Remove azureedge.net domains from install script

[richlander]

We need to remove azureedge.net domains from the install script in preparation from them becoming unavailable. This is the tracking issue for that. We should (A) announce a target date for that, and (B) give people a chance to test with an updated script. We should coordinate the plan with Azure DevOps and GitHub for their installers.

Related:

• Critical: .NET install domains and URLs are changing core#9671
• Switch to proper CDN URIs #555
• Implement fallback detection of redirects for the new CDNs #554

[baronfel]

@JanProvaznik let's get this one primed and ready, please :)