Introduce SqlVectorFloat32 SqlType class for vector datatype support

[apoorvdeshmukh]

Description

Adds Vector datatype support for Float32 with Sqltype SqlVectorFloat32

Design Considerations

• Some inputs have been considered from 📢 Proposal: Introducing SqlType `SqlVectorFloat32` for SQL Server's New VECTOR Data Type #3382
• Between a generic class definition SqlVector and concrete type SqlVectorFloat32, after comparison it was decided to use concrete types.
• In future we may consider using SqlVector as base class to isolate common functionality between different Vector types but the public API surface will continue to use concrete definitions so that developers know the exact supported type they are working with.
• SqlVectorFloat32 will be encouraged as the only way to work with Float32 vector data when using SqlDbType enum value for Vector.
• Output parameters for reading SqlVectorFloat32 return value will be initialized through SqlVectorFloat32(n) constructor for SqlParameter.Value to allow users to correctly specify the size and type for the vector data they expect to read.

Issues

Closes #3317

Testing

Tests are split into three categories
Unit Tests for SqlVectorFloat32 under SqlVectorFloat32Tests.cs
Backward Compatibility Test Suite to validate behavior when exchanging vector data as varchar(max)
Native Vector Support Test Suite highlighting the supported functionality

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR introduces support for vector datatypes with a concrete SqlVectorFloat32 class that encapsulates 32‐bit float vector data. Key changes include the addition of the SqlVectorFloat32 type and its handling through TDS feature extensions, updates to resource strings and error messages, and comprehensive tests verifying the new functionality.

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 36 out of 38 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/tools/TDS/TDS/TDSFeatureID.cs	Added enum constant VectorSupport for TDS features.
src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/tools/TDS/TDS.Servers/*	Extended server session and login logic to negotiate and enable vector support.
src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/tests/*	Added new tests and updated project files for SqlVectorFloat32.
src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlTypes/SqlVectorFloat32.cs	Introduced the new type for float vector data with constructors, properties, and serialization to JSON.
Various source files (SqlDbTypeExtensions.cs, TdsEnums.cs, SqlParameter.cs, SqlBuffer.cs, etc.)	Updated handling, type mappings, and protocol communication to support vector datatype.
Documentation files	Updated XML documentation and resource strings for vector support.

Files not reviewed (1)

• src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/src/Resources/Strings.Designer.cs: Language not supported

Comments suppressed due to low confidence (1)

src/Microsoft.Data.SqlClient/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlTypes/SqlVectorFloat32.cs:116

• [nitpick] Consider ensuring consistent indentation for the NETCORE branch to improve code readability.

        ReadOnlySpan<byte> dataSpan = _rawBytes.AsSpan(8, elementCount * sizeof(float));

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 34.00000% with 198 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 60.17%. Comparing base (27ab95a) to head (897a6f6).
Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
.../netcore/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/TdsParser.cs	15.68%	43 Missing ⚠️
...nt/netfx/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/TdsParser.cs	15.68%	43 Missing ⚠️
...nt/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlTypes/SqlVectorFloat32.cs	56.71%	29 Missing ⚠️
...qlClient/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/SqlBuffer.cs	28.57%	25 Missing ⚠️
...lient/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/SqlParameter.cs	33.33%	18 Missing ⚠️
...ient/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/SqlDataReader.cs	17.64%	14 Missing ⚠️
...SqlClient/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/SqlEnums.cs	33.33%	6 Missing ⚠️
...netcore/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/SqlCommand.cs	20.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
...t/netfx/src/Microsoft/Data/SqlClient/SqlCommand.cs	20.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
...SqlClient/src/Microsoft/Data/Common/AdapterUtil.cs	20.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
... and 4 more

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HEAD has 1 upload less than BASE

Flag	BASE (27ab95a)	HEAD (897a6f6)
addons	1	0

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3433      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   69.11%   60.17%   -8.95%     
==========================================
  Files         280      275       -5     
  Lines       62128    62209      +81     
==========================================
- Hits        42942    37434    -5508     
- Misses      19186    24775    +5589     

Flag	Coverage Δ
addons	?
netcore	63.36% <34.80%> (-9.65%)	⬇️
netfx	62.22% <35.21%> (-6.06%)	⬇️

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[paulmedynski]

I have reviewed all of the implementation except SqlVectorFloat32. I'll wait to review that once you make the changes we discussed on Friday.

I will look at the tests after that.

[edwardneal]

Thanks for opening the earlier discussion. I've added a few comments, but the overall API surface looks good to me.