smb: client: fix use-after-free in cifs_oplock_break

jira VULN-131074
cve CVE-2025-38527
commit-author Wang Zhaolong <wangzhaolong@huaweicloud.com>
commit 705c791

A race condition can occur in cifs_oplock_break() leading to a
use-after-free of the cinode structure when unmounting:

  cifs_oplock_break()
    _cifsFileInfo_put(cfile)
      cifsFileInfo_put_final()
        cifs_sb_deactive()
          [last ref, start releasing sb]
            kill_sb()
              kill_anon_super()
                generic_shutdown_super()
                  evict_inodes()
                    dispose_list()
                      evict()
                        destroy_inode()
                          call_rcu(&inode->i_rcu, i_callback)
    spin_lock(&cinode->open_file_lock)  <- OK
                            [later] i_callback()
                              cifs_free_inode()
                                kmem_cache_free(cinode)
    spin_unlock(&cinode->open_file_lock)  <- UAF
    cifs_done_oplock_break(cinode)       <- UAF

The issue occurs when umount has already released its reference to the
superblock. When _cifsFileInfo_put() calls cifs_sb_deactive(), this
releases the last reference, triggering the immediate cleanup of all
inodes under RCU. However, cifs_oplock_break() continues to access the
cinode after this point, resulting in use-after-free.

Fix this by holding an extra reference to the superblock during the
entire oplock break operation. This ensures that the superblock and
its inodes remain valid until the oplock break completes.

Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=220309
Fixes: b98749c ("CIFS: keep FileInfo handle live during oplock break")
	Reviewed-by: Paulo Alcantara (Red Hat) <pc@manguebit.org>
	Signed-off-by: Wang Zhaolong <wangzhaolong@huaweicloud.com>
	Signed-off-by: Steve French <stfrench@microsoft.com>
(cherry picked from commit 705c791)
	Signed-off-by: Shreeya Patel <spatel@ciq.com>

Author: shreeya-patel98

fs/smb/client/file.c

@@ -5090,7 +5090,8 @@ void cifs_oplock_break(struct work_struct *work)
 	struct cifsFileInfo *cfile = container_of(work, struct cifsFileInfo,
 						  oplock_break);
 	struct inode *inode = d_inode(cfile->dentry);
-	struct cifs_sb_info *cifs_sb = CIFS_SB(inode->i_sb);
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	struct cifs_sb_info *cifs_sb = CIFS_SB(sb);
 	struct cifsInodeInfo *cinode = CIFS_I(inode);
 	struct cifs_tcon *tcon;
 	struct TCP_Server_Info *server;
@@ -5100,6 +5101,12 @@ void cifs_oplock_break(struct work_struct *work)
 	__u64 persistent_fid, volatile_fid;
 	__u16 net_fid;
 
+	/*
+	 * Hold a reference to the superblock to prevent it and its inodes from
+	 * being freed while we are accessing cinode. Otherwise, _cifsFileInfo_put()
+	 * may release the last reference to the sb and trigger inode eviction.
+	 */
+	cifs_sb_active(sb);
 	wait_on_bit(&cinode->flags, CIFS_INODE_PENDING_WRITERS,
 			TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
 
@@ -5172,6 +5179,7 @@ void cifs_oplock_break(struct work_struct *work)
 	cifs_put_tlink(tlink);
 out:
 	cifs_done_oplock_break(cinode);
+	cifs_sb_deactive(sb);
 }
 
 /*