Test-DbaLsnChain.ps1

function Test-DbaLsnChain
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS 
Checks that a filtered array from Get-FilteredRestore contains a restorabel chain of LSNs

.DESCRIPTION
Finds the anchoring Full backup (or multiple if it's a striped set).
Then filters to ensure that all the backups are from that anchor point (LastLSN) and that they're all on the same RecoveryForkID
Then checks that we have either enough Diffs and T-log backups to get to where we want to go. And checks that there is no break between
LastLSN and FirstLSN in sequential files
	
.PARAMETER FilterdRestoreFiles
This is just an object consisting of the output from Read-DbaBackupHeader. Normally this will have been filtered down to a restorable chain 
before arriving here. (ie; only 1 anchoring Full backup)
	
.NOTES 
Original Author: Stuart Moore (@napalmgram), stuart-moore.com

dbatools PowerShell module (https://dbatools.io, clemaire@gmail.com)
Copyright (C) 2016 Chrissy LeMaire

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

.EXAMPLE
Test-DbaLsnChain -FilteredRestoreFiles $FilteredFiles

Checks that the Restore chain in $FilteredFiles is complete and can be fully restored

#>
	[CmdletBinding()]
	Param (
		[parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
        [object[]]$FilteredRestoreFiles
	)

    #Need to anchor  with full backup:
    $FunctionName =(Get-PSCallstack)[0].Command
    Write-Verbose "$FunctionName - Testing LSN Chain"
    $FullDBAnchor = $FilteredRestoreFiles | Where-Object {$_.BackupTypeDescription -eq 'Database'}
    if (($FullDBAnchor | Group-Object -Property FirstLSN | Measure-Object).count -ne 1)
    {
        $cnt = ($FullDBAnchor | Group-Object -Property FirstLSN | Measure-Object).count
        Foreach ($tFile in $FullDBAnchor){write-verbose "$($tfile.FirstLsn) - $($tfile.BackupTypeDescription)"}
        Write-Verbose "$FunctionName - db count = $cnt"
        Write-Warning "$FunctionName - More than 1 full backup from a different LSN, or less than 1, neither supported"

        return $false
        break;
    }

    #Via LSN chain:
    $CheckPointLSN = ($FullDBAnchor | Select-Object -First 1).CheckPointLSN
    $FullDBLastLSN = ($FullDBAnchor | Select-Object -First 1).LastLSN 
    $BackupWrongLSN = $FilteredRestoreFiles | Where-Object {$_.DatabaseBackupLSN -ne $CheckPointLSN}
    #Should be 0 in there, if not, lets check that they're from during the full backup
    if ($BackupWrongLSN.count -gt 0 ) 
    {
        if (($BackupWrongLSN | Where-Object {$_.LastLSN -lt $FullDBLastLSN}).count -gt 0)
        {
            Write-Warning "$FunctionName - We have non matching LSNs - not supported"
            return $false
            break;
        }
    }
    $DiffAnchor = $FilteredRestoreFiles | Where-Object {$_.BackupTypeDescription -eq 'Database Differential'}
    #Check for no more than a single Differential backup
    if (($DiffAnchor.FirstLSN | Select-Object -unique | Measure-Object).count -gt 1)
    {
        Write-Warning "$FunctionName - More than 1 differential backup, not  supported"
        return $false
        break;        
    } 
    elseif (($DiffAnchor | Measure-Object).count -eq 1)
    {
        $TlogAnchor = $DiffAnchor
    } 
    else 
    {
        $TlogAnchor = $FullDBAnchor
    }


    #Check T-log LSNs form a chain.
    $TranLogBackups = $FilteredRestoreFiles | Where-Object {$_.BackupTypeDescription -eq 'Transaction Log' -and $_.DatabaseBackupLSN -eq $FullDBAnchor.CheckPointLSN} | Sort-Object -Property LastLSN
    for ($i=0; $i -lt ($TranLogBackups.count)-1)
    {
        if ($i -eq 0)
        {
            if ($TranLogBackups[$i].FirstLSN -gt $TlogAnchor.LastLSN)
            {
                Write-Warning "$FunctionName - Break in LSN Chain between $($TlogAnchor.BackupPath) and $($TranLogBackups[($i)].BackupPath) "
                return $false
                break
            }
        }else {
            if ($TranLogBackups[($i-1)].LastLsn -ne $TranLogBackups[($i)].FirstLSN -and ($TranLogBackups[($i)] -ne $TranLogBackups[($i-1)]))
            {
                Write-Warning "$FunctionName - Break in transaction log between $($TranLogBackups[($i-1)].BackupPath) and $($TranLogBackups[($i)].BackupPath) "
                return $false
                break
            }
        }
        $i++

    }  
    Write-Verbose "$FunctionName - Passed LSN Chain checks" 
    return $true
}