diff --git a/cli/build.rs b/cli/build.rs
index 03aa47c517c607..131d404a7dc805 100644
--- a/cli/build.rs
+++ b/cli/build.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ mod ts {
   use deno_core::error::AnyError;
   use deno_core::op;
   use deno_core::OpState;
+  use deno_runtime::deno_node::SUPPORTED_BUILTIN_NODE_MODULES;
   use regex::Regex;
   use serde::Deserialize;
   use serde_json::json;
@@ -164,10 +165,16 @@ mod ts {
     #[op]
     fn op_build_info(state: &mut OpState) -> Value {
       let build_specifier = "asset:///bootstrap.ts";
+
+      let node_built_in_module_names = SUPPORTED_BUILTIN_NODE_MODULES
+        .iter()
+        .map(|s| s.name)
+        .collect::<Vec<&str>>();
       let build_libs = state.borrow::<Vec<&str>>();
       json!({
         "buildSpecifier": build_specifier,
         "libs": build_libs,
+        "nodeBuiltInModuleNames": node_built_in_module_names,
       })
     }
 
diff --git a/cli/cache/mod.rs b/cli/cache/mod.rs
index 4d255b01423054..c8fcaa22343965 100644
--- a/cli/cache/mod.rs
+++ b/cli/cache/mod.rs
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl FetchCacher {
 
 impl Loader for FetchCacher {
   fn get_cache_info(&self, specifier: &ModuleSpecifier) -> Option<CacheInfo> {
-    if specifier.scheme() == "npm" {
+    if matches!(specifier.scheme(), "npm" | "node") {
       return None;
     }
 
@@ -101,7 +101,26 @@ impl Loader for FetchCacher {
       ));
     }
 
-    let specifier = specifier.clone();
+    let specifier =
+      if let Some(module_name) = specifier.as_str().strip_prefix("node:") {
+        if module_name == "module" {
+          // the source code for "node:module" is built-in rather than
+          // being from deno_std like the other modules
+          return Box::pin(futures::future::ready(Ok(Some(
+            deno_graph::source::LoadResponse::External {
+              specifier: specifier.clone(),
+            },
+          ))));
+        }
+
+        match crate::node::resolve_builtin_node_module(module_name) {
+          Ok(specifier) => specifier,
+          Err(err) => return Box::pin(futures::future::ready(Err(err))),
+        }
+      } else {
+        specifier.clone()
+      };
+
     let permissions = if is_dynamic {
       self.dynamic_permissions.clone()
     } else {
diff --git a/cli/graph_util.rs b/cli/graph_util.rs
index 22bddf137ea2fb..243fd6eef4fc09 100644
--- a/cli/graph_util.rs
+++ b/cli/graph_util.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::cache;
 use crate::cache::TypeCheckCache;
 use crate::colors;
 use crate::errors::get_error_class_name;
-use crate::npm::resolve_npm_package_reqs;
+use crate::npm::resolve_graph_npm_info;
 use crate::npm::NpmPackageReference;
 use crate::npm::NpmPackageReq;
 use crate::proc_state::ProcState;
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use deno_graph::GraphImport;
 use deno_graph::MediaType;
 use deno_graph::ModuleGraph;
 use deno_graph::ModuleGraphError;
+use deno_graph::ModuleKind;
 use deno_graph::Range;
 use deno_graph::Resolved;
 use deno_runtime::permissions::PermissionsContainer;
@@ -54,7 +55,10 @@ pub enum ModuleEntry {
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct GraphData {
   modules: HashMap<ModuleSpecifier, ModuleEntry>,
+  /// Specifiers that are built-in or external.
+  external_specifiers: HashSet<ModuleSpecifier>,
   npm_packages: Vec<NpmPackageReq>,
+  has_node_builtin_specifier: bool,
   /// Map of first known referrer locations for each module. Used to enhance
   /// error messages.
   referrer_map: HashMap<ModuleSpecifier, Box<Range>>,
@@ -83,13 +87,12 @@ impl GraphData {
     let mut has_npm_specifier_in_graph = false;
 
     for (specifier, result) in graph.specifiers() {
-      if NpmPackageReference::from_specifier(specifier).is_ok() {
-        has_npm_specifier_in_graph = true;
+      if self.modules.contains_key(specifier) {
         continue;
       }
 
-      if self.modules.contains_key(specifier) {
-        continue;
+      if !self.has_node_builtin_specifier && specifier.scheme() == "node" {
+        self.has_node_builtin_specifier = true;
       }
 
       if let Some(found) = graph.redirects.get(specifier) {
@@ -97,8 +100,19 @@ impl GraphData {
         self.modules.insert(specifier.clone(), module_entry);
         continue;
       }
+
       match result {
-        Ok((_, _, media_type)) => {
+        Ok((_, module_kind, media_type)) => {
+          if module_kind == ModuleKind::External {
+            if !has_npm_specifier_in_graph
+              && NpmPackageReference::from_specifier(specifier).is_ok()
+            {
+              has_npm_specifier_in_graph = true;
+            }
+            self.external_specifiers.insert(specifier.clone());
+            continue; // ignore npm and node specifiers
+          }
+
           let module = graph.get(specifier).unwrap();
           let code = match &module.maybe_source {
             Some(source) => source.clone(),
@@ -147,7 +161,9 @@ impl GraphData {
     }
 
     if has_npm_specifier_in_graph {
-      self.npm_packages.extend(resolve_npm_package_reqs(graph));
+      self
+        .npm_packages
+        .extend(resolve_graph_npm_info(graph).package_reqs);
     }
   }
 
@@ -157,6 +173,11 @@ impl GraphData {
     self.modules.iter()
   }
 
+  /// Gets if the graph had a "node:" specifier.
+  pub fn has_node_builtin_specifier(&self) -> bool {
+    self.has_node_builtin_specifier
+  }
+
   /// Gets the npm package requirements from all the encountered graphs
   /// in the order that they should be resolved.
   pub fn npm_package_reqs(&self) -> &Vec<NpmPackageReq> {
@@ -195,13 +216,14 @@ impl GraphData {
       }
     }
     while let Some(specifier) = visiting.pop_front() {
-      if NpmPackageReference::from_specifier(specifier).is_ok() {
-        continue; // skip analyzing npm specifiers
-      }
-
       let (specifier, entry) = match self.modules.get_key_value(specifier) {
         Some(pair) => pair,
-        None => return None,
+        None => {
+          if self.external_specifiers.contains(specifier) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          return None;
+        }
       };
       result.insert(specifier, entry);
       match entry {
@@ -281,6 +303,8 @@ impl GraphData {
     }
     Some(Self {
       modules,
+      external_specifiers: self.external_specifiers.clone(),
+      has_node_builtin_specifier: self.has_node_builtin_specifier,
       npm_packages: self.npm_packages.clone(),
       referrer_map,
       graph_imports: self.graph_imports.to_vec(),
@@ -547,6 +571,14 @@ pub async fn create_graph_and_maybe_check(
   }
 
   if ps.options.type_check_mode() != TypeCheckMode::None {
+    // node built-in specifiers use the @types/node package to determine
+    // types, so inject that now after the lockfile has been written
+    if graph_data.has_node_builtin_specifier() {
+      ps.npm_resolver
+        .inject_synthetic_types_node_package()
+        .await?;
+    }
+
     let ts_config_result =
       ps.options.resolve_ts_config_for_emit(TsConfigType::Check {
         lib: ps.options.ts_type_lib_window(),
diff --git a/cli/lsp/cache.rs b/cli/lsp/cache.rs
index 47f6e44ba9c479..23469a583ff8b4 100644
--- a/cli/lsp/cache.rs
+++ b/cli/lsp/cache.rs
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl CacheMetadata {
     &self,
     specifier: &ModuleSpecifier,
   ) -> Option<Arc<HashMap<MetadataKey, String>>> {
-    if specifier.scheme() == "file" || specifier.scheme() == "npm" {
+    if matches!(specifier.scheme(), "file" | "npm" | "node") {
       return None;
     }
     let version = self
diff --git a/cli/lsp/diagnostics.rs b/cli/lsp/diagnostics.rs
index b4be63a552708d..4faff2faea6bd5 100644
--- a/cli/lsp/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/cli/lsp/diagnostics.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ use super::tsc;
 use super::tsc::TsServer;
 
 use crate::args::LintOptions;
+use crate::node;
 use crate::npm::NpmPackageReference;
 use crate::tools::lint::get_configured_rules;
 
@@ -614,6 +615,8 @@ pub enum DenoDiagnostic {
   },
   /// An error occurred when resolving the specifier string.
   ResolutionError(deno_graph::ResolutionError),
+  /// Invalid `node:` specifier.
+  InvalidNodeSpecifier(ModuleSpecifier),
 }
 
 impl DenoDiagnostic {
@@ -641,6 +644,7 @@ impl DenoDiagnostic {
         },
         ResolutionError::ResolverError { .. } => "resolver-error",
       },
+      Self::InvalidNodeSpecifier(_) => "resolver-error",
     }
   }
 
@@ -791,6 +795,7 @@ impl DenoDiagnostic {
       Self::NoLocal(specifier) => (lsp::DiagnosticSeverity::ERROR, format!("Unable to load a local module: \"{}\".\n  Please check the file path.", specifier), None),
       Self::Redirect { from, to} => (lsp::DiagnosticSeverity::INFORMATION, format!("The import of \"{}\" was redirected to \"{}\".", from, to), Some(json!({ "specifier": from, "redirect": to }))),
       Self::ResolutionError(err) => (lsp::DiagnosticSeverity::ERROR, err.to_string(), None),
+      Self::InvalidNodeSpecifier(specifier) => (lsp::DiagnosticSeverity::ERROR, format!("Unknown Node built-in module: {}", specifier.path()), None),
     };
     lsp::Diagnostic {
       range: *range,
@@ -872,6 +877,30 @@ fn diagnose_resolved(
             );
           }
         }
+      } else if let Some(module_name) = specifier.as_str().strip_prefix("node:")
+      {
+        if node::resolve_builtin_node_module(module_name).is_err() {
+          diagnostics.push(
+            DenoDiagnostic::InvalidNodeSpecifier(specifier.clone())
+              .to_lsp_diagnostic(&range),
+          );
+        } else if let Some(npm_resolver) = &snapshot.maybe_npm_resolver {
+          // check that a @types/node package exists in the resolver
+          let types_node_ref =
+            NpmPackageReference::from_str("npm:@types/node").unwrap();
+          if npm_resolver
+            .resolve_package_folder_from_deno_module(&types_node_ref.req)
+            .is_err()
+          {
+            diagnostics.push(
+              DenoDiagnostic::NoCacheNpm(
+                types_node_ref,
+                ModuleSpecifier::parse("npm:@types/node").unwrap(),
+              )
+              .to_lsp_diagnostic(&range),
+            );
+          }
+        }
       } else {
         // When the document is not available, it means that it cannot be found
         // in the cache or locally on the disk, so we want to issue a diagnostic
diff --git a/cli/lsp/documents.rs b/cli/lsp/documents.rs
index bc1e4a808d34a4..b99b64bfe3d911 100644
--- a/cli/lsp/documents.rs
+++ b/cli/lsp/documents.rs
@@ -770,6 +770,9 @@ pub struct Documents {
   maybe_resolver: Option<CliResolver>,
   /// The npm package requirements.
   npm_reqs: Arc<HashSet<NpmPackageReq>>,
+  /// Gets if any document had a node: specifier such that a @types/node package
+  /// should be injected.
+  has_injected_types_node_package: bool,
   /// Resolves a specifier to its final redirected to specifier.
   specifier_resolver: Arc<SpecifierResolver>,
 }
@@ -785,6 +788,7 @@ impl Documents {
       imports: Default::default(),
       maybe_resolver: None,
       npm_reqs: Default::default(),
+      has_injected_types_node_package: false,
       specifier_resolver: Arc::new(SpecifierResolver::new(location)),
     }
   }
@@ -925,6 +929,12 @@ impl Documents {
     (*self.npm_reqs).clone()
   }
 
+  /// Returns if a @types/node package was injected into the npm
+  /// resolver based on the state of the documents.
+  pub fn has_injected_types_node_package(&self) -> bool {
+    self.has_injected_types_node_package
+  }
+
   /// Return a document for the specifier.
   pub fn get(&self, original_specifier: &ModuleSpecifier) -> Option<Document> {
     let specifier = self.specifier_resolver.resolve(original_specifier)?;
@@ -985,11 +995,15 @@ impl Documents {
   /// tsc when type checking.
   pub fn resolve(
     &self,
-    specifiers: &[String],
-    referrer: &ModuleSpecifier,
+    specifiers: Vec<String>,
+    referrer_doc: &AssetOrDocument,
     maybe_npm_resolver: Option<&NpmPackageResolver>,
-  ) -> Option<Vec<Option<(ModuleSpecifier, MediaType)>>> {
-    let dependencies = self.get(referrer)?.0.dependencies.clone();
+  ) -> Vec<Option<(ModuleSpecifier, MediaType)>> {
+    let referrer = referrer_doc.specifier();
+    let dependencies = match referrer_doc {
+      AssetOrDocument::Asset(_) => None,
+      AssetOrDocument::Document(doc) => Some(doc.0.dependencies.clone()),
+    };
     let mut results = Vec::new();
     for specifier in specifiers {
       if let Some(npm_resolver) = maybe_npm_resolver {
@@ -997,7 +1011,7 @@ impl Documents {
           // we're in an npm package, so use node resolution
           results.push(Some(NodeResolution::into_specifier_and_media_type(
             node::node_resolve(
-              specifier,
+              &specifier,
               referrer,
               NodeResolutionMode::Types,
               npm_resolver,
@@ -1009,15 +1023,28 @@ impl Documents {
           continue;
         }
       }
-      // handle npm:<package> urls
+      if let Some(module_name) = specifier.strip_prefix("node:") {
+        if crate::node::resolve_builtin_node_module(module_name).is_ok() {
+          // return itself for node: specifiers because during type checking
+          // we resolve to the ambient modules in the @types/node package
+          // rather than deno_std/node
+          results.push(Some((
+            ModuleSpecifier::parse(&specifier).unwrap(),
+            MediaType::Dts,
+          )));
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
       if specifier.starts_with("asset:") {
-        if let Ok(specifier) = ModuleSpecifier::parse(specifier) {
+        if let Ok(specifier) = ModuleSpecifier::parse(&specifier) {
           let media_type = MediaType::from(&specifier);
           results.push(Some((specifier, media_type)));
         } else {
           results.push(None);
         }
-      } else if let Some(dep) = dependencies.deps.get(specifier) {
+      } else if let Some(dep) =
+        dependencies.as_ref().and_then(|d| d.deps.get(&specifier))
+      {
         if let Resolved::Ok { specifier, .. } = &dep.maybe_type {
           results.push(self.resolve_dependency(specifier, maybe_npm_resolver));
         } else if let Resolved::Ok { specifier, .. } = &dep.maybe_code {
@@ -1026,12 +1053,12 @@ impl Documents {
           results.push(None);
         }
       } else if let Some(Resolved::Ok { specifier, .. }) =
-        self.resolve_imports_dependency(specifier)
+        self.resolve_imports_dependency(&specifier)
       {
         // clone here to avoid double borrow of self
         let specifier = specifier.clone();
         results.push(self.resolve_dependency(&specifier, maybe_npm_resolver));
-      } else if let Ok(npm_ref) = NpmPackageReference::from_str(specifier) {
+      } else if let Ok(npm_ref) = NpmPackageReference::from_str(&specifier) {
         results.push(maybe_npm_resolver.map(|npm_resolver| {
           NodeResolution::into_specifier_and_media_type(
             node_resolve_npm_reference(
@@ -1048,7 +1075,7 @@ impl Documents {
         results.push(None);
       }
     }
-    Some(results)
+    results
   }
 
   /// Update the location of the on disk cache for the document store.
@@ -1125,6 +1152,7 @@ impl Documents {
       analyzed_specifiers: HashSet<ModuleSpecifier>,
       pending_specifiers: VecDeque<ModuleSpecifier>,
       npm_reqs: HashSet<NpmPackageReq>,
+      has_node_builtin_specifier: bool,
     }
 
     impl DocAnalyzer {
@@ -1148,7 +1176,11 @@ impl Documents {
 
       fn analyze_doc(&mut self, specifier: &ModuleSpecifier, doc: &Document) {
         self.analyzed_specifiers.insert(specifier.clone());
-        for dependency in doc.dependencies().values() {
+        for (name, dependency) in doc.dependencies() {
+          if !self.has_node_builtin_specifier && name.starts_with("node:") {
+            self.has_node_builtin_specifier = true;
+          }
+
           if let Some(dep) = dependency.get_code() {
             self.add(dep, specifier);
           }
@@ -1185,8 +1217,19 @@ impl Documents {
       }
     }
 
+    let mut npm_reqs = doc_analyzer.npm_reqs;
+    // Ensure a @types/node package exists when any module uses a node: specifier.
+    // Unlike on the command line, here we just add @types/node to the npm package
+    // requirements since this won't end up in the lockfile.
+    self.has_injected_types_node_package = doc_analyzer
+      .has_node_builtin_specifier
+      && !npm_reqs.iter().any(|r| r.name == "@types/node");
+    if self.has_injected_types_node_package {
+      npm_reqs.insert(NpmPackageReq::from_str("@types/node").unwrap());
+    }
+
     self.dependents_map = Arc::new(doc_analyzer.dependents_map);
-    self.npm_reqs = Arc::new(doc_analyzer.npm_reqs);
+    self.npm_reqs = Arc::new(npm_reqs);
     self.dirty = false;
     file_system_docs.dirty = false;
   }
diff --git a/cli/lsp/tsc.rs b/cli/lsp/tsc.rs
index ced8fb69930db8..3619f529c1f255 100644
--- a/cli/lsp/tsc.rs
+++ b/cli/lsp/tsc.rs
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ fn new_assets_map() -> Arc<Mutex<AssetsMap>> {
       let asset = AssetDocument::new(specifier.clone(), v);
       (specifier, asset)
     })
-    .collect();
+    .collect::<AssetsMap>();
   Arc::new(Mutex::new(assets))
 }
 
@@ -2728,28 +2728,29 @@ fn op_resolve(
   let state = state.borrow_mut::<State>();
   let mark = state.performance.mark("op_resolve", Some(&args));
   let referrer = state.normalize_specifier(&args.base)?;
-
-  let result = if let Some(resolved) = state.state_snapshot.documents.resolve(
-    &args.specifiers,
-    &referrer,
-    state.state_snapshot.maybe_npm_resolver.as_ref(),
-  ) {
-    Ok(
-      resolved
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|o| {
-          o.map(|(s, mt)| (s.to_string(), mt.as_ts_extension().to_string()))
-        })
-        .collect(),
-    )
-  } else {
-    Err(custom_error(
+  let result = match state.get_asset_or_document(&referrer) {
+    Some(referrer_doc) => {
+      let resolved = state.state_snapshot.documents.resolve(
+        args.specifiers,
+        &referrer_doc,
+        state.state_snapshot.maybe_npm_resolver.as_ref(),
+      );
+      Ok(
+        resolved
+          .into_iter()
+          .map(|o| {
+            o.map(|(s, mt)| (s.to_string(), mt.as_ts_extension().to_string()))
+          })
+          .collect(),
+      )
+    }
+    None => Err(custom_error(
       "NotFound",
       format!(
         "Error resolving. Referring specifier \"{}\" was not found.",
         args.base
       ),
-    ))
+    )),
   };
 
   state.performance.measure(mark);
@@ -2764,15 +2765,20 @@ fn op_respond(state: &mut OpState, args: Response) -> bool {
 }
 
 #[op]
-fn op_script_names(state: &mut OpState) -> Vec<ModuleSpecifier> {
+fn op_script_names(state: &mut OpState) -> Vec<String> {
   let state = state.borrow_mut::<State>();
-  state
-    .state_snapshot
-    .documents
-    .documents(true, true)
-    .into_iter()
-    .map(|d| d.specifier().clone())
-    .collect()
+  let documents = &state.state_snapshot.documents;
+  let open_docs = documents.documents(true, true);
+
+  let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(open_docs.len() + 1);
+
+  if documents.has_injected_types_node_package() {
+    // ensure this is first so it resolves the node types first
+    result.push("asset:///node_types.d.ts".to_string());
+  }
+
+  result.extend(open_docs.into_iter().map(|d| d.specifier().to_string()));
+  result
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)]
diff --git a/cli/node/mod.rs b/cli/node/mod.rs
index aed639bc48769c..2125f670e188db 100644
--- a/cli/node/mod.rs
+++ b/cli/node/mod.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ use deno_runtime::deno_node::package_imports_resolve;
 use deno_runtime::deno_node::package_resolve;
 use deno_runtime::deno_node::path_to_declaration_path;
 use deno_runtime::deno_node::NodeModuleKind;
+use deno_runtime::deno_node::NodeModulePolyfill;
 use deno_runtime::deno_node::NodePermissions;
 use deno_runtime::deno_node::NodeResolutionMode;
 use deno_runtime::deno_node::PackageJson;
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ use deno_runtime::deno_node::PathClean;
 use deno_runtime::deno_node::RequireNpmResolver;
 use deno_runtime::deno_node::DEFAULT_CONDITIONS;
 use deno_runtime::deno_node::NODE_GLOBAL_THIS_NAME;
+use deno_runtime::deno_node::SUPPORTED_BUILTIN_NODE_MODULES;
 use deno_runtime::permissions::PermissionsContainer;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use regex::Regex;
@@ -106,200 +108,6 @@ impl NodeResolution {
   }
 }
 
-struct NodeModulePolyfill {
-  /// Name of the module like "assert" or "timers/promises"
-  name: &'static str,
-
-  /// Specifier relative to the root of `deno_std` repo, like "node/asser.ts"
-  specifier: &'static str,
-}
-
-static SUPPORTED_MODULES: &[NodeModulePolyfill] = &[
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "assert",
-    specifier: "node/assert.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "assert/strict",
-    specifier: "node/assert/strict.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "async_hooks",
-    specifier: "node/async_hooks.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "buffer",
-    specifier: "node/buffer.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "child_process",
-    specifier: "node/child_process.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "cluster",
-    specifier: "node/cluster.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "console",
-    specifier: "node/console.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "constants",
-    specifier: "node/constants.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "crypto",
-    specifier: "node/crypto.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "dgram",
-    specifier: "node/dgram.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "dns",
-    specifier: "node/dns.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "dns/promises",
-    specifier: "node/dns/promises.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "domain",
-    specifier: "node/domain.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "events",
-    specifier: "node/events.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "fs",
-    specifier: "node/fs.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "fs/promises",
-    specifier: "node/fs/promises.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "http",
-    specifier: "node/http.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "https",
-    specifier: "node/https.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "module",
-    // NOTE(bartlomieju): `module` is special, because we don't want to use
-    // `deno_std/node/module.ts`, but instead use a special shim that we
-    // provide in `ext/node`.
-    specifier: "[USE `deno_node::MODULE_ES_SHIM` to get this module]",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "net",
-    specifier: "node/net.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "os",
-    specifier: "node/os.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "path",
-    specifier: "node/path.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "path/posix",
-    specifier: "node/path/posix.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "path/win32",
-    specifier: "node/path/win32.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "perf_hooks",
-    specifier: "node/perf_hooks.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "process",
-    specifier: "node/process.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "querystring",
-    specifier: "node/querystring.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "readline",
-    specifier: "node/readline.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "stream",
-    specifier: "node/stream.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "stream/consumers",
-    specifier: "node/stream/consumers.mjs",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "stream/promises",
-    specifier: "node/stream/promises.mjs",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "stream/web",
-    specifier: "node/stream/web.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "string_decoder",
-    specifier: "node/string_decoder.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "sys",
-    specifier: "node/sys.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "timers",
-    specifier: "node/timers.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "timers/promises",
-    specifier: "node/timers/promises.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "tls",
-    specifier: "node/tls.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "tty",
-    specifier: "node/tty.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "url",
-    specifier: "node/url.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "util",
-    specifier: "node/util.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "util/types",
-    specifier: "node/util/types.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "v8",
-    specifier: "node/v8.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "vm",
-    specifier: "node/vm.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "worker_threads",
-    specifier: "node/worker_threads.ts",
-  },
-  NodeModulePolyfill {
-    name: "zlib",
-    specifier: "node/zlib.ts",
-  },
-];
-
 static NODE_COMPAT_URL: Lazy<Url> = Lazy::new(|| {
   if let Ok(url_str) = std::env::var("DENO_NODE_COMPAT_URL") {
     let url = Url::parse(&url_str).expect(
@@ -315,7 +123,9 @@ pub static MODULE_ALL_URL: Lazy<Url> =
   Lazy::new(|| NODE_COMPAT_URL.join("node/module_all.ts").unwrap());
 
 fn find_builtin_node_module(specifier: &str) -> Option<&NodeModulePolyfill> {
-  SUPPORTED_MODULES.iter().find(|m| m.name == specifier)
+  SUPPORTED_BUILTIN_NODE_MODULES
+    .iter()
+    .find(|m| m.name == specifier)
 }
 
 fn is_builtin_node_module(specifier: &str) -> bool {
@@ -336,7 +146,7 @@ pub fn resolve_builtin_node_module(specifier: &str) -> Result<Url, AnyError> {
   }
 
   Err(generic_error(format!(
-    "Unknown built-in Node module: {}",
+    "Unknown built-in \"node:\" module: {}",
     specifier
   )))
 }
diff --git a/cli/npm/mod.rs b/cli/npm/mod.rs
index ce6fec5e51f0d2..9f41e508a8e2f2 100644
--- a/cli/npm/mod.rs
+++ b/cli/npm/mod.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ pub use cache::NpmCache;
 pub use registry::NpmPackageVersionDistInfo;
 pub use registry::NpmRegistryApi;
 pub use registry::RealNpmRegistryApi;
-pub use resolution::resolve_npm_package_reqs;
+pub use resolution::resolve_graph_npm_info;
 pub use resolution::NpmPackageId;
 pub use resolution::NpmPackageReference;
 pub use resolution::NpmPackageReq;
diff --git a/cli/npm/resolution/graph.rs b/cli/npm/resolution/graph.rs
index 81ff58546f2e01..e2104814996a4e 100644
--- a/cli/npm/resolution/graph.rs
+++ b/cli/npm/resolution/graph.rs
@@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ fn tag_to_version_info<'a>(
   // explicit version.
   if tag == "latest" && info.name == "@types/node" {
     return get_resolved_package_version_and_info(
-      &NpmVersionReq::parse("18.0.0 - 18.8.2").unwrap(),
+      &NpmVersionReq::parse("18.0.0 - 18.11.18").unwrap(),
       info,
       parent,
     );
diff --git a/cli/npm/resolution/mod.rs b/cli/npm/resolution/mod.rs
index f10678cbeec5ad..ed194bbac8910a 100644
--- a/cli/npm/resolution/mod.rs
+++ b/cli/npm/resolution/mod.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ mod specifier;
 
 use graph::Graph;
 pub use snapshot::NpmResolutionSnapshot;
-pub use specifier::resolve_npm_package_reqs;
+pub use specifier::resolve_graph_npm_info;
 pub use specifier::NpmPackageReference;
 pub use specifier::NpmPackageReq;
 
diff --git a/cli/npm/resolution/specifier.rs b/cli/npm/resolution/specifier.rs
index 9a7f67cf8a25ef..6667c60dd11426 100644
--- a/cli/npm/resolution/specifier.rs
+++ b/cli/npm/resolution/specifier.rs
@@ -168,8 +168,15 @@ impl NpmVersionMatcher for NpmPackageReq {
   }
 }
 
-/// Resolves the npm package requirements from the graph attempting. The order
-/// returned is the order they should be resolved in.
+pub struct GraphNpmInfo {
+  /// The order of these package requirements is the order they
+  /// should be resolved in.
+  pub package_reqs: Vec<NpmPackageReq>,
+  /// Gets if the graph had a built-in node specifier (ex. `node:fs`).
+  pub has_node_builtin_specifier: bool,
+}
+
+/// Resolves npm specific information from the graph.
 ///
 /// This function will analyze the module graph for parent-most folder
 /// specifiers of all modules, then group npm specifiers together as found in
@@ -211,7 +218,7 @@ impl NpmVersionMatcher for NpmPackageReq {
 ///
 /// Then it would resolve the npm specifiers in each of those groups according
 /// to that tree going by tree depth.
-pub fn resolve_npm_package_reqs(graph: &ModuleGraph) -> Vec<NpmPackageReq> {
+pub fn resolve_graph_npm_info(graph: &ModuleGraph) -> GraphNpmInfo {
   fn collect_specifiers<'a>(
     graph: &'a ModuleGraph,
     module: &'a deno_graph::Module,
@@ -248,6 +255,7 @@ pub fn resolve_npm_package_reqs(graph: &ModuleGraph) -> Vec<NpmPackageReq> {
     graph: &ModuleGraph,
     specifier_graph: &mut SpecifierTree,
     seen: &mut HashSet<ModuleSpecifier>,
+    has_node_builtin_specifier: &mut bool,
   ) {
     if !seen.insert(module.specifier.clone()) {
       return; // already visited
@@ -267,12 +275,22 @@ pub fn resolve_npm_package_reqs(graph: &ModuleGraph) -> Vec<NpmPackageReq> {
           .dependencies
           .insert(get_folder_path_specifier(specifier));
       }
+
+      if !*has_node_builtin_specifier && specifier.scheme() == "node" {
+        *has_node_builtin_specifier = true;
+      }
     }
 
     // now visit all the dependencies
     for specifier in &specifiers {
       if let Some(module) = graph.get(specifier) {
-        analyze_module(module, graph, specifier_graph, seen);
+        analyze_module(
+          module,
+          graph,
+          specifier_graph,
+          seen,
+          has_node_builtin_specifier,
+        );
       }
     }
   }
@@ -284,9 +302,16 @@ pub fn resolve_npm_package_reqs(graph: &ModuleGraph) -> Vec<NpmPackageReq> {
     .collect::<Vec<_>>();
   let mut seen = HashSet::new();
   let mut specifier_graph = SpecifierTree::default();
+  let mut has_node_builtin_specifier = false;
   for root in &root_specifiers {
     if let Some(module) = graph.get(root) {
-      analyze_module(module, graph, &mut specifier_graph, &mut seen);
+      analyze_module(
+        module,
+        graph,
+        &mut specifier_graph,
+        &mut seen,
+        &mut has_node_builtin_specifier,
+      );
     }
   }
 
@@ -324,7 +349,10 @@ pub fn resolve_npm_package_reqs(graph: &ModuleGraph) -> Vec<NpmPackageReq> {
     }
   }
 
-  result
+  GraphNpmInfo {
+    has_node_builtin_specifier,
+    package_reqs: result,
+  }
 }
 
 fn get_folder_path_specifier(specifier: &ModuleSpecifier) -> ModuleSpecifier {
@@ -979,7 +1007,8 @@ mod tests {
       },
     )
     .await;
-    let reqs = resolve_npm_package_reqs(&graph)
+    let reqs = resolve_graph_npm_info(&graph)
+      .package_reqs
       .into_iter()
       .map(|r| r.to_string())
       .collect::<Vec<_>>();
diff --git a/cli/npm/resolvers/mod.rs b/cli/npm/resolvers/mod.rs
index 767187f5e5e5e2..4307f2b2eca96c 100644
--- a/cli/npm/resolvers/mod.rs
+++ b/cli/npm/resolvers/mod.rs
@@ -95,59 +95,51 @@ impl NpmPackageResolver {
     no_npm: bool,
     local_node_modules_path: Option<PathBuf>,
   ) -> Self {
-    Self::new_with_maybe_snapshot(
+    Self::new_inner(cache, api, no_npm, local_node_modules_path, None, None)
+  }
+
+  pub async fn new_with_maybe_lockfile(
+    cache: NpmCache,
+    api: RealNpmRegistryApi,
+    no_npm: bool,
+    local_node_modules_path: Option<PathBuf>,
+    maybe_lockfile: Option<Arc<Mutex<Lockfile>>>,
+  ) -> Result<Self, AnyError> {
+    let maybe_snapshot = if let Some(lockfile) = &maybe_lockfile {
+      if lockfile.lock().overwrite {
+        None
+      } else {
+        Some(
+          NpmResolutionSnapshot::from_lockfile(lockfile.clone(), &api)
+            .await
+            .with_context(|| {
+              format!(
+                "failed reading lockfile '{}'",
+                lockfile.lock().filename.display()
+              )
+            })?,
+        )
+      }
+    } else {
+      None
+    };
+    Ok(Self::new_inner(
       cache,
       api,
       no_npm,
       local_node_modules_path,
-      None,
-    )
+      maybe_snapshot,
+      maybe_lockfile,
+    ))
   }
 
-  /// This function will replace current resolver with a new one built from a
-  /// snapshot created out of the lockfile.
-  pub async fn add_lockfile_and_maybe_regenerate_snapshot(
-    &mut self,
-    lockfile: Arc<Mutex<Lockfile>>,
-  ) -> Result<(), AnyError> {
-    self.maybe_lockfile = Some(lockfile.clone());
-
-    if lockfile.lock().overwrite {
-      return Ok(());
-    }
-
-    let snapshot =
-      NpmResolutionSnapshot::from_lockfile(lockfile.clone(), &self.api)
-        .await
-        .with_context(|| {
-          format!(
-            "failed reading lockfile '{}'",
-            lockfile.lock().filename.display()
-          )
-        })?;
-    if let Some(node_modules_folder) = &self.local_node_modules_path {
-      self.inner = Arc::new(LocalNpmPackageResolver::new(
-        self.cache.clone(),
-        self.api.clone(),
-        node_modules_folder.clone(),
-        Some(snapshot),
-      ));
-    } else {
-      self.inner = Arc::new(GlobalNpmPackageResolver::new(
-        self.cache.clone(),
-        self.api.clone(),
-        Some(snapshot),
-      ));
-    }
-    Ok(())
-  }
-
-  fn new_with_maybe_snapshot(
+  fn new_inner(
     cache: NpmCache,
     api: RealNpmRegistryApi,
     no_npm: bool,
     local_node_modules_path: Option<PathBuf>,
     initial_snapshot: Option<NpmResolutionSnapshot>,
+    maybe_lockfile: Option<Arc<Mutex<Lockfile>>>,
   ) -> Self {
     let process_npm_state = NpmProcessState::take();
     let local_node_modules_path = local_node_modules_path.or_else(|| {
@@ -177,7 +169,7 @@ impl NpmPackageResolver {
       local_node_modules_path,
       api,
       cache,
-      maybe_lockfile: None,
+      maybe_lockfile,
     }
   }
 
@@ -320,12 +312,13 @@ impl NpmPackageResolver {
 
   /// Gets a new resolver with a new snapshotted state.
   pub fn snapshotted(&self) -> Self {
-    Self::new_with_maybe_snapshot(
+    Self::new_inner(
       self.cache.clone(),
       self.api.clone(),
       self.no_npm,
       self.local_node_modules_path.clone(),
       Some(self.snapshot()),
+      None,
     )
   }
 
@@ -336,6 +329,19 @@ impl NpmPackageResolver {
   pub fn lock(&self, lockfile: &mut Lockfile) -> Result<(), AnyError> {
     self.inner.lock(lockfile)
   }
+
+  pub async fn inject_synthetic_types_node_package(
+    &self,
+  ) -> Result<(), AnyError> {
+    // add and ensure this isn't added to the lockfile
+    self
+      .inner
+      .add_package_reqs(vec![NpmPackageReq::from_str("@types/node").unwrap()])
+      .await?;
+    self.inner.cache_packages().await?;
+
+    Ok(())
+  }
 }
 
 impl RequireNpmResolver for NpmPackageResolver {
diff --git a/cli/proc_state.rs b/cli/proc_state.rs
index 16e80d6f6eb66c..fd5ad484073b1d 100644
--- a/cli/proc_state.rs
+++ b/cli/proc_state.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use crate::graph_util::ModuleEntry;
 use crate::http_util::HttpClient;
 use crate::node;
 use crate::node::NodeResolution;
-use crate::npm::resolve_npm_package_reqs;
+use crate::npm::resolve_graph_npm_info;
 use crate::npm::NpmCache;
 use crate::npm::NpmPackageReference;
 use crate::npm::NpmPackageResolver;
@@ -261,20 +261,16 @@ impl ProcState {
       http_client.clone(),
       progress_bar.clone(),
     );
-    let maybe_lockfile = lockfile.as_ref().cloned();
-    let mut npm_resolver = NpmPackageResolver::new(
+    let npm_resolver = NpmPackageResolver::new_with_maybe_lockfile(
       npm_cache.clone(),
       api,
       cli_options.no_npm(),
       cli_options
         .resolve_local_node_modules_folder()
         .with_context(|| "Resolving local node_modules folder.")?,
-    );
-    if let Some(lockfile) = maybe_lockfile {
-      npm_resolver
-        .add_lockfile_and_maybe_regenerate_snapshot(lockfile)
-        .await?;
-    }
+      lockfile.as_ref().cloned(),
+    )
+    .await?;
     let node_analysis_cache =
       NodeAnalysisCache::new(Some(dir.node_analysis_db_file_path()));
 
@@ -424,7 +420,7 @@ impl ProcState {
       graph_data.entries().map(|(s, _)| s).cloned().collect()
     };
 
-    let npm_package_reqs = {
+    let (npm_package_reqs, has_node_builtin_specifier) = {
       let mut graph_data = self.graph_data.write();
       graph_data.add_graph(&graph);
       let check_js = self.options.check_js();
@@ -435,7 +431,10 @@ impl ProcState {
           check_js,
         )
         .unwrap()?;
-      graph_data.npm_package_reqs().clone()
+      (
+        graph_data.npm_package_reqs().clone(),
+        graph_data.has_node_builtin_specifier(),
+      )
     };
 
     if !npm_package_reqs.is_empty() {
@@ -443,6 +442,15 @@ impl ProcState {
       self.prepare_node_std_graph().await?;
     }
 
+    if has_node_builtin_specifier
+      && self.options.type_check_mode() != TypeCheckMode::None
+    {
+      self
+        .npm_resolver
+        .inject_synthetic_types_node_package()
+        .await?;
+    }
+
     drop(_pb_clear_guard);
 
     // type check if necessary
@@ -614,6 +622,11 @@ impl ProcState {
       }
     }
 
+    // Built-in Node modules
+    if let Some(module_name) = specifier.strip_prefix("node:") {
+      return node::resolve_builtin_node_module(module_name);
+    }
+
     // FIXME(bartlomieju): this is a hacky way to provide compatibility with REPL
     // and `Deno.core.evalContext` API. Ideally we should always have a referrer filled
     // but sadly that's not the case due to missing APIs in V8.
@@ -732,9 +745,20 @@ impl ProcState {
     .await;
 
     // add the found npm package requirements to the npm resolver and cache them
-    let npm_package_reqs = resolve_npm_package_reqs(&graph);
-    if !npm_package_reqs.is_empty() {
-      self.npm_resolver.add_package_reqs(npm_package_reqs).await?;
+    let graph_npm_info = resolve_graph_npm_info(&graph);
+    if !graph_npm_info.package_reqs.is_empty() {
+      self
+        .npm_resolver
+        .add_package_reqs(graph_npm_info.package_reqs)
+        .await?;
+    }
+    if graph_npm_info.has_node_builtin_specifier
+      && self.options.type_check_mode() != TypeCheckMode::None
+    {
+      self
+        .npm_resolver
+        .inject_synthetic_types_node_package()
+        .await?;
     }
 
     Ok(graph)
diff --git a/cli/tests/integration/check_tests.rs b/cli/tests/integration/check_tests.rs
index 38301f079466f3..66433f81dadd14 100644
--- a/cli/tests/integration/check_tests.rs
+++ b/cli/tests/integration/check_tests.rs
@@ -64,6 +64,18 @@ itest!(check_static_response_json {
   exit_code: 0,
 });
 
+itest!(check_node_builtin_modules_ts {
+  args: "check --quiet check/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts",
+  output: "check/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts.out",
+  exit_code: 1,
+});
+
+itest!(check_node_builtin_modules_js {
+  args: "check --quiet check/node_builtin_modules/mod.js",
+  output: "check/node_builtin_modules/mod.js.out",
+  exit_code: 1,
+});
+
 itest!(check_no_error_truncation {
     args: "check --quiet check/no_error_truncation/main.ts --config check/no_error_truncation/deno.json",
     output: "check/no_error_truncation/main.out",
diff --git a/cli/tests/integration/lsp_tests.rs b/cli/tests/integration/lsp_tests.rs
index 3fba65c46a5003..4f08ad84bf653e 100644
--- a/cli/tests/integration/lsp_tests.rs
+++ b/cli/tests/integration/lsp_tests.rs
@@ -4407,6 +4407,190 @@ fn lsp_npm_specifier_unopened_file() {
   }
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn lsp_completions_node_specifier() {
+  let _g = http_server();
+  let mut client = init("initialize_params.json");
+  let diagnostics = CollectedDiagnostics(did_open(
+    &mut client,
+    json!({
+      "textDocument": {
+        "uri": "file:///a/file.ts",
+        "languageId": "typescript",
+        "version": 1,
+        "text": "import fs from 'node:non-existent';\n\n",
+      }
+    }),
+  ));
+
+  let non_existent_diagnostics = diagnostics
+    .with_file_and_source("file:///a/file.ts", "deno")
+    .diagnostics
+    .into_iter()
+    .filter(|d| {
+      d.code == Some(lsp::NumberOrString::String("resolver-error".to_string()))
+    })
+    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+  assert_eq!(
+    json!(non_existent_diagnostics),
+    json!([
+      {
+        "range": {
+          "start": {
+            "line": 0,
+            "character": 15
+          },
+          "end": {
+            "line": 0,
+            "character": 34
+          }
+        },
+        "severity": 1,
+        "code": "resolver-error",
+        "source": "deno",
+        "message": "Unknown Node built-in module: non-existent"
+      }
+    ])
+  );
+
+  // update to have node:fs import
+  client
+    .write_notification(
+      "textDocument/didChange",
+      json!({
+        "textDocument": {
+          "uri": "file:///a/file.ts",
+          "version": 2
+        },
+        "contentChanges": [
+          {
+            "range": {
+              "start": {
+                "line": 0,
+                "character": 16
+              },
+              "end": {
+                "line": 0,
+                "character": 33
+              }
+            },
+            "text": "node:fs"
+          }
+        ]
+      }),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+  let diagnostics = read_diagnostics(&mut client);
+  let cache_diagnostics = diagnostics
+    .with_file_and_source("file:///a/file.ts", "deno")
+    .diagnostics
+    .into_iter()
+    .filter(|d| {
+      d.code == Some(lsp::NumberOrString::String("no-cache-npm".to_string()))
+    })
+    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+  assert_eq!(
+    json!(cache_diagnostics),
+    json!([
+      {
+        "range": {
+          "start": {
+            "line": 0,
+            "character": 15
+          },
+          "end": {
+            "line": 0,
+            "character": 24
+          }
+        },
+        "data": {
+          "specifier": "npm:@types/node",
+        },
+        "severity": 1,
+        "code": "no-cache-npm",
+        "source": "deno",
+        "message": "Uncached or missing npm package: \"@types/node\"."
+      }
+    ])
+  );
+
+  let (maybe_res, maybe_err) = client
+    .write_request::<_, _, Value>(
+      "deno/cache",
+      json!({
+        "referrer": {
+          "uri": "file:///a/file.ts",
+        },
+        "uris": [
+          {
+            "uri": "npm:@types/node",
+          }
+        ]
+      }),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+  assert!(maybe_err.is_none());
+  assert!(maybe_res.is_some());
+
+  client
+    .write_notification(
+      "textDocument/didChange",
+      json!({
+        "textDocument": {
+          "uri": "file:///a/file.ts",
+          "version": 2
+        },
+        "contentChanges": [
+          {
+            "range": {
+              "start": {
+                "line": 2,
+                "character": 0
+              },
+              "end": {
+                "line": 2,
+                "character": 0
+              }
+            },
+            "text": "fs."
+          }
+        ]
+      }),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+  read_diagnostics(&mut client);
+
+  let (maybe_res, maybe_err) = client
+    .write_request(
+      "textDocument/completion",
+      json!({
+        "textDocument": {
+          "uri": "file:///a/file.ts"
+        },
+        "position": {
+          "line": 2,
+          "character": 3
+        },
+        "context": {
+          "triggerKind": 2,
+          "triggerCharacter": "."
+        }
+      }),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+  assert!(maybe_err.is_none());
+  if let Some(lsp::CompletionResponse::List(list)) = maybe_res {
+    assert!(!list.is_incomplete);
+    assert!(list.items.iter().any(|i| i.label == "writeFile"));
+    assert!(list.items.iter().any(|i| i.label == "writeFileSync"));
+  } else {
+    panic!("unexpected response");
+  }
+
+  shutdown(&mut client);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn lsp_completions_registry() {
   let _g = http_server();
diff --git a/cli/tests/integration/run_tests.rs b/cli/tests/integration/run_tests.rs
index 564b7355fcc614..f12282b9fc89c1 100644
--- a/cli/tests/integration/run_tests.rs
+++ b/cli/tests/integration/run_tests.rs
@@ -3743,3 +3743,23 @@ fn stdio_streams_are_locked_in_permission_prompt() {
     assert_eq!(output, expected_output);
   });
 }
+
+itest!(run_node_builtin_modules_ts {
+  args: "run --quiet run/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts",
+  output: "run/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts.out",
+  envs: vec![(
+    "DENO_NODE_COMPAT_URL".to_string(),
+    test_util::std_file_url()
+  )],
+  exit_code: 0,
+});
+
+itest!(run_node_builtin_modules_js {
+  args: "run --quiet run/node_builtin_modules/mod.js",
+  output: "run/node_builtin_modules/mod.js.out",
+  envs: vec![(
+    "DENO_NODE_COMPAT_URL".to_string(),
+    test_util::std_file_url()
+  )],
+  exit_code: 0,
+});
diff --git a/cli/tests/testdata/check/node_builtin_modules/mod.js b/cli/tests/testdata/check/node_builtin_modules/mod.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..196fb9be98c008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/tests/testdata/check/node_builtin_modules/mod.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// @ts-check
+import fs from "node:fs";
+const _data = fs.readFileSync("./node_builtin.js", 123);
diff --git a/cli/tests/testdata/check/node_builtin_modules/mod.js.out b/cli/tests/testdata/check/node_builtin_modules/mod.js.out
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..97786ebaeb2980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/tests/testdata/check/node_builtin_modules/mod.js.out
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+error: TS2769 [ERROR]: No overload matches this call.
+  [WILDCARD]
+const _data = fs.readFileSync("./node_builtin.js", 123);
+                                                   ~~~
+    at file:///[WILDCARD]/node_builtin_modules/mod.js:3:52
diff --git a/cli/tests/testdata/check/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts b/cli/tests/testdata/check/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..0e62353fec5237
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/tests/testdata/check/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import fs from "node:fs";
+const _data = fs.readFileSync("./node_builtin.js", 123);
+
+// check node:module specifically because for deno check it should
+// resolve to the @types/node package, but at runtime it uses a different
+// builtin object than deno_std
+import { builtinModules } from "node:module";
+// should error about being string[]
+const _testString: number[] = builtinModules;
diff --git a/cli/tests/testdata/check/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts.out b/cli/tests/testdata/check/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts.out
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..49b762cff88a4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/tests/testdata/check/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts.out
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+error: TS2769 [ERROR]: No overload matches this call.
+  [WILDCARD]
+const _data = fs.readFileSync("./node_builtin.js", 123);
+                                                   ~~~
+    at file:///[WILDCARD]/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts:2:52
+
+TS2322 [ERROR]: Type 'string[]' is not assignable to type 'number[]'.
+  Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'number'.
+const _testString: number[] = builtinModules;
+      ~~~~~~~~~~~
+    at file:///[WILDCARD]/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts:9:7
+
+Found 2 errors.
diff --git a/cli/tests/testdata/run/node_builtin_modules/mod.js b/cli/tests/testdata/run/node_builtin_modules/mod.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..70e39be5689ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/tests/testdata/run/node_builtin_modules/mod.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+import process from "node:process";
+console.log(process.version);
diff --git a/cli/tests/testdata/run/node_builtin_modules/mod.js.out b/cli/tests/testdata/run/node_builtin_modules/mod.js.out
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..9dc2247f4d4339
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/tests/testdata/run/node_builtin_modules/mod.js.out
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+v[WILDCARD].[WILDCARD].[WILDCARD]
diff --git a/cli/tests/testdata/run/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts b/cli/tests/testdata/run/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..70e39be5689ae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/tests/testdata/run/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+import process from "node:process";
+console.log(process.version);
diff --git a/cli/tests/testdata/run/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts.out b/cli/tests/testdata/run/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts.out
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..9dc2247f4d4339
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cli/tests/testdata/run/node_builtin_modules/mod.ts.out
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+v[WILDCARD].[WILDCARD].[WILDCARD]
diff --git a/cli/tools/check.rs b/cli/tools/check.rs
index 2ab4fe498b1a49..d669a736f34b9f 100644
--- a/cli/tools/check.rs
+++ b/cli/tools/check.rs
@@ -232,10 +232,16 @@ fn get_tsc_roots(
   graph_data: &GraphData,
   check_js: bool,
 ) -> Vec<(ModuleSpecifier, MediaType)> {
-  graph_data
-    .entries()
-    .into_iter()
-    .filter_map(|(specifier, module_entry)| match module_entry {
+  let mut result = Vec::new();
+  if graph_data.has_node_builtin_specifier() {
+    // inject a specifier that will resolve node types
+    result.push((
+      ModuleSpecifier::parse("asset:///node_types.d.ts").unwrap(),
+      MediaType::Dts,
+    ));
+  }
+  result.extend(graph_data.entries().into_iter().filter_map(
+    |(specifier, module_entry)| match module_entry {
       ModuleEntry::Module {
         media_type, code, ..
       } => match media_type {
@@ -252,8 +258,9 @@ fn get_tsc_roots(
         _ => None,
       },
       _ => None,
-    })
-    .collect()
+    },
+  ));
+  result
 }
 
 /// Matches the `@ts-check` pragma.
diff --git a/cli/tsc/00_typescript.js b/cli/tsc/00_typescript.js
index 789de3a66af134..3fbf4624a2b952 100644
--- a/cli/tsc/00_typescript.js
+++ b/cli/tsc/00_typescript.js
@@ -91389,10 +91389,15 @@ var ts;
     var deno;
     (function (deno) {
         var isNodeSourceFile = function () { return false; };
+        var nodeBuiltInModuleNames = new ts.Set();
         function setIsNodeSourceFileCallback(callback) {
             isNodeSourceFile = callback;
         }
         deno.setIsNodeSourceFileCallback = setIsNodeSourceFileCallback;
+        function setNodeBuiltInModuleNames(names) {
+            nodeBuiltInModuleNames = new ts.Set(names);
+        }
+        deno.setNodeBuiltInModuleNames = setNodeBuiltInModuleNames;
         // When upgrading:
         // 1. Inspect all usages of "globals" and "globalThisSymbol" in checker.ts
         //    - Beware that `globalThisType` might refer to the global `this` type
@@ -91452,8 +91457,16 @@ var ts;
             function getGlobalsForName(id) {
                 // Node ambient modules are only accessible in the node code,
                 // so put them on the node globals
-                if (ambientModuleSymbolRegex.test(id))
+                if (ambientModuleSymbolRegex.test(id)) {
+                    if (id.startsWith('"node:')) {
+                        // check if it's a node specifier that we support
+                        var name = id.slice(6, -1);
+                        if (nodeBuiltInModuleNames.has(name)) {
+                            return globals;
+                        }
+                    }
                     return nodeGlobals;
+                }
                 return nodeOnlyGlobalNames.has(id) ? nodeGlobals : globals;
             }
             function mergeGlobalSymbolTable(node, source, unidirectional) {
diff --git a/cli/tsc/99_main_compiler.js b/cli/tsc/99_main_compiler.js
index a0219fe13bce47..138b24ba0d8982 100644
--- a/cli/tsc/99_main_compiler.js
+++ b/cli/tsc/99_main_compiler.js
@@ -855,25 +855,7 @@ delete Object.prototype.__proto__;
       ...program.getOptionsDiagnostics(),
       ...program.getGlobalDiagnostics(),
       ...program.getSemanticDiagnostics(),
-    ].filter((diagnostic) => {
-      if (IGNORED_DIAGNOSTICS.includes(diagnostic.code)) {
-        return false;
-      } else if (
-        diagnostic.code === 1259 &&
-        typeof diagnostic.messageText === "string" &&
-        diagnostic.messageText.startsWith(
-          "Module '\"deno:///missing_dependency.d.ts\"' can only be default-imported using the 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports' flag",
-        )
-      ) {
-        // For now, ignore diagnostics like:
-        // > TS1259 [ERROR]: Module '"deno:///missing_dependency.d.ts"' can only be default-imported using the 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports' flag
-        // This diagnostic has surfaced due to supporting node cjs imports because this module does `export =`.
-        // See discussion in https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/pull/51136
-        return false;
-      } else {
-        return true;
-      }
-    });
+    ].filter((diagnostic) => !IGNORED_DIAGNOSTICS.includes(diagnostic.code));
 
     // emit the tsbuildinfo file
     // @ts-ignore: emitBuildInfo is not exposed (https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/49871)
@@ -1273,9 +1255,11 @@ delete Object.prototype.__proto__;
 
   // A build time only op that provides some setup information that is used to
   // ensure the snapshot is setup properly.
-  /** @type {{ buildSpecifier: string; libs: string[] }} */
+  /** @type {{ buildSpecifier: string; libs: string[]; nodeBuiltInModuleNames: string[] }} */
+  const { buildSpecifier, libs, nodeBuiltInModuleNames } = ops.op_build_info();
+
+  ts.deno.setNodeBuiltInModuleNames(nodeBuiltInModuleNames);
 
-  const { buildSpecifier, libs } = ops.op_build_info();
   for (const lib of libs) {
     const specifier = `lib.${lib}.d.ts`;
     // we are using internal APIs here to "inject" our custom libraries into
diff --git a/cli/tsc/compiler.d.ts b/cli/tsc/compiler.d.ts
index ab6f95bd359553..03784ae84b3ea9 100644
--- a/cli/tsc/compiler.d.ts
+++ b/cli/tsc/compiler.d.ts
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ declare global {
       function setIsNodeSourceFileCallback(
         callback: (sourceFile: SourceFile) => boolean,
       );
+      function setNodeBuiltInModuleNames(names: string[]);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/cli/tsc/diagnostics.rs b/cli/tsc/diagnostics.rs
index fb7304c9bedae7..b3026d934793ab 100644
--- a/cli/tsc/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/cli/tsc/diagnostics.rs
@@ -299,9 +299,11 @@ impl Diagnostic {
 
   fn fmt_related_information(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
     if let Some(related_information) = self.related_information.as_ref() {
-      write!(f, "\n\n")?;
-      for info in related_information {
-        info.fmt_stack(f, 4)?;
+      if !related_information.is_empty() {
+        write!(f, "\n\n")?;
+        for info in related_information {
+          info.fmt_stack(f, 4)?;
+        }
       }
     }
 
diff --git a/cli/tsc/mod.rs b/cli/tsc/mod.rs
index 3da2f5f2520643..439a0de20d4ce0 100644
--- a/cli/tsc/mod.rs
+++ b/cli/tsc/mod.rs
@@ -165,6 +165,12 @@ pub static LAZILY_LOADED_STATIC_ASSETS: Lazy<
       "lib.webworker.iterable.d.ts",
       inc!("lib.webworker.iterable.d.ts"),
     ),
+    (
+      // Special file that can be used to inject the @types/node package.
+      // This is used for `node:` specifiers.
+      "node_types.d.ts",
+      "/// <reference types=\"npm:@types/node\" />\n",
+    ),
   ])
   .iter()
   .cloned()
@@ -599,117 +605,133 @@ fn op_resolve(
       "Error converting a string module specifier for \"op_resolve\".",
     )?
   };
-  for specifier in &args.specifiers {
+  for specifier in args.specifiers {
+    if let Some(module_name) = specifier.strip_prefix("node:") {
+      if crate::node::resolve_builtin_node_module(module_name).is_ok() {
+        // return itself for node: specifiers because during type checking
+        // we resolve to the ambient modules in the @types/node package
+        // rather than deno_std/node
+        resolved.push((specifier, MediaType::Dts.to_string()));
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+
     if specifier.starts_with("asset:///") {
-      resolved.push((
-        specifier.clone(),
-        MediaType::from(specifier).as_ts_extension().to_string(),
-      ));
-    } else {
-      let graph_data = state.graph_data.read();
-      let resolved_dep = match graph_data.get_dependencies(&referrer) {
-        Some(dependencies) => dependencies.get(specifier).map(|d| {
-          if matches!(d.maybe_type, Resolved::Ok { .. }) {
-            &d.maybe_type
-          } else {
-            &d.maybe_code
-          }
-        }),
-        None => None,
-      };
-      let maybe_result = match resolved_dep {
-        Some(Resolved::Ok { specifier, .. }) => {
-          let specifier = graph_data.follow_redirect(specifier);
-          match graph_data.get(&specifier) {
-            Some(ModuleEntry::Module {
-              media_type,
-              maybe_types,
-              ..
-            }) => match maybe_types {
-              Some(Resolved::Ok { specifier, .. }) => {
-                let types = graph_data.follow_redirect(specifier);
-                match graph_data.get(&types) {
-                  Some(ModuleEntry::Module { media_type, .. }) => {
-                    Some((types, *media_type))
-                  }
-                  _ => None,
+      let media_type =
+        MediaType::from(&specifier).as_ts_extension().to_string();
+      resolved.push((specifier, media_type));
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    let graph_data = state.graph_data.read();
+    let resolved_dep = match graph_data.get_dependencies(&referrer) {
+      Some(dependencies) => dependencies.get(&specifier).map(|d| {
+        if matches!(d.maybe_type, Resolved::Ok { .. }) {
+          &d.maybe_type
+        } else {
+          &d.maybe_code
+        }
+      }),
+      None => None,
+    };
+    let maybe_result = match resolved_dep {
+      Some(Resolved::Ok { specifier, .. }) => {
+        let specifier = graph_data.follow_redirect(specifier);
+        match graph_data.get(&specifier) {
+          Some(ModuleEntry::Module {
+            media_type,
+            maybe_types,
+            ..
+          }) => match maybe_types {
+            Some(Resolved::Ok { specifier, .. }) => {
+              let types = graph_data.follow_redirect(specifier);
+              match graph_data.get(&types) {
+                Some(ModuleEntry::Module { media_type, .. }) => {
+                  Some((types, *media_type))
                 }
+                _ => None,
               }
-              _ => Some((specifier, *media_type)),
-            },
-            _ => {
-              // handle npm:<package> urls
-              if let Ok(npm_ref) =
-                NpmPackageReference::from_specifier(&specifier)
-              {
-                if let Some(npm_resolver) = &state.maybe_npm_resolver {
-                  Some(resolve_npm_package_reference_types(
-                    &npm_ref,
-                    npm_resolver,
-                  )?)
-                } else {
-                  None
-                }
+            }
+            _ => Some((specifier, *media_type)),
+          },
+          _ => {
+            // handle npm:<package> urls
+            if let Ok(npm_ref) = NpmPackageReference::from_specifier(&specifier)
+            {
+              if let Some(npm_resolver) = &state.maybe_npm_resolver {
+                Some(resolve_npm_package_reference_types(
+                  &npm_ref,
+                  npm_resolver,
+                )?)
               } else {
                 None
               }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        _ => {
-          state.maybe_npm_resolver.as_ref().and_then(|npm_resolver| {
-            if npm_resolver.in_npm_package(&referrer) {
-              // we're in an npm package, so use node resolution
-              Some(NodeResolution::into_specifier_and_media_type(
-                node::node_resolve(
-                  specifier,
-                  &referrer,
-                  NodeResolutionMode::Types,
-                  npm_resolver,
-                  &mut PermissionsContainer::allow_all(),
-                )
-                .ok()
-                .flatten(),
-              ))
             } else {
               None
             }
-          })
+          }
         }
-      };
-      let result = match maybe_result {
-        Some((specifier, media_type)) => {
-          let specifier_str = match specifier.scheme() {
-            "data" | "blob" => {
-              let specifier_str = hash_url(&specifier, media_type);
+      }
+      _ => {
+        if let Some(npm_resolver) = state.maybe_npm_resolver.as_ref() {
+          if npm_resolver.in_npm_package(&referrer) {
+            // we're in an npm package, so use node resolution
+            Some(NodeResolution::into_specifier_and_media_type(
+              node::node_resolve(
+                &specifier,
+                &referrer,
+                NodeResolutionMode::Types,
+                npm_resolver,
+                &mut PermissionsContainer::allow_all(),
+              )
+              .ok()
+              .flatten(),
+            ))
+          } else if let Ok(npm_ref) = NpmPackageReference::from_str(&specifier)
+          {
+            // this could occur when resolving npm:@types/node when it is
+            // injected and not part of the graph
+            Some(resolve_npm_package_reference_types(&npm_ref, npm_resolver)?)
+          } else {
+            None
+          }
+        } else {
+          None
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    let result = match maybe_result {
+      Some((specifier, media_type)) => {
+        let specifier_str = match specifier.scheme() {
+          "data" | "blob" => {
+            let specifier_str = hash_url(&specifier, media_type);
+            state
+              .remapped_specifiers
+              .insert(specifier_str.clone(), specifier);
+            specifier_str
+          }
+          _ => {
+            if let Some(specifier_str) =
+              maybe_remap_specifier(&specifier, media_type)
+            {
               state
                 .remapped_specifiers
                 .insert(specifier_str.clone(), specifier);
               specifier_str
+            } else {
+              specifier.to_string()
             }
-            _ => {
-              if let Some(specifier_str) =
-                maybe_remap_specifier(&specifier, media_type)
-              {
-                state
-                  .remapped_specifiers
-                  .insert(specifier_str.clone(), specifier);
-                specifier_str
-              } else {
-                specifier.to_string()
-              }
-            }
-          };
-          (specifier_str, media_type.as_ts_extension().into())
-        }
-        None => (
-          "deno:///missing_dependency.d.ts".to_string(),
-          ".d.ts".to_string(),
-        ),
-      };
-      log::debug!("Resolved {} to {:?}", specifier, result);
-      resolved.push(result);
-    }
+          }
+        };
+        (specifier_str, media_type.as_ts_extension().into())
+      }
+      None => (
+        "deno:///missing_dependency.d.ts".to_string(),
+        ".d.ts".to_string(),
+      ),
+    };
+    log::debug!("Resolved {} to {:?}", specifier, result);
+    resolved.push(result);
   }
 
   Ok(resolved)
diff --git a/ext/node/lib.rs b/ext/node/lib.rs
index 8a36e95fa27fde..3eda1895852cc6 100644
--- a/ext/node/lib.rs
+++ b/ext/node/lib.rs
@@ -675,3 +675,197 @@ fn op_require_break_on_next_statement(state: &mut OpState) {
     .borrow_mut()
     .wait_for_session_and_break_on_next_statement()
 }
+
+pub struct NodeModulePolyfill {
+  /// Name of the module like "assert" or "timers/promises"
+  pub name: &'static str,
+
+  /// Specifier relative to the root of `deno_std` repo, like "node/assert.ts"
+  pub specifier: &'static str,
+}
+
+pub static SUPPORTED_BUILTIN_NODE_MODULES: &[NodeModulePolyfill] = &[
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "assert",
+    specifier: "node/assert.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "assert/strict",
+    specifier: "node/assert/strict.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "async_hooks",
+    specifier: "node/async_hooks.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "buffer",
+    specifier: "node/buffer.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "child_process",
+    specifier: "node/child_process.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "cluster",
+    specifier: "node/cluster.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "console",
+    specifier: "node/console.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "constants",
+    specifier: "node/constants.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "crypto",
+    specifier: "node/crypto.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "dgram",
+    specifier: "node/dgram.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "dns",
+    specifier: "node/dns.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "dns/promises",
+    specifier: "node/dns/promises.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "domain",
+    specifier: "node/domain.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "events",
+    specifier: "node/events.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "fs",
+    specifier: "node/fs.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "fs/promises",
+    specifier: "node/fs/promises.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "http",
+    specifier: "node/http.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "https",
+    specifier: "node/https.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "module",
+    // NOTE(bartlomieju): `module` is special, because we don't want to use
+    // `deno_std/node/module.ts`, but instead use a special shim that we
+    // provide in `ext/node`.
+    specifier: "[USE `deno_node::MODULE_ES_SHIM` to get this module]",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "net",
+    specifier: "node/net.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "os",
+    specifier: "node/os.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "path",
+    specifier: "node/path.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "path/posix",
+    specifier: "node/path/posix.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "path/win32",
+    specifier: "node/path/win32.ts",
+  },
+  NodeModulePolyfill {
+    name: "perf_hooks",
+    specifier: "node/perf_hooks.ts",
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