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	  </ul>
	  <ol class="chapters">
	    <li><a href="Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
	    <li><a href="Syntax">Syntax</a></li>
	    <li><a href="Program_Structure">Program Structure</a></li>
	    <li><a href="Program_Control">Program Control</a></li>
	    <li><a href="Types_and_Classes">Types and Classes</a></li>
	    <li><a href="Functions">Functions</a></li>
	    <li><a href="Conditions">Conditions</a></li>
	    <li><a href="Collections">Collections</a></li>
	    <li><a href="Sealing">Sealing</a></li>
	    <li><a href="Macros">Macros</a></li>
	    <li><a href="Built-In_Classes">The Built-In Classes</a></li>
	    <li class="current parent"><a href="Built-In_Functions">The Built-In Functions</a>
	      <ul class="sections">
		<li><a href="Built-In_Functions_Overview">Overview</a></li>
		<li><a href="Constructing_and_Initializing_Instances">Constructing and Initializing Instances</a></li>
		<li><a href="Equality_and_Comparison">Equality and Comparison</a></li>
		<li><a href="Arithmetic_Operations">Arithmetic Operations</a></li>
		<li id="current"><span>Coercing and Copying Objects</span>
		  <ul class="page-TOC">
		    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-2"><code>identity</code><span class="attributes-summary"> [Function]</span></a></li>
		    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-8"><code>values</code><span class="attributes-summary"> [Function]</span></a></li>
		    <li class="subsections"><a href="#HEADING-101-15">General Coercion Function</a>
		      <ul>
			<li><a href="#HEADING-101-16"><code>as</code><span class="attributes-summary"> [Open Generic Function]</span></a>
			  <ul class="gf-methods">
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-24"><code>as</code>  <var>collection-type collection</var>   &rArr;  <var>instance-of-collection-type</var><span class="attributes-summary"> [G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-26"><code>as</code>   (singleton (&lt;integer&gt;)) character   &rArr;  integer <span class="attributes-summary">[Sealed G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-28"><code>as</code>   (singleton (&lt;character&gt;)) integer   &rArr;  character <span class="attributes-summary">[Sealed G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-30"><code>as</code>   (singleton (&lt;symbol&gt;)) string   &rArr;  symbol <span class="attributes-summary">[Sealed G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-33"><code>as</code>   (singleton (&lt;string&gt;)) symbol   &rArr;  string <span class="attributes-summary">[Sealed G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			  </ul>
			</li>
		      </ul>
		    </li>
		    <li class="subsections"><a href="#HEADING-101-36">Coercing Case</a>
		      <ul>
			<li><a href="#HEADING-101-37"><code>as-uppercase</code><span class="attributes-summary"> [Open Generic Function]</span></a>
			  <ul class="gf-methods">
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-44"><code>as-uppercase</code>   <var>character</var>   &rArr;  <var>uppercase-character</var><span class="attributes-summary"> [Sealed G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-46"><code>as-uppercase</code>   <var>string</var> &rArr;  <var>new-string</var><span class="attributes-summary"> [G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			  </ul>
			</li>
			<li><a href="#HEADING-101-48"><code>as-uppercase!</code><span class="attributes-summary"> [Open Generic Function]</span></a>
			  <ul class="gf-methods">
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-55"><code>as-uppercase!</code>   <var>string</var> &rArr;  <var>string</var><span class="attributes-summary"> [G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			  </ul>
			</li>
			<li><a href="#HEADING-101-57"><code>as-lowercase</code><span class="attributes-summary"> [Open Generic Function]</span></a>
			  <ul class="gf-methods">
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-64"><code>as-lowercase</code>   <var>character</var>   &rArr;  <var>lowercase-character</var><span class="attributes-summary"> [Sealed G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-66"><code>as-lowercase</code>   <var>string</var> &rArr;  <var>new-string</var><span class="attributes-summary"> [G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			  </ul>
			</li>
			<li><a href="#HEADING-101-68"><code>as-lowercase!</code><span class="attributes-summary"> [Open Generic Function]</span></a>
			  <ul class="gf-methods">
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-75"><code>as-lowercase!</code>   <var>string</var> &rArr;  <var>string</var><span class="attributes-summary"> [G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			  </ul>
			</li>
		      </ul>
		    </li>
		    <li class="subsections"><a href="#HEADING-101-77">Copying Objects</a>
		      <ul>
			<li><a href="#HEADING-101-78"><code>shallow-copy</code><span class="attributes-summary"> [Open Generic Function]</span></a>
			  <ul class="gf-methods">
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-85"><code>shallow-copy</code>   <var>collection</var>  &rArr;  <var>new-collection</var><span class="attributes-summary"> [G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			  </ul>
			</li>
			<li><a href="#HEADING-101-87"><code>type-for-copy</code><span class="attributes-summary"> [Open Generic Function]</span></a>
			  <ul class="gf-methods">
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-94"><code>type-for-copy</code>   <var>object</var> &rArr;  <var>type</var><span class="attributes-summary"> [G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-96"><code>type-for-copy</code>   <var>mutable-collection</var> &rArr;  <var>type</var><span class="attributes-summary"> [G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-98"><code>type-for-copy</code>   <var>limited-collection</var> &rArr;  <var>type</var><span class="attributes-summary"> [Sealed G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-104"><code>type-for-copy</code>   range &rArr;  &lt;list&gt; <span class="attributes-summary">[Sealed G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			    <li><a href="#HEADING-101-106"><code>type-for-copy</code>   limited-range &rArr;  &lt;list&gt; <span class="attributes-summary">[Sealed G.F. Method]</span></a></li>
			  </ul>
			</li>
		      </ul>
		    </li>
		  </ul>
		</li>
		<li><a href="Collection_Operations">Collection Operations</a></li>
		<li><a href="Reflective_Operations_on_Types">Reflective Operations on Types</a></li>
		<li><a href="Functional_Operations">Functional Operations</a></li>
		<li><a href="Function_Application">Function Application</a></li>
		<li><a href="Reflective_Operations_on_Functions">Reflective Operations on Functions</a></li>
		<li><a href="Operations_on_Conditions">Operations on Conditions</a></li>
	      </ul>
	    </li>
	    <li><a href="Other_Built-In_Objects">Other Built-In Objects</a></li>
	    <li><a href="Built-In_Macros_and_Special_Definitions">The Built-In Macros and Special Definitions</a></li>
	  </ol>
	  <ol class="appendices">
	    <li><a href="BNF">BNF</a></li>
	    <li><a href="Exported_Names">Exported Names</a></li>
	  </ol>
	  <ul class="back-matter">
	    <li><a href="Glossary">Glossary</a></li>
	    <li><a href="Index">Index</a></li>
	    <li><a href="Colophon">Colophon</a></li>
	  </ul>
	  <ul class="errata">
	    <li><a href="Errata">Errata</a></li>
	  </ul>
	</div>
      </div>

      <hr />

    </div>

    <div id="content">
      <div id="section-header">
	<p id="section-prefix">Chapter 12</p>
	<p id="section-name">The Built-In Functions</p>
      </div>

      <a name="HEADING-101-0"></a>
      <a name="UID-Built-In_Functions-19913"></a>
      <h1 class="section-title"><a name="IX-1674">Coercing and Copying Objects</a></h1>
      <p>The following functions are used to coerce, copy, or simply return objects.</p>
      <a name="HEADING-101-2"></a>
      <h4 class="item-title" id="identity"><a class="here" title="Link to here" href="#identity"></a> <span class="signature"><code id="IX-1675">identity</code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Function]</span></h4>
      <hr class="item-title" />
      <p class="short-description"><code><a name="XREF-1676"></a></code>Returns its argument.</p>
      <dl class="Cliche">
	<dt><span>Signature:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p class="signature">
	    <code>identity <var>object</var> </code>
	    &rArr;<code> <var>object</var></code>
	  </p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Arguments:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>object</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>An instance of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt class="Cliche2"><span>Values:</span></dt>
	<dd class="Cliche2">
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>object</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>An instance of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>; the same object that was passed in as
		an argument.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Description:</span></dt>
	<dd><p>Returns <var>object</var> unaltered.</p></dd>
      </dl>
      <a name="HEADING-101-8"></a>
      <h4 class="item-title" id="values"><a class="here" title="Link to here" href="#values"></a> <span class="signature"><code id="IX-1677">values</code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Function]</span></h4>
      <hr class="item-title" />
      <p class="short-description">Returns its arguments as <a name="IX-1678">multiple values</a>.</p>
      <dl class="Cliche">
	<dt><span>Signature:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p class="signature">
	    <code>values #rest <var>the-values</var> </code>
	    &rArr;<code> #rest <var>the-values</var></code>
	  </p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Arguments:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>the-values</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>Zero or more instances of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt class="Cliche2"><span>Values:</span></dt>
	<dd class="Cliche2">
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>the-values</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>Zero or more instances of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>; the objects that were passed
		as arguments.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Description:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p>Returns <var>the-values</var> as multiple values.</p>
	  <pre class="code">
values(1, 2, 3)
 &rArr; 1    // first value returned
    2    // second value returned
    3    // third value returned</pre>
	</dd>
      </dl>
      <a name="HEADING-101-15"></a>
      <a name="UID-Built-In_Functions-25384"></a>
      <h2 class="subsection-title">General Coercion Function</h2>
      <a name="HEADING-101-16"></a>
      <h4 class="item-title" id="as"><a class="here" title="Link to here" href="#as"></a> <span class="signature"><code id="IX-1679">as</code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Open Generic Function]</span></h4>
      <hr class="item-title" />
      <p class="short-description"><code><a name="XREF-1680"></a></code>Coerces an object to a type.</p>
      <dl class="Cliche">
	<dt><span>Signature:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p class="signature">
	    <code>as <var>type object</var> </code>
	    &rArr;<code> <var>instance</var></code>
	  </p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Arguments:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>type</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>An instance of <code>&lt;type&gt;</code>.</p>
	    </dd>
	    <dt><var>object</var></dt>
	    <dd><p>An instance of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>.</p></dd>
	</dl></dd>
	<dt><span>Values:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>instance</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>An instance of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>. It must be an instance of <var>type</var>.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Description:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p>Coerces <var>object</var> to <var>type</var>. That is, it returns an instance
	    of <var>type</var> that has the same contents as <var>object</var>. If <var>object</var>
	    is already an instance of <var>type</var>, it is returned unchanged. In general, the
	    value returned may or may not be freshly allocated.</p>
	  <p>Predefined methods allow coercion between integers and characters, between strings and
	    symbols, and between collection types. No methods are predefined for other
	    classes. Programs may define additional methods.</p>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-24"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>as <var>collection-type collection</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> <var>instance-of-collection-type</var></code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>When converting between collection types, the return value will have the same number of
	    elements as <var>collection</var>. If the <var>collection</var> is an instance
	    of <code>&lt;sequence&gt;</code> and the <var>collection-type</var> is a subtype
	    of <code>&lt;sequence&gt;</code>, the elements will be in the same order. The individual
	    elements may also undergo some conversion. The specific collection types for
	    which <code>as</code> is defined is implementation defined.</p>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-26"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>as <em>(singleton (&lt;integer&gt;))</em> <var>character</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> <var>integer</var></code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Sealed G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>This method on <code>as</code> returns a numeric equivalent
	    for <var>character</var>. The integer returned is implementation dependent.</p>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-28"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>as <em>(singleton (&lt;character&gt;))</em> <var>integer</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> <var>character</var></code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Sealed G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>This method on <code>as</code> returns the character equivalent
	    to <var>integer</var>. The meaning of <var>integer</var> is implementation dependent.</p>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-30"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>as <em>(singleton (&lt;symbol&gt;))</em> <var>string</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> <var>symbol</var></code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Sealed G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>This method on <code>as</code> returns the symbol that has the
	    name <var>string</var>. If the symbol does not yet exist, it is created. This method
	    on <code>as</code> will always return the same symbol for strings of the same
	    characters, without regard to alphabetic case.</p>
	  <pre class="code">
as(&lt;symbol&gt;, "foo")
<code> &rArr;</code>  #"foo"
#"FOO" == as(&lt;symbol&gt;, "foo")
<code> &rArr;</code>  #t
#"Foo"
<code> &rArr;</code>  #"foo"</pre>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-33"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>as <em>(singleton (&lt;string&gt;))</em> <var>symbol</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> <var>string</var></code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Sealed G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>This method on <code>as</code> returns the name of the symbol, which will be a
	  string.</p>
	  <pre class="code">
as(&lt;string&gt;, #"Foo")
<code> &rArr;</code>  "Foo"</pre>
	</dd>
      </dl>
      <a name="IX-1681"></a>
      <a name="HEADING-101-36"></a>
      <a name="UID-Built-In_Functions-2983"></a>
      <h2 class="subsection-title">Coercing Case</h2>
      <a name="HEADING-101-37"></a>
      <h4 class="item-title" id="as-uppercase"><a class="here" title="Link to here" href="#as-uppercase"></a> <span class="signature"><code id="IX-1682">as-uppercase</code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Open Generic Function]</span></h4>
      <hr class="item-title" />
      <p class="short-description"><a name="XREF-1683">Coerces an object to uppercase.</a></p>
      <dl class="Cliche">
	<dt><span>Signature:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p class="signature">
	    <code>as-uppercase <var>object1</var> </code>
	    &rArr;<code> <var>object2</var></code>
	  </p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Arguments:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>object1</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>An instance of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Values:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>object2</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>An instance of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Description:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p>Coerces an object to uppercase and returns the resulting new object.</p>
	  <p><var>object1</var> is not modified by this operation.</p>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-44"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>as-uppercase <var>character</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> <var>uppercase-character</var></code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Sealed G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>This method returns the uppercase equivalent
	    for <var>character</var>. If <var>character</var> already is uppercase or does not exist
	    in two cases, it is returned unchanged.</p>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-46"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>as-uppercase <var>string</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> <var>new-string</var></code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>This method is equivalent to <code>map(as-uppercase, <var>string</var>)</code>.</p>
	</dd>
      </dl>
      <a name="HEADING-101-48"></a>
      <h4 class="item-title" id="as-uppercase."><a class="here" title="Link to here" href="#as-uppercase."></a> <span class="signature"><code id="IX-1684">as-uppercase!</code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Open Generic Function]</span></h4>
      <hr class="item-title" />
      <p class="short-description"><a name="XREF-1685">Coerces an object to uppercase in place.</a></p>
      <dl class="Cliche">
	<dt><span>Signature:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p class="signature">
	    <code>as-uppercase! <var>object</var> </code>
	    &rArr;<code> <var>object</var></code>
	  </p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Arguments:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>object</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>An instance of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt class="Cliche2"><span>Values:</span></dt>
	<dd class="Cliche2">
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>object</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>An instance of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>; the same object that was passed in as
		an argument.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Description:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p>Coerces an object to uppercase in place and returns the modified object.</p>
	  <p><var>object</var> may be modified by this operation, and the result will
	    be <code>==</code> to the <var>object</var>.</p>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-55"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>as-uppercase! <var>string</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> <var>string</var></code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>This method is equivalent to <code>map-into(<var>string</var>,
	      as-uppercase, <var>string</var>)</code>.</p>
	</dd>
      </dl>
      <a name="HEADING-101-57"></a>
      <h4 class="item-title" id="as-lowercase"><a class="here" title="Link to here" href="#as-lowercase"></a> <span class="signature"><code id="IX-1686">as-lowercase</code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Open Generic Function]</span></h4>
      <hr class="item-title" />
      <p class="short-description"><a name="XREF-1687">Coerces an object to lowercase.</a></p>
      <dl class="Cliche">
	<dt><span>Signature:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p class="signature">
	    <code>as-lowercase <var>object1</var> </code>
	    &rArr;<code> <var>object2</var></code>
	  </p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Arguments:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>object1</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>An instance of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Values:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>object2</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>An instance of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Description:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p>Coerces an object to lowercase and returns the resulting new object.</p>
	  <p><var>object1</var> will not be modified by this operation.</p>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-64"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>as-lowercase <var>character</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> <var>lowercase-character</var></code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Sealed G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>The <code>&lt;character&gt;</code> method on <code>as-lowercase</code> returns the
	    lowercase equivalent for <var>character</var>. If <var>character</var> already is
	    lowercase or does not exist in two cases, it is returned unchanged.</p>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-66"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>as-lowercase <var>string</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> <var>new-string</var></code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>This method is equivalent to <code>map(as-lowercase, <var>string</var>)</code>.</p>
	</dd>
      </dl>
      <a name="HEADING-101-68"></a>
      <h4 class="item-title" id="as-lowercase."><a class="here" title="Link to here" href="#as-lowercase."></a> <span class="signature"><code id="IX-1688">as-lowercase!</code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Open Generic Function]</span></h4>
      <hr class="item-title" />
      <p class="short-description"><a name="IX-1671">Coerces an object to lowercase in place.</a></p>
      <dl class="Cliche">
	<dt><span>Signature:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p class="signature">
	    <code>as-lowercase! <var>object</var> </code>
	    &rArr;<code> <var>object</var></code>
	  </p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Arguments:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>object</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>An instance of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt class="Cliche2"><span>Values:</span></dt>
	<dd class="Cliche2">
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>object</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>An instance of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>; the same object that was passed in as
		an argument.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Description:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p>Coerces an object to lowercase in place and returns the modified object.</p>
	  <p><var>object</var> may be modified by this operation, and the result will
	    be <code>==</code> to the <var>object</var>.</p>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-75"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>as-lowercase! <var>string</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> <var>string</var></code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>This method is equivalent to <code>map-into(<var>string</var>, as-lowercase, <var>string</var>)</code>.<a name="IX-1690"></a></p>
	</dd>
      </dl>
      <a name="HEADING-101-77"></a>
      <a name="UID-Built-In_Functions-2996"></a>
      <h2 class="subsection-title">Copying Objects</h2>
      <a name="HEADING-101-78"></a>
      <h4 class="item-title" id="shallow-copy"><a class="here" title="Link to here" href="#shallow-copy"></a> <span class="signature"><code id="IX-1691">shallow-copy</code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Open Generic Function]</span></h4>
      <hr class="item-title" />
      <p class="short-description"><a name="XREF-1692">Returns a copy of its argument.</a></p>
      <dl class="Cliche">
	<dt><span>Signature:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p class="signature">
	    <code>shallow-copy <var>object1</var> </code>
	    &rArr;<code> #rest <var>objects</var></code>
	  </p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Arguments:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>object1</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>An instance of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Values:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>objects</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>Instances of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Description:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p>Returns a new object that has the same contents as <var>object1</var>. The contents are
	    not copied but are the same objects contained in <var>object1</var>.</p>
	  <p>There is a predefined method for instances of <code>&lt;collection&gt;</code>. For
	    other classes, the programmer must provide a method.</p>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-85"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>shallow-copy <var>collection</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> <var>new-collection</var></code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>The method for <code>&lt;collection&gt;</code> creates a new object by
	    calling <code>make</code> on the <code>type-for-copy</code> of <var>collection</var> and
	    filling it with the same elements as <var>collection</var>.</p>
	</dd>
      </dl>
      <a name="HEADING-101-87"></a>
      <h4 class="item-title" id="type-for-copy"><a class="here" title="Link to here" href="#type-for-copy"></a> <span class="signature"><code id="IX-1693">type-for-copy</code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Open Generic Function]</span></h4>
      <hr class="item-title" />
      <p class="short-description"><a name="XREF-1694">Returns an appropriate type for
	creating mutable copies of its argument.</a></p>
      <dl class="Cliche">
	<dt><span>Signature:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p class="signature">
	    <code>type-for-copy <var>object</var> </code>
	    &rArr;<code> <var>type</var></code>
	  </p>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Arguments:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>object</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>An instance of <code>&lt;object&gt;</code>.</p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt class="Cliche2"><span>Values:</span></dt>
	<dd class="Cliche2">
	  <dl>
	    <dt><var>type</var></dt>
	    <dd>
              <p>An instance of <code>&lt;type&gt;.</code></p>
	    </dd>
	  </dl>
	</dd>
	<dt><span>Description:</span></dt>
	<dd>
	  <p>Returns an appropriate type for creating mutable copies of <var>object</var>.</p>
	  <p>The <code>type-for-copy</code> value of a collection must be an instantiable subtype
	    of <code>&lt;mutable-collection&gt;</code>. For collections that are themselves mutable,
	    the collection's actual class is generally the most appropriate (assuming it is
	    instantiable). The <code>type-for-copy</code> value for a sequence should be a subtype
	    of <code>&lt;sequence&gt;</code>, and the <code>type-for-copy</code> value of an
	    explicit-key-collection should be a subtype
	    of <code>&lt;explicit-key-collection&gt;</code>.</p>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-94"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>type-for-copy <var>object</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> <var>type</var></code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>The method on <code>&lt;object&gt;</code> returns the result of
	    calling <code>object-class</code> on the <var>object</var>.</p>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-96"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>type-for-copy <var>mutable-collection</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> <var>type</var></code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>The method on <code>&lt;mutable-collection&gt;</code> returns the result of
	    calling <code>object-class</code> on the <var>mutable-collection</var>.</p>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-98"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>type-for-copy <var>limited-collection</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> <var>type</var></code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Sealed G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>For a type <var>L<em><sub>1</sub></em></var> created by <code>limited(<var>C</var>,
	      of: <var>T</var>, size: <var>S</var>)</code> where <var>C</var> is
	    not <code>&lt;range&gt;</code>, <code>type-for-copy</code> of an object made by
	    instantiating <var>L<em><sub>1</sub></em></var> returns a
	    type <var>L<em><sub>2</sub></em></var> that satisfies each of the following:</p>
	  <ul>
	    <li><var>L<em><sub>2</sub></em></var> is either a class or a limited collection type.</li>
	    <li><var>L<em><sub>2</sub></em></var> is a subtype of <var>C</var>.</li>
	    <li><var>L<em><sub>2</sub></em></var>'s element type is equivalent to <var>T</var>.</li>
	    <li>If <var>L<em><sub>2</sub></em></var> is a limited collection type, its size attribute is <code>#f</code>.</li>
	  </ul>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-104"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>type-for-copy <var>range</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> &lt;list&gt;</code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Sealed G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>The method on <code>&lt;range&gt;</code> returns <code>&lt;list&gt;</code>.</p>
	  <a name="HEADING-101-106"></a>
	  <h5 class="method-signature"><span class="signature"><code>type-for-copy <var>limited-range</var> </code>
	      &rArr;<code> &lt;list&gt;</code></span> <span class="attributes-summary">[Sealed G.F. Method]</span></h5>
	  <p>The method on instances
	    of <code>limited(singleton(&lt;range&gt;)</code>&hellip;<code>)</code>
	    returns <code>&lt;list&gt;</code>, the same as for any instance
	    of <code>&lt;range&gt;</code>.<a name="IX-1695"></a></p>
	</dd>
      </dl>

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      <hr />
      <address>The Dylan Reference Manual - 7 Apr 1998</address>
      <p id="navigation-footer">
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	<a class="start" accesskey="s" title="Start of Book" href="Title"><span>Start</span></a>
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	<a class="index" accesskey="i" title="Index" href="Index"><span>Index</span></a>
      </p>
      <p>Copyright Apple Computer, Inc. 1996. Apple&reg; and the Apple logo are registered
	trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used with permission. All Rights Reserved.</p>
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