Repeated image in template results in blank image field

[Iraijus]

Greetings!

My template is based on an Avery label template. Every cell of the table has the same image, and a placeholder text. The image shouldn't be affected at all. For some reason, only the first instance of the image stays. Every following image field is empty, though the field still exists.

I've tried adding a second image, and that one stays visible too, so it's somehow related to the specific image file.