[Blazor] Fix race condition when caching for a type of QueryParameterValueSupplier (#40636)

* Use a concurrent dictionary to avoid race conditions.

Author: mayuki

src/Components/Components/src/Routing/QueryParameterValueSupplier.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 
 using System.Buffers;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Reflection;
 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Reflection;
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ internal sealed class QueryParameterValueSupplier
 {
     public static void ClearCache() => _cacheByType.Clear();
 
-    private static readonly Dictionary<Type, QueryParameterValueSupplier?> _cacheByType = new();
+    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<Type, QueryParameterValueSupplier?> _cacheByType = new();
 
     // These two arrays contain the same number of entries, and their corresponding positions refer to each other.
     // Holding the info like this means we can use Array.BinarySearch with less custom implementation.