Add new NumberStyles option to stop parsing on invalid characte

[tannergooding]

This is a continuation of #123944, now that I had a chance to finish getting copilot to respond to the feedback, which was namely just tests. The original commit (product code) is still the original which was done by hand.

This resolves #87171

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Adds support for parsing numeric prefixes (stopping at the first invalid character) via a new NumberStyles.AllowTrailingInvalidCharacters flag, and introduces TryParse overloads that report how many UTF-16 chars / UTF-8 bytes were consumed. The change updates the CoreLib parsing pipelines and extends coverage across built-in numeric types plus BigInteger and Complex, with broad new tests.

Changes:

• Add NumberStyles.AllowTrailingInvalidCharacters and plumb “consumed count” (charsConsumed / bytesConsumed) through numeric parsing implementations.
• Add/override new TryParse(..., out int consumed) APIs across numeric types (CoreLib, Numerics) and update ref assemblies accordingly.
• Add extensive tests validating consumed counts and behavior for trailing invalid characters (including UTF-8 overloads in many cases).

Show a summary per file

File	Description
src/libraries/System.Runtime/tests/System.Runtime.Tests/System/UInt64Tests.cs	Adds tests for AllowTrailingInvalidCharacters including consumed-count validation.
src/libraries/System.Runtime/tests/System.Runtime.Tests/System/UInt32Tests.cs	Adds tests for AllowTrailingInvalidCharacters including consumed-count validation.
src/libraries/System.Runtime/tests/System.Runtime.Tests/System/UInt16Tests.cs	Adds tests for AllowTrailingInvalidCharacters including UTF-8 cases.
src/libraries/System.Runtime/tests/System.Runtime.Tests/System/SingleTests.cs	Adds tests for float parsing with trailing invalid characters and consumed counts.
src/libraries/System.Runtime/tests/System.Runtime.Tests/System/SByteTests.cs	Adds tests for sbyte parsing with trailing invalid characters and consumed counts.
src/libraries/System.Runtime/tests/System.Runtime.Tests/System/Int64Tests.cs	Adds tests for long parsing with trailing invalid characters and consumed counts.
src/libraries/System.Runtime/tests/System.Runtime.Tests/System/Int32Tests.cs	Adds broad tests for int parsing behavior/consumption across styles/cultures.
src/libraries/System.Runtime/tests/System.Runtime.Tests/System/Int16Tests.cs	Adds tests for short parsing with trailing invalid characters and consumed counts.
src/libraries/System.Runtime/tests/System.Runtime.Tests/System/HalfTests.cs	Adds tests for Half parsing with trailing invalid characters and consumed counts.
src/libraries/System.Runtime/tests/System.Runtime.Tests/System/DoubleTests.cs	Adds tests for double parsing with trailing invalid characters and consumed counts.
src/libraries/System.Runtime/tests/System.Runtime.Tests/System/DecimalTests.cs	Adds tests for decimal parsing with trailing invalid characters and consumed counts.
src/libraries/System.Runtime/tests/System.Runtime.Tests/System/Decimal64Tests.cs	Adds tests for Decimal64 parsing with trailing invalid characters and consumed counts.
src/libraries/System.Runtime/tests/System.Runtime.Tests/System/Decimal32Tests.cs	Adds tests for Decimal32 parsing with trailing invalid characters and consumed counts.
src/libraries/System.Runtime/tests/System.Runtime.Tests/System/Decimal128Tests.cs	Adds tests for Decimal128 parsing with trailing invalid characters and consumed counts.
src/libraries/System.Runtime/tests/System.Runtime.Tests/System/ByteTests.cs	Adds tests for byte parsing with trailing invalid characters and consumed counts.
src/libraries/System.Runtime/ref/System.Runtime.cs	Updates public surface: new NumberStyles flag + new TryParse(..., out int consumed) APIs (including on primitives and INumberBase<TSelf>).
src/libraries/System.Runtime.Numerics/tests/ComplexTests.cs	Adds tests validating Complex.TryParse consumed-count behavior under the new flag.
src/libraries/System.Runtime.Numerics/tests/BigInteger/parse.cs	Adds tests validating BigInteger.TryParse consumed-count behavior under the new flag.
src/libraries/System.Runtime.Numerics/src/System/Numerics/Complex.cs	Extends Complex.TryParse to support consumed counts and trailing invalid characters after the closing bracket.
src/libraries/System.Runtime.Numerics/src/System/Numerics/BigInteger.cs	Adds consumed-count TryParse overloads; wires into updated Number.TryParseBigInteger parsing entry points.
src/libraries/System.Runtime.Numerics/src/System/Number.Polyfill.cs	Changes whitespace helper to report how many elements were consumed (for generic UTF parsing).
src/libraries/System.Runtime.Numerics/src/System/Number.BigInteger.cs	Adds AllowTrailingInvalidCharacters support to BigInteger parsing (including hex/binary) and tracks consumed counts.
src/libraries/System.Runtime.Numerics/src/Resources/Strings.resx	Updates error string for invalid hex/binary style combinations to include the new flag.
src/libraries/System.Runtime.Numerics/ref/System.Runtime.Numerics.cs	Updates Numerics ref surface for BigInteger/Complex new TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads.
src/libraries/System.Runtime.InteropServices/ref/System.Runtime.InteropServices.cs	Updates ref surface for NFloat new TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Version.cs	Updates to new TryParseBinaryIntegerStyle(..., out int consumed) signature.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/UIntPtr.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads for nuint.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/UInt64.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads and threads through new parsing entry points.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/UInt32.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads and threads through new parsing entry points.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/UInt16.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads and threads through new parsing entry points.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/UInt128.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads and threads through new parsing entry points.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Single.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads; updates float parser callsites to new signature.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/SByte.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads and threads through new parsing entry points.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Runtime/InteropServices/NFloat.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads for NFloat.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Numerics/INumberBase.cs	Adds DIM overloads TryParse(..., out int consumed) for string/span/utf8.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Numerics/Decimal64.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads; updates decimal IEEE754 parser calls.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Numerics/Decimal32.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads; updates decimal IEEE754 parser calls.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Numerics/Decimal128.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads; updates decimal IEEE754 parser calls.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Numerics/BFloat16.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads; updates float parser calls.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Number.Parsing.cs	Core parsing changes: plumb elementsConsumed through integer/float/decimal parsing and implement stop-on-invalid behavior.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/IntPtr.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads for nint.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Int64.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads and threads through new parsing entry points.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Int32.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads and threads through new parsing entry points.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Int16.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads and threads through new parsing entry points.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Int128.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads and threads through new parsing entry points.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Half.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads; updates float parser calls.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Guid.cs	Updates GUID parsing helper callsite for new hex/binary parse entry point signature.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Globalization/NumberStyles.cs	Adds AllowTrailingInvalidCharacters flag to NumberStyles.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Globalization/NumberFormatInfo.cs	Updates style validation to allow AllowTrailingInvalidCharacters in hex/binary style combinations.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Enum.cs	Updates enum parsing numeric path to new TryParseBinaryIntegerStyle(..., out int consumed) signature.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Double.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads; updates float parser calls.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Decimal.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads for decimal (and wires into new parsing entry points).
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Char.cs	Adds explicit INumberBase<char>.TryParse(..., out int consumed) implementations.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Byte.cs	Adds TryParse(..., out int consumed) overloads and threads through new parsing entry points.
src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/Resources/Strings.resx	Updates invalid-hex/binary style error text to include the new flag.
src/libraries/Common/src/System/Number.Parsing.Common.cs	Common parsing changes: return elementsConsumed from TryStringToNumber / core scanner and support early-stop behavior.

Copilot's findings

• Files reviewed: 56/56 changed files
• Comments generated: 5

[PranavSenthilnathan]

The comment seems wrong here. Trailing nulls aren't incrementing index/elementsConsumed so they aren't being counted as consumed.