Fix non-determinism in Regex source generator (#78103)

* Fix non-determinism in Regex source generator

The source generator enumerates a Hashtable to write out its contents.  When the keys of the Hashtable are strings, string hash code randomization may result in the order of that enumeration being different in different processes, leading to non-deterministic ordering of values written out and thus non-deterministic source generator output.

* Address PR feedback

Author: stephentoub

src/libraries/System.Text.RegularExpressions/gen/RegexGenerator.Emitter.cs

@@ -123,13 +123,13 @@ private static void EmitRegexDerivedImplementation(
             if (rm.Tree.CaptureNumberSparseMapping is not null)
             {
                 writer.Write("        base.Caps = new Hashtable {");
-                AppendHashtableContents(writer, rm.Tree.CaptureNumberSparseMapping);
+                AppendHashtableContents(writer, rm.Tree.CaptureNumberSparseMapping.Cast<DictionaryEntry>().OrderBy(de => de.Key as int?));
                 writer.WriteLine($" }};");
             }
             if (rm.Tree.CaptureNameToNumberMapping is not null)
             {
                 writer.Write("        base.CapNames = new Hashtable {");
-                AppendHashtableContents(writer, rm.Tree.CaptureNameToNumberMapping);
+                AppendHashtableContents(writer, rm.Tree.CaptureNameToNumberMapping.Cast<DictionaryEntry>().OrderBy(de => de.Key as string, StringComparer.Ordinal));
                 writer.WriteLine($" }};");
             }
             if (rm.Tree.CaptureNames is not null)
@@ -149,11 +149,10 @@ private static void EmitRegexDerivedImplementation(
             writer.WriteLine(runnerFactoryImplementation);
             writer.WriteLine($"}}");
 
-            static void AppendHashtableContents(IndentedTextWriter writer, Hashtable ht)
+            static void AppendHashtableContents(IndentedTextWriter writer, IEnumerable<DictionaryEntry> contents)
             {
-                IDictionaryEnumerator en = ht.GetEnumerator();
                 string separator = "";
-                while (en.MoveNext())
+                foreach (DictionaryEntry en in contents)
                 {
                     writer.Write(separator);
                     separator = ", ";

src/libraries/System.Text.RegularExpressions/src/System/Text/RegularExpressions/Regex.cs

@@ -322,6 +322,7 @@ public int[] GetGroupNumbers()
                 {
                     result[(int)de.Value!] = (int)de.Key;
                 }
+                Array.Sort(result);
             }
 
             return result;

src/libraries/System.Text.RegularExpressions/tests/FunctionalTests/Regex.GetGroupNames.Tests.cs

@@ -149,6 +149,10 @@ public void GroupNamesAndNumbers(string pattern, string input, string[] expected
 
             int[] numbers = regex.GetGroupNumbers();
             Assert.Equal(expectedNumbers.Length, numbers.Length);
+            for (int i = 0; i < numbers.Length - 1; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.True(numbers[i] <= numbers[i + 1]);
+            }
 
             string[] names = regex.GetGroupNames();
             Assert.Equal(expectedNames.Length, names.Length);

src/libraries/System.Text.RegularExpressions/tests/FunctionalTests/RegexGeneratorHelper.netcoreapp.cs

@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ internal static byte[] CreateAssemblyImage(string source, string assemblyName)
             throw new InvalidOperationException();
         }
 
-        internal static async Task<IReadOnlyList<Diagnostic>> RunGenerator(
-            string code, bool compile = false, LanguageVersion langVersion = LanguageVersion.Preview, MetadataReference[]? additionalRefs = null, bool allowUnsafe = false, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+        private static async Task<(Compilation, GeneratorDriverRunResult)> RunGeneratorCore(
+            string code, LanguageVersion langVersion = LanguageVersion.Preview, MetadataReference[]? additionalRefs = null, bool allowUnsafe = false, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
         {
             var proj = new AdhocWorkspace()
                 .AddSolution(SolutionInfo.Create(SolutionId.CreateNewId(), VersionStamp.Create()))
@@ -87,7 +87,13 @@ internal static async Task<IReadOnlyList<Diagnostic>> RunGenerator(
             var generator = new RegexGenerator();
             CSharpGeneratorDriver cgd = CSharpGeneratorDriver.Create(new[] { generator.AsSourceGenerator() }, parseOptions: CSharpParseOptions.Default.WithLanguageVersion(langVersion));
             GeneratorDriver gd = cgd.RunGenerators(comp!, cancellationToken);
-            GeneratorDriverRunResult generatorResults = gd.GetRunResult();
+            return (comp, gd.GetRunResult());
+        }
+
+        internal static async Task<IReadOnlyList<Diagnostic>> RunGenerator(
+            string code, bool compile = false, LanguageVersion langVersion = LanguageVersion.Preview, MetadataReference[]? additionalRefs = null, bool allowUnsafe = false, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+        {
+            (Compilation comp, GeneratorDriverRunResult generatorResults) = await RunGeneratorCore(code, langVersion, additionalRefs, allowUnsafe, cancellationToken);
             if (!compile)
             {
                 return generatorResults.Diagnostics;
@@ -107,6 +113,20 @@ internal static async Task<IReadOnlyList<Diagnostic>> RunGenerator(
             return generatorResults.Diagnostics.Concat(results.Diagnostics).Where(d => d.Severity != DiagnosticSeverity.Hidden).ToArray();
         }
 
+        internal static async Task<string> GenerateSourceText(
+            string code, LanguageVersion langVersion = LanguageVersion.Preview, MetadataReference[]? additionalRefs = null, bool allowUnsafe = false, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
+        {
+            (Compilation comp, GeneratorDriverRunResult generatorResults) = await RunGeneratorCore(code, langVersion, additionalRefs, allowUnsafe, cancellationToken);
+            string generatedSource = string.Concat(generatorResults.GeneratedTrees.Select(t => t.ToString()));
+
+            if (generatorResults.Diagnostics.Length != 0)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(string.Join(Environment.NewLine, generatorResults.Diagnostics) + Environment.NewLine + generatedSource);
+            }
+
+            return generatedSource;
+        }
+
         internal static async Task<Regex> SourceGenRegexAsync(
             string pattern, CultureInfo? culture, RegexOptions? options = null, TimeSpan? matchTimeout = null, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
         {

src/libraries/System.Text.RegularExpressions/tests/FunctionalTests/RegexGeneratorParserTests.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 
 using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
 using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;
+using Microsoft.DotNet.RemoteExecutor;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Globalization;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Xunit;
@@ -839,5 +841,36 @@ partial class C
                     public static partial Regex Valid();
                 }", compile: true));
         }
+
+        [ConditionalFact(typeof(RemoteExecutor), nameof(RemoteExecutor.IsSupported))]
+        [OuterLoop("Takes several seconds")]
+        public void Deterministic_SameRegexProducesSameSource()
+        {
+            string first = Generate();
+            for (int trials = 0; trials < 3; trials++)
+            {
+                Assert.Equal(first, Generate());
+            }
+
+            static string Generate()
+            {
+                const string Code =
+                    @"using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+                    partial class C
+                    {
+                        [GeneratedRegex(""(?<Name>\w+) (?<Street>\w+), (?<City>\w+) (?<State>[A-Z]{2}) (?<Zip>[0-9]{5})"")]
+                        public static partial Regex Valid();
+                    }";
+
+                // Generate the source in a new process so that any process-specific randomization is different between runs,
+                // e.g. hash code randomization for strings.
+
+                using RemoteInvokeHandle handle = RemoteExecutor.Invoke(
+                    async () => Console.WriteLine(await RegexGeneratorHelper.GenerateSourceText(Code)),
+                    new RemoteInvokeOptions { StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo { RedirectStandardOutput = true } });
+
+                return handle.Process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
+            }
+        }
     }
 }