, and the discovery of a number of smoothed stones in the grave, which is
interpreted as that of a saint (<ref source="#PET1878">Petrie 1878, 20</ref>), further establishes an act of a ritualistic deposition</q> (<ref source="#JOH2020">Johnson 2020, 239</ref>). <q>The inscription on the Inis Mór
pebble is paralleled in the prayer texts on portable Irish reliquaries in which prayers for
specific individuals are incised</q> (<ref source="#MIC1996">Michelli 1996, 1-48</ref>).</p></item></list>
</div>
<div type="bibliography">
<head>Bibliography</head>
<p>
<bibl><ptr target="#CHA2006"/>Charles-Edwards 2006,
<citedRange>310</citedRange>
</bibl>;
<bibl><ptr target="#HIG1987"/>Higgins 1987,
<citedRange>vol. 2, 268, no. 1</citedRange>
</bibl>;
<bibl><ptr target="#JOH2020"/>Johnson 2020,
<citedRange>239-40</citedRange>
</bibl>;
<bibl><ptr target="#MAC1949"/>Macalister 1949,
<citedRange>6, no.532</citedRange>
</bibl>;
<bibl><ptr target="#MIC1996"/>Michelli 1996,
<citedRange>1-48</citedRange>
</bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="#PET1878"/>Petrie 1878,
<citedRange>vol. 2, 20, Plate XII</citedRange>
</bibl>;
<bibl><ptr target="STO1903"/> Stokes and Strachan 1903,
<citedRange>286</citedRange>
</bibl>;
<bibl><ptr target="WAD1973"/> Waddell 1973,
<citedRange>5-27</citedRange>
</bibl>
</p>
</div>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>