typescrtipt-函数

[conan1992]

函数

• 函数类型

1. 参数类型
2. 返回值类型

let myAdd: (x: number, y: number) => number =
    function(x: number, y: number): number { return x + y; };

只要参数类型是匹配的，那么就认为它是有效的函数类型，而不在乎参数名是否正确。

• 可选参数
  在参数名旁使用 ?实现可选参数的功能

function buildName(firstName: string, lastName?: string) {
    if (lastName)
        return firstName + " " + lastName;
    else
        return firstName;
}

let result1 = buildName("Bob");  // works correctly now
let result2 = buildName("Bob", "Adams", "Sr.");  // error, too many parameters
let result3 = buildName("Bob", "Adams");  // ah, just right

可选参数必须跟在必须参数后面

• 默认参数
  在TypeScript里，我们也可以为参数提供一个默认值当用户没有传递这个参数或传递的值是undefined时。 它们叫做有默认初始化值的参数

function buildName(firstName: string, lastName = "Smith") {
    return firstName + " " + lastName;
}

let result1 = buildName("Bob");                  // works correctly now, returns "Bob Smith"
let result2 = buildName("Bob", undefined);       // still works, also returns "Bob Smith"
let result3 = buildName("Bob", "Adams", "Sr.");  // error, too many parameters
let result4 = buildName("Bob", "Adams");         // ah, just right

在所有必须参数后面的带默认初始化的参数都是可选的，与可选参数一样，在调用函数的时候可以省略。 也就是说可选参数与末尾的默认参数共享参数类型。
与普通可选参数不同的是，带默认值的参数不需要放在必须参数的后面。 如果带默认值的参数出现在必须参数前面，用户必须明确的传入 undefined值来获得默认值。

• 剩余参数

function buildName(firstName: string, ...restOfName: string[]) {
  return firstName + " " + restOfName.join(" ");
}

let employeeName = buildName("Joseph", "Samuel", "Lucas", "MacKinzie");

• this 参数
• 重载

let suits = ["hearts", "spades", "clubs", "diamonds"];

function pickCard(x: {suit: string; card: number; }[]): number;
function pickCard(x: number): {suit: string; card: number; };
function pickCard(x): any {
    // Check to see if we're working with an object/array
    // if so, they gave us the deck and we'll pick the card
    if (typeof x == "object") {
        let pickedCard = Math.floor(Math.random() * x.length);
        return pickedCard;
    }
    // Otherwise just let them pick the card
    else if (typeof x == "number") {
        let pickedSuit = Math.floor(x / 13);
        return { suit: suits[pickedSuit], card: x % 13 };
    }
}

let myDeck = [{ suit: "diamonds", card: 2 }, { suit: "spades", card: 10 }, { suit: "hearts", card: 4 }];
let pickedCard1 = myDeck[pickCard(myDeck)];
alert("card: " + pickedCard1.card + " of " + pickedCard1.suit);

let pickedCard2 = pickCard(15);
alert("card: " + pickedCard2.card + " of " + pickedCard2.suit);

参考链接

函数 ts中文网