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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta
name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"
/>
<title>Fun Adventures with the Event Loop</title>
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" />
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin />
<link
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Great+Vibes&display=swap"
rel="stylesheet"
/>
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" />
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin />
<link
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Great+Vibes&family=Raleway&display=swap"
rel="stylesheet"
/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/loops.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/common.css" />
<!-- Theme used for syntax highlighting of code -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/zenburn.css" />
<script src="js/reveal.js"></script>
<script>
const isNextSlide = (key) =>
key === "PageDown" || key === "ArrowRight" || key === " "
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section>
<div class="mask">
<svg class="title" viewBox="0 0 100 50" style="width: 80%">
<path
id="curve"
d="M 10 50 a 40 40 0 0 1 80 0"
fill="transparent"
/>
<text font-family="Great Vibes">
<textPath font-size=".8em" textLength="125" xlink:href="#curve">
Fun Adventures with
</textPath>
</text>
</svg>
</div>
<img
src="css/dinosaur-head.png"
style="
position: absolute;
transform: scale(0.3) translate(-160%, -200%);
"
/>
<h1 style="position: relative">The Event Loop</h1>
<div class="twitter">@erinjzimmer</div>
</section>
<section data-background-image="css/perth-concert-hall.JPG">
<div class="about-me">
<ul
style="
display: block;
align-self: center;
margin: 15px 40px;
padding: 0.5em;
"
>
<li class="fragment" data-fragment-index="1">Erin Zimmer</li>
<li class="fragment">twitter.com/ErinJZimmer</li>
<li class="fragment" style="margin-bottom: 0">
event-loop.ez.codes
</li>
</ul>
<div class="fragment cogent-logo" data-fragment-index="2">
<img width="200px" src="css/cash-app.svg" />
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2 style="font-size: 3.5em">What actually is the Event Loop?</h2>
</section>
<section data-state="web-apis">
<fieldset class="browser-internals">
<legend>The Browser</legend>
<div class="browser-bits">
<img
id="engine"
src="css/JavaScript-logo.png"
class="fragment"
style="margin-left: 0"
/>
<task-source type="network" class="fragment"></task-source>
<task-source type="timer" class="fragment"></task-source>
<task-source type="drive" class="fragment"></task-source>
<img
src="css/mouse-pointer.svg"
class="fragment"
style="margin: 0.75em"
/>
<div class="html fragment"></div>
<div id="web-apis" class="fragment">Web APIs</div>
</div>
</fieldset>
<script>
let lastItem
function highlightWebApis(event) {
if (
lastItem.classList.contains("current-fragment") &&
isNextSlide(event.key)
) {
event.stopPropagation()
document
.querySelector(".browser-internals")
.classList.add("web-apis")
document.body.removeEventListener("keydown", highlightWebApis)
}
}
Reveal.addEventListener("web-apis", () => {
lastItem = document.querySelector(
".browser-bits div.html.fragment"
)
document.body.addEventListener("keydown", highlightWebApis)
})
</script>
</section>
<section data-state="js-engine">
<fieldset class="browser-internals engine">
<legend>The Browser</legend>
<div class="browser-bits">
<img
id="engine"
src="css/JavaScript-logo.png"
style="margin-left: 0"
/>
<task-source type="network"></task-source>
<task-source type="timer"></task-source>
<task-source type="drive"></task-source>
<img src="css/mouse-pointer.svg" style="margin: 0.75em" />
<div class="html"></div>
<div id="engines" class="fragment">JavaScript Engine</div>
</div>
</fieldset>
<script>
function highlightJSEngine(event) {
if (isNextSlide(event.key)) {
event.stopPropagation()
document
.querySelector(".browser-internals.engine #engine")
.classList.add("highlighted")
document.body.removeEventListener("keydown", highlightJSEngine)
}
}
Reveal.addEventListener("js-engine", () => {
document.body.addEventListener("keydown", highlightJSEngine)
})
</script>
</section>
<section>
<div class="engine-logos">
<img class="fragment" src="css/v8-logo.png" />
<img
class="fragment"
src="css/edge-logo.png"
style="transform: scale(0.6)"
/>
<img class="fragment" src="css/squirrelfish.png" />
</div>
<img
class="fragment"
src="css/spider-monkey.jpg"
style="width: 80%"
/>
</section>
<section>
<div class="centred">
<div class="inverse big-text">Web APIs</div>
<div class="arrow-down">^</div>
<div class="uninverse big-text">JavaScript Engine</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code data-noescape class="js" style="font-size: 4em; overflow: hidden">
while (true) {
<span class="variable-name">task</span> = taskQueue.pop();
execute(<span class="variable-name">task</span>);
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<div class="list-and-image">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">What's a task?</li>
<li class="fragment">What's a task queue?</li>
<li class="fragment">
How do tasks<br />get in the task queue?
</li>
</ul>
<img src="css/Philosoraptor.jpg" />
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class="columns">
<pre><code>
<script>
const intrepidAdventurers = [
'Little Foot',
'Cera',
'Ducky',
'Petrie',
'Spike'
];
function rawr() {
console.log('rawr!')
}
intrepidAdventurers.forEach(rawr);
</script>
</code></pre>
<div class="arrow-right fragment" data-fragment-index="1">^</div>
<div class="task fragment" data-fragment-index="1"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<iframe
style="overflow: hidden"
src="http://localhost:3000/parser-only"
></iframe>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
<div style="font-size: 0.9em">
JavaScript, why are you like that?
</div>
</h2>
</section>
<section>
<h2>JavaScript is single-threaded</h2>
<div class="notes">
- But remember, the JS engine is only one part of the browser
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2><i>Browsers</i> are multi-threaded</h2>
<div class="notes">
As well as running your JavaScript, a browser could be - keeping
track of mouse and keyboard events - making network requests -
handling timers - disk operations And any of these things could be
generating tasks, via callbacks
</div>
</section>
<section>
<fieldset class="browser-internals">
<legend>The Browser</legend>
<div class="browser-bits">
<img
id="engine"
src="css/JavaScript-logo.png"
style="margin-left: 0"
/>
<task-source type="network"></task-source>
<task-source type="timer"></task-source>
<task-source type="drive"></task-source>
<img src="css/mouse-pointer.svg" style="margin: 0.75em" />
<div class="html"></div>
</div>
</fieldset>
</section>
<section>
<div class="notes">
In fact, this idea is the very heart of the asynchronous programming
we all know and love so much
</div>
<pre><code style="font-size: 3em">setTimeout(myCallbackFunction, 3000);</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin: 1em">
<div
class="quote fragment"
style="
text-align: left;
margin-bottom: 2em;
--quote-colour: var(--green);
"
>
Hey WebAPIs! Could you wait 3 seconds and then run my callback
function?
</div>
<div
class="quote fragment"
style="
text-align: left;
align-self: flex-end;
--quote-colour: var(--pink);
"
>
No worries! You keep doing your thing, I'll take care of this.
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<iframe src="http://localhost:3000/simple"></iframe>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code data-noescape class="js" style="font-size: 4em; overflow: hidden">
while (true) {
<span class="variable-name">task</span> = taskQueue.pop();
execute(<span class="variable-name">task</span>);
}
</code></pre>
<div class="notes">
So that's basically how tasks and task queues work. Of course, in
real life, it's a bit more complicated than that
</div>
</section>
<section data-background-image="css/mario.jpg">
<h2 class="heading-card">The Rendering Pipeline</h2>
</section>
<section>
<iframe src="http://localhost:3000/rendering-pipeline"></iframe>
</section>
<section class="center">
<img src="css/dino-jaw.gif" class="stretch border" />
<div class="notes">
Long running tasks will cause your browser to start dropping frames
and, much like this cat, your app just won't run right
</div>
</section>
<section class="center">
<pre><code style="font-size: 3em; overflow: hidden">function repeat(reps, action) {
for (let i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
action();
}
} </code></pre>
</section>
<section class="center">
<pre><code style="font-size: 3em; overflow: hidden">function repeat(reps, action) {
action();
if (--reps) {
setTimeout(() => repeat(reps, action));
}
} </code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code style="font-size: 3em; overflow: hidden" class="js">
/* job.js */
onmessage = function(e) {
for (let i = 0; i < e.data.reps; i++) {
e.data.action();
}
}</code></pre>
<pre><code style="font-size: 3em; overflow: hidden" class="js fragment">
/* app.js */
const worker = new Worker('job.js');
worker.postMessage(action, reps);
</code></pre>
<img src="css/Yoshi_Happy.png" class="yoshi fragment" />
</section>
<section>
<pre><code data-noescape class="js" style="font-size: 3.7em; overflow: hidden">
while (true) {
<span class="variable-name">task</span> = taskQueue.pop();
execute(<span class="variable-name">task</span>);
if (isRepaintTime()) repaint();
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<div class="spec-text" style="font-size: 2.5em">
An <u>event loop</u> has one or more <b>task queues.</b>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code>
bool did_work = delegate->DoWork();
if (!keep_running_)
break;
did_work |= delegate->DoDelayedWork(&delayed_work_time_);
if (!keep_running_)
break;
if (did_work)
continue;
did_work = delegate->DoIdleWork();
if (!keep_running_)
break;
</code></pre>
</section>
<section data-background-image="css/dinosaur-queues.jpg">
<h2 class="heading-card">Multiple task queues</h2>
</section>
<section>
<iframe src="http://localhost:3000/multiple-queues"></iframe>
</section>
<section>
<div style="font-size: 1.5em">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Queues can be executed in any order</li>
<li class="fragment">
Tasks in the same queue must be executed in the order they
arrived
</li>
<li class="fragment">
Tasks from the same source<br />
must go in the same queue
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code data-noescape class="js" style="font-size: 3.7em' overflow: hidden">
while (true) {
<span class="variable-name">queue</span> = getNextQueue();
<span class="variable-name">task</span> = <span class="variable-name">queue</span>.pop();
execute(<span class="variable-name">task</span>);
if (isRepaintTime()) repaint();
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section data-background-image="css/littlefoot-and-mum.jpg">
<h2 class="heading-card" style="position: relative; top: 20px">
Microtasks
</h2>
</section>
<section>
<div style="font-size: 3.8em">
A task that happens between a task and rendering
</div>
<div class="notes">
Between one task and the next, or between task and rendering
</div>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code>
const observer = new MutationObserver(callback);
const myElement = document.getElementById('stegosaurus');
observer.observe(myElement, ({ subtree: true }));
</code></pre>
<div class="notes">
Potentially lots of things happening Changes to DOM, want to run
things related to changing DOM before window renders again
</div>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code class="js" style="overflow: hidden">
const myPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { ... });
myPromise.then(callback).catch(errorCallback);
</code></pre>
<div class="notes">
Performance reasons Esp catch -> want error handling to happen after
stuff, but before anything else
</div>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code>
window.queueMicrotask(callback);
</code></pre>
<div class="notes">
generally intended for people writing frameworks
</div>
</section>
<section>
<iframe src="http://localhost:3000/microtasks"></iframe>
</section>
<section data-background-image="css/dinos-fightin.jpg">
<div style="display: flex">
<h2 class="heading-card" style="display: block; margin: auto">
<a href="infinite-timeouts.html">Tasks</a>
<div style="margin: 10px">vs</div>
<a href="infinite-promises.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"
>Microtasks</a
>
</h2>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<iframe src="http://localhost:3000/microtasks"></iframe>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code data-noescape class="js" style="font-size: 3.5em; overflow: hidden">
while (true) {
<span class="variable-name">queue</span> = getNextQueue();
<span class="variable-name">task</span> = <span class="variable-name">queue</span>.pop();
execute(<span class="variable-name">task</span>);
while (<span class="variable-name">microtaskQueue</span>.hasTasks())
doMicrotask();
if (isRepaintTime()) repaint();
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section data-background-image="css/ducky-walking.gif">
<h2 class="heading-card reverse" style="display: block">
Animation Frame Callback Queue
</h2>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code style="text-align: center; font-size: 3.7em; overflow: hidden">
requestAnimationFrame(callback);
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<iframe
style="border: none; overflow: hidden"
src="single-box-animation.html"
></iframe>
<div class="notes">
Why would we want to do this? Well, imagine we wanted to make a nice
animation of a box moving along a path.
</div>
</section>
<section>
<pre
style="font-size: 1.3em"
><code>while (box.style.right < screen.width) {
const elapsedTime = Date.now() - startTime;
box.style.left = calculateX(elapsedTime);
box.style.top = calculateY(elapsedTime)
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section data-transition="fade-in">
<div
style="
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background-color: rgb(var(--green));
position: fixed;
right: -50px;
"
></div>
<div class="notes">
If you did that, what you would get is this...
</div>
</section>
<section>
<pre
style="font-size: 1.3em"
><code class="js" data-noescape>function move() {
const elapsedTime = Date.now() - startTime;
box.style.left = calculateX(elapsedTime);
box.style.top = calculateY(elapsedTime);
if (box.style.right < screen.width)
<span style="color: rgb(var(--green))">setTimeout(move);</span>
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<iframe
id="timeout-animations"
style="width: 100%; min-height: 40vh; border: none"
src="http://localhost:3000/timeout-animation"
></iframe>
</section>
<section data-state="addTasks">
<div style="display: flex; align-items: center; margin-top: 200px">
<task-queue
id="too-many-tasks"
style="--queue-width: 200px; margin: auto"
></task-queue>
</div>
<script>
Reveal.addEventListener("addTasks", function () {
const tooManyTasks = document.getElementById("too-many-tasks")
for (let i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
if (!(i % 4)) tooManyTasks.addTask("necessary")
else tooManyTasks.addTask("unnecessary")
}
})
</script>
</section>
<section>
<pre
style="font-size: 1.3em"
><code class="js" data-noescape>function move() {
const elapsedTime = Date.now() - startTime;
box.style.left = calculateX(elapsedTime);
box.style.top = calculateY(elapsedTime);
if (x < screen.width)
<span style="color: rgb(var(--green))">requestAnimationFrame(move);</span>
}
}</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<iframe src="http://localhost:3000/animation"></iframe>
</section>
<section>
<iframe
style="width: 100%; min-height: 80vh; border: none"
src="animations.html"
></iframe>
</section>
<section>
<img
src="css/caniuse-requestAnimationFrame.png"
class="stretch shadow"
/>
</section>
<section>
<pre><code data-noescape class="js" style="font-size: 2.6em; overflow: hidden">
while (true) {
<span class="variable-name">queue</span> = getNextQueue();
<span class="variable-name">task</span> = <span class="variable-name">queue</span>.pop();
execute(<span class="variable-name">task</span>);
while (<span class="variable-name">microtaskQueue</span>.hasTasks())
doMicrotask();
if (isRepaintTime()) {
<span class="variable-name">animationTasks</span> = <span class="variable-name">animationQueue</span>.copyTasks();
for (<span class="variable-name">task</span> in <span class="variable-name">animationTasks</span>)
doAnimationTask(<span class="variable-name">task</span>);
repaint();
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Don't block rendering</li>
<li class="fragment">Promises beat tasks</li>
<li class="fragment">Animate with requestAnimationFrame</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<pre
style="
margin-top: -150px;
text-align: left;
line-height: 1.5;
font-size: 1.2em;
"
>
console.error node_modules/react-dom/cjs/react-dom.development.js:530
Warning: An update to MyComponent inside a test was not wrapped in act(...).
When testing, code that causes React state updates should be wrapped into act(...):
act(() => {
/* fire events that update state */
});
/* assert on the output */
This ensures that you're testing the behavior the user would see in the browser. Learn more at https://fb.me/react-wrap-tests-with-act
in MyComponent
</pre>
</section>
<section data-background-image="css/jurassic-park-raptors.jpg">
<h2 class="heading-card fragment" data-fragment-index="1">
Thanks! (rawr)
</h2>
<div
class="twitter fragment"
style="opacity: 0.9"
data-fragment-index="1"
>
@erinjzimmer
</div>
</section>
</div>
</div>
<script src="lib/js/head.min.js"></script>
<script>
// More info about config & dependencies:
// - https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js#configuration
// - https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js#dependencies
Reveal.initialize({
controls: false,
progress: false,
history: true,
dependencies: [
{ src: "plugin/markdown/marked.js" },
{ src: "plugin/markdown/markdown.js" },
{ src: "plugin/notes/notes.js", async: true },
{
src: "plugin/highlight/highlight.js",
async: true,
callback: function () {
hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad()
},
},
],
})
</script>
<template id="task-source">
<style>
:host {
--width: 8em;
--thickness: 12px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.thread {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: flex-start;
width: calc(var(--width) + var(--thickness) * 2);
position: absolute;
top: 100%;
}
.thread-item {
--size: calc(var(--width) / 2 + var(--thickness));
width: var(--size);
height: var(--size);
}
.shrinker {
transform: scale(0.4);
transform-origin: 20% top;
}
.html {
display: flex;
width: 10em;
}
.html::after {
content: "<script>\A...\A</script>";
font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 3.35vw;
margin: auto;
}
.browser {
background-image: url("css/mouse-pointer.svg");
background-size: contain;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
height: calc(var(--width) / 1.16);
width: calc(var(--width) / 2);
}
.timer {
--colour: white;
border: var(--thickness) solid var(--colour);
border-radius: 50%;
width: var(--width);
height: var(--width);
position: relative;
flex-shrink: 0;
transition: transform steps(12, end);
}
.timer::after {
content: "";
border: calc(var(--thickness) / 2) solid var(--colour);
background-color: var(--colour);
height: calc((var(--width) - var(--thickness)) / 2);
position: absolute;
left: calc(50% - var(--thickness) / 2);
}
.timer.go {
transform: rotate(1turn);
}
.network {
width: var(--width);
height: var(--width);
margin: auto;
background: repeating-radial-gradient(
circle at bottom left,
white,
white 9%,
transparent 9%,
transparent 18%
);
border-top-right-radius: 100%;
transform-origin: bottom left;
transform: translateX(50%) rotate(-0.125turn);
position: relative;
}
.network::after {
content: "";
display: block;
width: 18%;
height: 18%;
border-radius: 50%;
background-color: white;
position: absolute;
left: -4.5%;
bottom: -4.5%;
}
.thread .network {
animation: wifi 3s infinite steps(3);
}
@keyframes wifi {
from {
background: none;
}
33% {
background: radial-gradient(
circle at bottom left,
transparent,
transparent 18%,
white 18%,
white 27%,
transparent 27%
);
}
66% {
background: radial-gradient(
circle at bottom left,
transparent,
transparent 36%,
white 36%,
white 45%,
transparent 45%
);
}
to {
background: radial-gradient(
circle at bottom left,
transparent,
transparent 54%,
white 54%,
white 63%,
transparent 63%
);
}
}
.network:hover {
transform: translateX(50%) rotate(-0.125turn);
}
.drive {
width: var(--width);
height: calc(var(--width) * 1.4);
border: 12px solid white;
border-radius: 4px;
position: relative;
background: radial-gradient(
circle at 50% 40%,
transparent,
transparent 5%,
white 5%,
white 10%,
#f7df1e 10%,
grey 50%,
white 50%,
white calc(50% + 1px),
transparent 20%
),
radial-gradient(
circle at 30% 75%,
#334 20%,
white calc(20% + 4px),
transparent calc(20% + 4px)
);
}
.drive .arm {
--arm-height: calc(var(--width) * 0.5);
height: --arm-height;
border: 8px solid transparent;
border-bottom: white solid var(--arm-height);
box-sizing: border-box;
width: 8px;
position: absolute;
bottom: 20%;
left: calc(30% - 8px);
transform-origin: bottom;
transform: rotate(0.1turn);
animation: read-drive 2s infinite alternate linear;
animation-play-state: paused;
}
@keyframes read-drive {
from {
transform: rotate(0.09turn);
}
to {
transform: rotate(0.18turn);
}
}
.promise {
width: var(--width);
height: var(--width);
background-color: #f7df1e;
position: relative;
}
.promise::after {
content: "then";
position: absolute;
right: 5px;
bottom: 5px;
color: black;
font-size: 2em;
}
.animation {
width: var(--width);
height: var(--width);
background-image: url("css/cat.png");
background-size: contain;
}
.animation.running {
background-image: url("css/cat.gif");
}
.immediate::after {
content: "!";
font-weight: bold;
color: white;
font-size: 4em;
padding: 0 10px;
font-family: serif;
}
.next-tick {
width: var(--width);
height: var(--width);
display: flex;
border-radius: 50%;
}
.next-tick::after {
content: "";
display: block;
border: 10px solid green;
width: calc(var(--width) * 0.6);
height: calc(var(--width) * 0.3);
border-top-style: none;
border-right-style: none;
transform: rotate(-0.125turn);
margin: auto;
}
.postmessage {
width: var(--width);
height: calc(var(--width) / 1.4);
margin-top: calc(var(--width) * 0.3);
border: 4px solid white;
position: relative;
}
.postmessage::after {
content: "";
display: block;
border: inherit;
width: calc(var(--width) / 1.41 - 1.5px);
height: calc(var(--width) / 1.41 - 1.5px);
transform-origin: top left;
transform: rotate(-0.125turn);
position: absolute;
left: -2.5px;
top: -0.5px;
border-top: transparent;
border-right: transparent;
border-bottom-left-radius: 5px;
}
</style>
<div class="container"></div>
</template>
<script>
const taskSourceDocument = document.currentScript.ownerDocument
class TaskSource extends HTMLElement {
constructor() {
super()
this.shadow = this.attachShadow({ mode: "closed" })
const content = taskSourceDocument
.getElementById("task-source")
.content.cloneNode(true)
this.shadow.appendChild(content)
this.type = this.attributes.type.value
this.container = this.shadow.querySelector(".container")
this.source = document.createElement("div")
this.source.classList.add(this.type)
this.container.appendChild(this.source)
this.thread = document.createElement("div")
this.thread.classList.add("thread")
this.container.appendChild(this.thread)
if (this.type === "drive") {
this.arm = document.createElement("div")
this.arm.classList.add("arm")
this.source.appendChild(this.arm)
}
}
connectedCallback() {
const syncTasks = [
"html",
"browser",