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Solutions for part 3
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‎lessons/Part3/10_libraries.ipynb

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},
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"cell_type": "code",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"pi is 3.141592653589793\n",
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"cos(pi) is -1.0\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"import math\n",
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"\n",
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"cell_type": "code",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Help on module math:\n",
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"\n",
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"NAME\n",
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" math\n",
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"\n",
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"MODULE REFERENCE\n",
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" https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/math\n",
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" \n",
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" The following documentation is automatically generated from the Python\n",
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" source files. It may be incomplete, incorrect or include features that\n",
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" are considered implementation detail and may vary between Python\n",
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" implementations. When in doubt, consult the module reference at the\n",
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" location listed above.\n",
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"\n",
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"DESCRIPTION\n",
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" This module provides access to the mathematical functions\n",
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" defined by the C standard.\n",
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"\n",
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"FUNCTIONS\n",
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" acos(x, /)\n",
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" Return the arc cosine (measured in radians) of x.\n",
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" \n",
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" acosh(x, /)\n",
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" Return the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x.\n",
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" \n",
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" asin(x, /)\n",
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" Return the arc sine (measured in radians) of x.\n",
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" \n",
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" asinh(x, /)\n",
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" Return the inverse hyperbolic sine of x.\n",
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" \n",
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" atan(x, /)\n",
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" Return the arc tangent (measured in radians) of x.\n",
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" \n",
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" atan2(y, x, /)\n",
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" Return the arc tangent (measured in radians) of y/x.\n",
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" \n",
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" Unlike atan(y/x), the signs of both x and y are considered.\n",
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" \n",
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" atanh(x, /)\n",
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" Return the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x.\n",
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" \n",
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" ceil(x, /)\n",
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" Return the ceiling of x as an Integral.\n",
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" \n",
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" This is the smallest integer >= x.\n",
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" \n",
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" copysign(x, y, /)\n",
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" Return a float with the magnitude (absolute value) of x but the sign of y.\n",
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" \n",
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" On platforms that support signed zeros, copysign(1.0, -0.0)\n",
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" returns -1.0.\n",
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" \n",
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" cos(x, /)\n",
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" Return the cosine of x (measured in radians).\n",
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" \n",
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" cosh(x, /)\n",
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" Return the hyperbolic cosine of x.\n",
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" \n",
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" degrees(x, /)\n",
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" Convert angle x from radians to degrees.\n",
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" \n",
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" erf(x, /)\n",
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" Error function at x.\n",
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" \n",
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" erfc(x, /)\n",
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" Complementary error function at x.\n",
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" \n",
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" exp(x, /)\n",
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" Return e raised to the power of x.\n",
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" \n",
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" expm1(x, /)\n",
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" Return exp(x)-1.\n",
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" \n",
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" This function avoids the loss of precision involved in the direct evaluation of exp(x)-1 for small x.\n",
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" \n",
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" fabs(x, /)\n",
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" Return the absolute value of the float x.\n",
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" \n",
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" factorial(x, /)\n",
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" Find x!.\n",
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" \n",
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" Raise a ValueError if x is negative or non-integral.\n",
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" \n",
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" floor(x, /)\n",
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" Return the floor of x as an Integral.\n",
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" \n",
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" This is the largest integer <= x.\n",
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" \n",
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" fmod(x, y, /)\n",
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" Return fmod(x, y), according to platform C.\n",
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" \n",
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" x % y may differ.\n",
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" \n",
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" frexp(x, /)\n",
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" Return the mantissa and exponent of x, as pair (m, e).\n",
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" \n",
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" m is a float and e is an int, such that x = m * 2.**e.\n",
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" If x is 0, m and e are both 0. Else 0.5 <= abs(m) < 1.0.\n",
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" \n",
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" fsum(seq, /)\n",
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" Return an accurate floating point sum of values in the iterable seq.\n",
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" \n",
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" Assumes IEEE-754 floating point arithmetic.\n",
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" \n",
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" gamma(x, /)\n",
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" Gamma function at x.\n",
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" \n",
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" gcd(x, y, /)\n",
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" greatest common divisor of x and y\n",
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" \n",
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" hypot(x, y, /)\n",
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" Return the Euclidean distance, sqrt(x*x + y*y).\n",
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" \n",
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" isclose(a, b, *, rel_tol=1e-09, abs_tol=0.0)\n",
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" Determine whether two floating point numbers are close in value.\n",
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" \n",
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" rel_tol\n",
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" maximum difference for being considered \"close\", relative to the\n",
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" magnitude of the input values\n",
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" abs_tol\n",
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" maximum difference for being considered \"close\", regardless of the\n",
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" magnitude of the input values\n",
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" \n",
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" Return True if a is close in value to b, and False otherwise.\n",
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" \n",
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" For the values to be considered close, the difference between them\n",
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" must be smaller than at least one of the tolerances.\n",
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" \n",
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" -inf, inf and NaN behave similarly to the IEEE 754 Standard. That\n",
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" is, NaN is not close to anything, even itself. inf and -inf are\n",
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" only close to themselves.\n",
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" \n",
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" isfinite(x, /)\n",
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" Return True if x is neither an infinity nor a NaN, and False otherwise.\n",
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" \n",
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" isinf(x, /)\n",
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" Return True if x is a positive or negative infinity, and False otherwise.\n",
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" \n",
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" isnan(x, /)\n",
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" Return True if x is a NaN (not a number), and False otherwise.\n",
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" \n",
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" ldexp(x, i, /)\n",
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" Return x * (2**i).\n",
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" \n",
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" This is essentially the inverse of frexp().\n",
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" \n",
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" lgamma(x, /)\n",
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" Natural logarithm of absolute value of Gamma function at x.\n",
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" \n",
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" log(...)\n",
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" log(x, [base=math.e])\n",
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" Return the logarithm of x to the given base.\n",
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" \n",
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" If the base not specified, returns the natural logarithm (base e) of x.\n",
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" \n",
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" log10(x, /)\n",
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" Return the base 10 logarithm of x.\n",
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" \n",
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" log1p(x, /)\n",
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" Return the natural logarithm of 1+x (base e).\n",
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" \n",
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" The result is computed in a way which is accurate for x near zero.\n",
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" \n",
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" log2(x, /)\n",
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" Return the base 2 logarithm of x.\n",
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" \n",
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" modf(x, /)\n",
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" Return the fractional and integer parts of x.\n",
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" \n",
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" Both results carry the sign of x and are floats.\n",
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" \n",
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" pow(x, y, /)\n",
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" Return x**y (x to the power of y).\n",
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" \n",
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" radians(x, /)\n",
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" Convert angle x from degrees to radians.\n",
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" \n",
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" remainder(x, y, /)\n",
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" Difference between x and the closest integer multiple of y.\n",
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" \n",
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" Return x - n*y where n*y is the closest integer multiple of y.\n",
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" In the case where x is exactly halfway between two multiples of\n",
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" y, the nearest even value of n is used. The result is always exact.\n",
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" \n",
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" sin(x, /)\n",
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" Return the sine of x (measured in radians).\n",
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" \n",
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" sinh(x, /)\n",
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" Return the hyperbolic sine of x.\n",
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" \n",
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" sqrt(x, /)\n",
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" Return the square root of x.\n",
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" \n",
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" tan(x, /)\n",
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" Return the tangent of x (measured in radians).\n",
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" \n",
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" tanh(x, /)\n",
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" Return the hyperbolic tangent of x.\n",
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" \n",
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" trunc(x, /)\n",
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" Truncates the Real x to the nearest Integral toward 0.\n",
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" \n",
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" Uses the __trunc__ magic method.\n",
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"\n",
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"DATA\n",
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" e = 2.718281828459045\n",
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" inf = inf\n",
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" nan = nan\n",
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" pi = 3.141592653589793\n",
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" tau = 6.283185307179586\n",
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"\n",
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"FILE\n",
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" /Users/emilygrabowski/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload/math.cpython-37m-darwin.so\n",
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"\n",
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"\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"help(math)"
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"name": "stdout",
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"text": [
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"3.141592653589793\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"from math import *\n",
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"print(pi)"
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"* `pandas` -> `pd`\n",
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"* `numpy` -> `np`\n",
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"* `matplotlib` -> `mpl`.\n",
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"* `statsmodels.api` -> `sm`\n",
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"\n",
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"But sometimes aliases can make programs harder to understand, since readers must learn your program's aliases. Be very intentional about using aliases!"
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"metadata": {
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"kernelspec": {
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"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
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"display_name": "Python 3",
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"language": "python",
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"name": "python",
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"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
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"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
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"version": "3.8.12"
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"version": "3.7.6"
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},
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"toc": {
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"base_numbering": 1,

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