[Blazor] Fix race condition when caching for a type of QueryParameterValueSupplier (#40636)

* Use a concurrent dictionary to avoid race conditions.

Author: mayuki

src/Components/Components/src/Routing/QueryParameterValueSupplier.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 using System;
 using System.Buffers;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Reflection;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Reflection;
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ internal sealed class QueryParameterValueSupplier
     {
         public static void ClearCache() => _cacheByType.Clear();
 
-        private static readonly Dictionary<Type, QueryParameterValueSupplier?> _cacheByType = new();
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<Type, QueryParameterValueSupplier?> _cacheByType = new();
 
         // These two arrays contain the same number of entries, and their corresponding positions refer to each other.
         // Holding the info like this means we can use Array.BinarySearch with less custom implementation.