Report invalid global.json state in dotnet --info and hostfxr_resolve_sdk2 (#118418)

We currently ignore invalid global.json, which can lead to unexpected/undesired behaviour. While we're not going to change that behaviour right now, this change adds some indication about this situation in `dotnet --info` and updates a `hostfxr` API to indicate if an invalid global.json was found.

- Make `sdk_resolver` track/store information about global.json even when it is deemed invalid
- Update `dotnet --info` to list invalid global.json file path and error message
- Add `hostfxr_resolve_sdk2_result_key_t::global_json_state` for `hostfxr_resolve_sdk2` API
  - string values of: `not_found`, `valid`, `invalid_json`, `invalid_data`
  - This can be used in the SDK to add telemetry for when we have invalid global.json

Example part of `dotnet --info`:
```
global.json file:
  Invalid [C:\repos\helloworld\global.json]
    Version '9.0' is not valid for the 'sdk/version' value
    Invalid global.json is ignored for SDK resolution.
```
Before:
```
global.json file:
  Not found
```

Author: elinor-fung

src/installer/tests/Assets/Projects/HostApiInvokerApp/HostFXR.cs

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ internal enum hostfxr_resolve_sdk2_result_key_t : int
                 resolved_sdk_dir = 0,
                 global_json_path = 1,
                 requested_version = 2,
+                global_json_state = 3,
             }
 
             [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ static void Test_hostfxr_resolve_sdk2(string[] args)
             var data = new List<(hostfxr.hostfxr_resolve_sdk2_result_key_t, string)>();
             int rc = hostfxr.hostfxr_resolve_sdk2(
                 exe_dir: args[0],
-                working_dir: args[1],
+                working_dir: args[1] == "<none>" ? string.Empty : args[1], // Empty string disables global.json look-up
                 flags: Enum.Parse<hostfxr.hostfxr_resolve_sdk2_flags_t>(args[2]),
                 result: (key, value) => data.Add((key, value)));
 

src/installer/tests/HostActivation.Tests/DependencyResolution/ResolveComponentDependencies.cs

@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ public void ComponentWithCorruptedDepsJsonShouldFail()
                 .Should().Fail()
                 .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"corehost_resolve_component_dependencies:Fail[0x{Constants.ErrorCode.ResolverInitFailure.ToString("x")}]")
                 .And.HaveStdOutContaining("corehost reported errors:")
-                .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"A JSON parsing exception occurred in [{component.DepsJson}], offset 0 (line 1, column 1): Invalid value.")
+                .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"Failed to parse file [{component.DepsJson}]. JSON parsing exception: Invalid value. [offset 0: line 1, column 1]")
                 .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"Error initializing the dependency resolver: An error occurred while parsing: {component.DepsJson}");
         }
 
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ public void MultiThreadedComponentDependencyResolutionWithFailures()
                 .Should().Fail()
                 .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"ComponentA: corehost_resolve_component_dependencies:Fail[0x{Constants.ErrorCode.ResolverInitFailure.ToString("x")}]")
                 .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"ComponentA: corehost reported errors:")
-                .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"ComponentA: A JSON parsing exception occurred in [{componentWithNoDependencies.DepsJson}], offset 0 (line 1, column 1): Invalid value.")
+                .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"ComponentA: Failed to parse file [{componentWithNoDependencies.DepsJson}]. JSON parsing exception: Invalid value. [offset 0: line 1, column 1]")
                 .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"ComponentA: Error initializing the dependency resolver: An error occurred while parsing: {componentWithNoDependencies.DepsJson}")
                 .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"ComponentB: corehost_resolve_component_dependencies:Fail[0x{Constants.ErrorCode.LibHostInvalidArgs.ToString("x")}]")
                 .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"ComponentB: corehost reported errors:")

src/installer/tests/HostActivation.Tests/HostCommands.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 using Microsoft.DotNet.Cli.Build;
 using Microsoft.DotNet.CoreSetup.Test;
 using Microsoft.DotNet.CoreSetup.Test.HostActivation;
+using Microsoft.DotNet.TestUtils;
 using Xunit;
 
 namespace HostActivation.Tests
@@ -168,6 +169,65 @@ public void Info_ListEnvironment_LegacyPrefixDetection()
                 .And.HaveStdOutContaining("Detected COMPlus_* environment variable(s). Consider transitioning to DOTNET_* equivalent.");
         }
 
+        [Fact]
+        public void Info_GlobalJson_InvalidJson()
+        {
+            using (TestArtifact workingDir = TestArtifact.Create(nameof(Info_GlobalJson_InvalidJson)))
+            {
+                string globalJsonPath = GlobalJson.Write(workingDir.Location, "{ \"sdk\": { }");
+                TestContext.BuiltDotNet.Exec("--info")
+                    .WorkingDirectory(workingDir.Location)
+                    .CaptureStdOut().CaptureStdErr()
+                    .Execute()
+                    .Should().Pass()
+                    .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"Invalid [{globalJsonPath}]")
+                    .And.HaveStdOutContaining("JSON parsing exception:")
+                    .And.NotHaveStdErr();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData("9")]
+        [InlineData("9.0")]
+        [InlineData("9.0.x")]
+        [InlineData("invalid")]
+        public void Info_GlobalJson_InvalidData(string version)
+        {
+            using (TestArtifact workingDir = TestArtifact.Create(nameof(Info_GlobalJson_InvalidData)))
+            {
+                string globalJsonPath = GlobalJson.CreateWithVersion(workingDir.Location, version);
+                TestContext.BuiltDotNet.Exec("--info")
+                    .WorkingDirectory(workingDir.Location)
+                    .CaptureStdOut().CaptureStdErr()
+                    .Execute()
+                    .Should().Pass()
+                    .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"Invalid [{globalJsonPath}]")
+                    .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"Version '{version}' is not valid for the 'sdk/version' value")
+                    .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"Invalid global.json is ignored for SDK resolution")
+                    .And.NotHaveStdErr();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData("9.0.0")]
+        [InlineData("9.1.99")]
+        public void Info_GlobalJson_NonExistentFeatureBand(string version)
+        {
+            using (TestArtifact workingDir = TestArtifact.Create(nameof(Info_GlobalJson_NonExistentFeatureBand)))
+            {
+                string globalJsonPath = GlobalJson.CreateWithVersion(workingDir.Location, version);
+                var result = TestContext.BuiltDotNet.Exec("--info")
+                    .WorkingDirectory(workingDir.Location)
+                    .CaptureStdOut().CaptureStdErr()
+                    .Execute()
+                    .Should().Pass()
+                    .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"Invalid [{globalJsonPath}]")
+                    .And.HaveStdOutContaining($"Version '{version}' is not valid for the 'sdk/version' value. SDK feature bands start at 1 - for example, {Version.Parse(version).ToString(2)}.100")
+                    .And.NotHaveStdOutContaining($"Invalid global.json is ignored for SDK resolution")
+                    .And.NotHaveStdErr();
+            }
+        }
+
         [Fact]
         public void ListRuntimes()
         {