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splitting lesson02 and lesson03
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‎lessons/lesson02.md

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## Lesson 02 - Command Line and Bash
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## Lesson 02 - Command Line Part I
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Skills you will learn in this lesson:
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* Moving between directories and creating/removing files
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* Working with commands and processes
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* Moving between directories
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* Absolute and relative paths
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* Creating, moving, and removing files and directories
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* Investigating text files
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* Parsing files
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* Working with input and output
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* Absolute and relative paths, symbolic links
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* Bash variables and commands
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* Text editors: nano, vim, emacs, Atom, Sublime Text, MacDown
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* Executing bash scripts and dot-files (e.g., `.bash_profile`)
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* Setting up your Terminal settings and bash environment
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* Working with commands and processes
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* GUI and command-line text editors
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* Setting up your bash environment
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### Basic commands
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#### Moving between directories and creating/removing files
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#### Moving between directories
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* `pwd` -- print working directory
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* `ls` -- list contents of working directory
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* `cd DIRECTORY` -- change to directory
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* `cd` -- change to home directory
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* `cd -` -- change to previous directory
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#### Absolute and relative paths
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* `.` -- current directory
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* `..` -- one directory up
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* `../..` -- two directories up
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* `/` -- root directory
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* `~` -- home directory
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#### Creating, moving, and removing files and directories
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* `mkdir DIRECTORY` -- make directory
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* `rmdir DIRECTORY` -- remove empty directory
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* `touch FILE` -- create an empty file
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* `touch FILE` -- create an empty file or change file modification time
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* `cat FILE` -- print contents of file
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* `cat > FILE` -- write to file
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* `cat >> FILE` -- append to file
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* `cp FILE1 FILE2` -- copy file
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* `mv FILE1 FILE2` -- move file
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* `rm FILE` -- remove file
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* `exit` -- close the current session
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* `ln -s FILE LINK` -- make a symbolic link
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#### Investigating text files
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* `less FILE` -- view a text file
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* `head FILE` -- first 10 lines of file
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* `tail FILE` -- last 10 lines of file
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* `wc FILE` -- count the words and characters in a file
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* `open FILE` -- open a file using default program (on a Mac)
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* `file FILE` -- get the file type for file(s)
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* `grep REGEX FILE` -- search a text file for a string or regular expression
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#### Working with commands and processes
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* `which COMMAND` -- show location of command
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* `history` -- display past commands
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* `top` -- display current processes
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* `exit` -- close the current session
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### Text editors
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For small jobs or if you want to stay inside the terminal, there are other useful programs. Note: `cat` is only useful for creating very basic files, or starting files and finishing them in a proper text editor.
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* `nano FILE` - nano is the most basic text editor (see Appendix: The Nano Text Editor at end of this lesson)
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* `emacs FILE` - emacs is a popular full-featured text editor controlled by keystrokes
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* `vim FILE` - vim or vi is a popular competitor to emacs that loads faster
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* `nano FILE` -- nano is the most basic text editor (see Appendix: The Nano Text Editor at end of this lesson)
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* `emacs FILE` -- emacs is a popular full-featured text editor controlled by keystrokes
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* `vim FILE` -- vim or vi is a popular competitor to emacs that loads faster
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### Setting up your bash environment
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alias taill='ls -lrt | tail'
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```
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### More commands
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#### Investigating text files
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* `less FILE` -- view a text file
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* `head FILE` -- first 10 lines of file
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* `tail FILE` -- last 10 lines of file
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* `wc FILE` -- count the words and characters in a file
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* `open FILE` -- open a file using default program (on a Mac)
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* `file FILE` -- get the file type for file(s)
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* `grep REGEX FILE` -- search a text file for a string or regular expression
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#### Parsing files
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* `cut -d "," -f 5- FILE` -- output 5th field through end using comma field delimiter
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* `sed 's/FIND/REPLACE/g'` -- replace text in a file
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* `perl --e 's/FIND/REPLACE/g'` -- run perl commands in the command line (advanced)
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#### Working with input and output
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* `|` -- pipe output from one command to another
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* `>` -- redirect (write) to file
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* `<` -- get output of file (other type of redirect)
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* `` `COMMAND` `` -- pass output of a command (e.g., in a for loop)
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#### Absolute and relative paths, symbolic links
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* `.` -- current directory
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* `..` -- one directory up
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* `../..` -- two directories up
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* `/` -- root directory
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* `~` -- home directory
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* `ln -s FILE LINK` -- make a symbolic link
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#### Wildcards
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* `?` - match any single character
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* `*` - match any string of characters
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* `[set]` - match any character in set
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* `[!set]` - match any character *not* in set
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#### Brace expansion
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* `{start..end}` - expand a range; e.g., `b{ed,olt,ar}s`, `{2..5}`, `{d..h}`
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#### Control keys
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* `CTRL-C` - stop current command
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* `CTRL-D` - end of input
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* `CTRL-Z` - suspend current command
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### Variables, bash scripts, and dot-files
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#### Bash variables and commands
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* `A=0` -- assign a variable
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* `echo VARIABLE` -- output the value of a variable or expression
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* `$PATH` -- your path variable
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* `$SHELL` -- your current shell
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* `$RANDOM` -- a random number
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* `$PPID` -- process ID
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* `$HOME` -- your home directory (another name for `~` or `/Users/you`)
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* `for VARIABLE in LIST; do COMMANDS; done` -- `for` loop in bash
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#### Commands
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* `bash SCRIPT.sh` -- run a bash shell script
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* `source .DOTFILE` -- run a dot-file like your .bash_profile
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#### Bash scripts
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Any of the commands we have used from the command line (the bash prompt `$`) can also be typed into a text file and executed by typing `bash SCRIPT.sh` from the command line.
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### Appendix: The Nano Text Editor
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Credit: [SDSU Department of Astronomy](http://mintaka.sdsu.edu/reu/nano.html)

‎lessons/lesson03.md

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## Lesson 03 - Command Line Part II
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Skills you will learn in this lesson:
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* Parsing files
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* Working with input and output
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* Wildcards
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* Brace expansion
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* Control keys
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* Bash variables and commands
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* Executing bash scripts and dot-files
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### More commands
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#### Parsing files
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* `cut -d "," -f 5- FILE` -- output 5th field through end using comma field delimiter
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* `sed 's/FIND/REPLACE/g'` -- replace text in a file
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* `perl --e 's/FIND/REPLACE/g'` -- run perl commands in the command line (advanced)
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#### Working with input and output
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* `|` -- pipe output from one command to another
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* `>` -- redirect (write) to file
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* `<` -- get output of file (other type of redirect)
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* `` `COMMAND` `` -- pass output of a command (e.g., in a for loop)
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#### Wildcards
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* `?` -- match any single character
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* `*` -- match any string of characters
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* `[set]` -- match any character in set
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* `[!set]` -- match any character *not* in set
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#### Brace expansion
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* `{start..end}` -- expand a range; e.g., `b{ed,olt,ar}s`, `{2..5}`, `{d..h}`
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#### Control keys
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* `CTRL-C` -- stop current command
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* `CTRL-D` -- end of input
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* `CTRL-Z` -- suspend current command
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### Variables, bash scripts, and dot-files
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#### Bash variables and commands
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* `A=0` -- assign a variable
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* `echo VARIABLE` -- output the value of a variable or expression
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* `$PATH` -- your path variable
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* `$SHELL` -- your current shell
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* `$RANDOM` -- a random number
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* `$PPID` -- process ID
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* `$HOME` -- your home directory (another name for `~` or `/Users/you`)
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* `for VARIABLE in LIST; do COMMANDS; done` -- `for` loop in bash
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#### Executing bash scripts and dot-files
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* `bash SCRIPT.sh` -- run a bash shell script
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* `source .DOTFILE` -- run a dot-file like your .bash_profile
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Any of the commands we have used from the command line (the bash prompt `$`) can also be typed into a text file and executed by typing `bash SCRIPT.sh` from the command line.

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