diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index b69022fc..a432dd2d 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-source "http://rubygems.org"
+source "https://rubygems.org"
+git_source(:github) { |repo| "https://github.com/#{repo}.git" }
 
 ruby "3.2.0"
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ end
 group :test do
   gem "rspec-rails"
   gem "factory_bot_rails"
-  gem "database_cleaner"
+  gem 'database_cleaner-active_record'
 end
 
 group :development, :test do
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index 478d9047..3bc6c328 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 GEM
-  remote: http://rubygems.org/
+  remote: https://rubygems.org/
   specs:
     actioncable (7.1.3.4)
       actionpack (= 7.1.3.4)
@@ -84,8 +84,6 @@ GEM
     concurrent-ruby (1.3.3)
     connection_pool (2.4.1)
     crass (1.0.6)
-    database_cleaner (2.0.2)
-      database_cleaner-active_record (>= 2, < 3)
     database_cleaner-active_record (2.1.0)
       activerecord (>= 5.a)
       database_cleaner-core (~> 2.0.0)
@@ -313,7 +311,7 @@ PLATFORMS
 
 DEPENDENCIES
   coderay
-  database_cleaner
+  database_cleaner-active_record
   devise (~> 4.9)
   doorkeeper (~> 5.7.1)
   factory_bot_rails
diff --git a/bin/bundle b/bin/bundle
index a71368e3..ee73929e 100755
--- a/bin/bundle
+++ b/bin/bundle
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ m = Module.new do
     gemfile = ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"]
     return gemfile if gemfile && !gemfile.empty?
 
-    File.expand_path("../../Gemfile", __FILE__)
+    File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
   end
 
   def lockfile
@@ -60,24 +60,19 @@ m = Module.new do
     Regexp.last_match(1)
   end
 
-  def bundler_version
-    @bundler_version ||=
-      env_var_version || cli_arg_version ||
-        lockfile_version
-  end
-
   def bundler_requirement
-    return "#{Gem::Requirement.default}.a" unless bundler_version
-
-    bundler_gem_version = Gem::Version.new(bundler_version)
-
-    requirement = bundler_gem_version.approximate_recommendation
+    @bundler_requirement ||=
+      env_var_version ||
+      cli_arg_version ||
+      bundler_requirement_for(lockfile_version)
+  end
 
-    return requirement unless Gem::Version.new(Gem::VERSION) < Gem::Version.new("2.7.0")
+  def bundler_requirement_for(version)
+    return "#{Gem::Requirement.default}.a" unless version
 
-    requirement += ".a" if bundler_gem_version.prerelease?
+    bundler_gem_version = Gem::Version.new(version)
 
-    requirement
+    bundler_gem_version.approximate_recommendation
   end
 
   def load_bundler!
diff --git a/bin/coderay b/bin/coderay
index f08e8181..b13b22e9 100755
--- a/bin/coderay
+++ b/bin/coderay
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/faker b/bin/faker
index a84dd24d..30174539 100755
--- a/bin/faker
+++ b/bin/faker
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/htmldiff b/bin/htmldiff
index 091820c9..0aeaec87 100755
--- a/bin/htmldiff
+++ b/bin/htmldiff
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/ldiff b/bin/ldiff
index 073e19f2..8173edec 100755
--- a/bin/ldiff
+++ b/bin/ldiff
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/listen b/bin/listen
index 3dd36a7e..613171d2 100755
--- a/bin/listen
+++ b/bin/listen
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/nokogiri b/bin/nokogiri
index b22a1a0a..c00ec262 100755
--- a/bin/nokogiri
+++ b/bin/nokogiri
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/pry b/bin/pry
index bfcc3d48..eb530525 100755
--- a/bin/pry
+++ b/bin/pry
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/puma b/bin/puma
index 880935b2..01a92a32 100755
--- a/bin/puma
+++ b/bin/puma
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/pumactl b/bin/pumactl
index b698e6e9..c93cff21 100755
--- a/bin/pumactl
+++ b/bin/pumactl
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/racc b/bin/racc
index 87e4820d..81900158 100755
--- a/bin/racc
+++ b/bin/racc
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/rackup b/bin/rackup
index 3ac4a5a7..6408c791 100755
--- a/bin/rackup
+++ b/bin/rackup
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
@@ -26,4 +24,4 @@ end
 require "rubygems"
 require "bundler/setup"
 
-load Gem.bin_path("rack", "rackup")
+load Gem.bin_path("rackup", "rackup")
diff --git a/bin/rails b/bin/rails
index efc03774..a93ac1a5 100755
--- a/bin/rails
+++ b/bin/rails
@@ -1,4 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
-APP_PATH = File.expand_path("../config/application", __dir__)
-require_relative "../config/boot"
-require "rails/commands"
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+#
+# This file was generated by Bundler.
+#
+# The application 'rails' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
+
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
+
+if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
+    load(bundle_binstub)
+  else
+    abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
+Replace `bin/bundle` by running `bundle binstubs bundler --force`, then run this command again.")
+  end
+end
+
+require "rubygems"
+require "bundler/setup"
+
+load Gem.bin_path("railties", "rails")
diff --git a/bin/rake b/bin/rake
index 4fbf10b9..4eb7d7bf 100755
--- a/bin/rake
+++ b/bin/rake
@@ -1,4 +1,27 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env ruby
-require_relative "../config/boot"
-require "rake"
-Rake.application.run
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+#
+# This file was generated by Bundler.
+#
+# The application 'rake' is installed as part of a gem, and
+# this file is here to facilitate running it.
+#
+
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
+
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
+
+if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
+    load(bundle_binstub)
+  else
+    abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
+Replace `bin/bundle` by running `bundle binstubs bundler --force`, then run this command again.")
+  end
+end
+
+require "rubygems"
+require "bundler/setup"
+
+load Gem.bin_path("rake", "rake")
diff --git a/bin/redcarpet b/bin/redcarpet
index 906e9458..76a1cb80 100755
--- a/bin/redcarpet
+++ b/bin/redcarpet
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/rollbar-rails-runner b/bin/rollbar-rails-runner
index 0ac93402..e8fcd338 100755
--- a/bin/rollbar-rails-runner
+++ b/bin/rollbar-rails-runner
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/rspec b/bin/rspec
index a6c78521..cb53ebe5 100755
--- a/bin/rspec
+++ b/bin/rspec
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/rubocop b/bin/rubocop
index d0c48829..369a05be 100755
--- a/bin/rubocop
+++ b/bin/rubocop
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/ruby-parse b/bin/ruby-parse
index 74d87beb..d8ebc68d 100755
--- a/bin/ruby-parse
+++ b/bin/ruby-parse
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/ruby-rewrite b/bin/ruby-rewrite
index 972bc456..b4574aba 100755
--- a/bin/ruby-rewrite
+++ b/bin/ruby-rewrite
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/sprockets b/bin/sprockets
index 9f75aa74..0068cd75 100755
--- a/bin/sprockets
+++ b/bin/sprockets
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.
diff --git a/bin/thor b/bin/thor
index 71bfaeae..ec401151 100755
--- a/bin/thor
+++ b/bin/thor
@@ -8,14 +8,12 @@
 # this file is here to facilitate running it.
 #
 
-require "pathname"
-ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../../Gemfile",
-  Pathname.new(__FILE__).realpath)
+ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path("../Gemfile", __dir__)
 
-bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("../bundle", __FILE__)
+bundle_binstub = File.expand_path("bundle", __dir__)
 
 if File.file?(bundle_binstub)
-  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300) =~ /This file was generated by Bundler/
+  if File.read(bundle_binstub, 300).include?("This file was generated by Bundler")
     load(bundle_binstub)
   else
     abort("Your `bin/bundle` was not generated by Bundler, so this binstub cannot run.