Attention-Based CNN-BiLSTM for Sleep States Classification of Spatiotemporal Wide-Field Calcium Imaging Data

• Author:
  • Xiaohui Zhang (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, xiaohui8@illinois.edu)
  • Eric C. Landsness (Washington University in St. Louis)
  • Jin-Moo Lee (Washington University in St. Louis)
  • Joseph P. Culver (Washington University in St. Louis)
  • Mark A. Anastasio (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, maa@illinois.edu)

Introduction

The repository documented the code for implementing the attention-based bidirectional long short-term memory network to automatically classify sleep stages of spatial-temporal wide-field calcium imaging (WFCI) data. This is an extension of our previous work on applying multiplex visibility graph for automatic sleep stage classification of WFCI in order to achieve better interpretability of the model. The previous paper can be found here.

System Requirements

• Linux
• Miniconda >= 4.8.3
• MATLAB (tightplot.m function)
• Python 3.10.2.
• Tensorflow 2.7.0.
• CUDA 11.7
• SciPy, NumPy, scikit-image, sklearn, matplotlib.
• Focal loss package.

The conda environment including all necessaray packages can be created using file environment.yml in the repository:

conda env create --file environment.yml

Dataset

Part of the WFCI data used in this paper is available on PhysioNet. To note, If you're using our data, please cite:

@article{landsness2021wide,
  title={Wide-field calcium imaging sleep state database},
  author={Landsness, Eric and Zhang, Xiaohui and Chen, Wei and Miao, Hanyang and Tang, Michelle and Brier, Lindsey and Anastasio, Mark and Lee, Jin-Moo and Culver, Joseph},
  journal={PhysioNet},
  year={2021}
}

Code structure

└── Scripts
    ├── AtlasandIsbrain.mat
    ├── AttentionLayer.py
    ├── create_tfrecords_over_10s.py
    ├── create_tfrecords.py
    ├── dataloader_sleep.py
    ├── gradcam.py
    ├── main.py
    ├── model_attention_bilstm.py
    ├── mouse_split.json
    ├── train_tfrecords.sh
    ├── utils.py
    ├── visualize_lstm_attention_weights.py
    └── example_notebook.ipynb

├── Results
    ├── fragmented_sleep.m
    ├── overlay_heatmap_gradcam.m
    ├── plot_gradcam.m
    ├── plot_hypnogram.m
    ├── plot_scoring_length.m
    ├── tight_subplot.m
    └── visualize_attention_weights.m

In the Scripts folder, these are mainly the scripts for training and testing of the bidirectional LSTM model.

• main.py: the main python script to launch the network training, validation, testing, computing the Grad-CAM and extracting the temporal attention weights by defining the parameter mode in the config file train_tfrecords.sh
• create_tfrecords*.py: data preprocessing code to create tfrecords from continuous WFCI recordings. When the requested epoch lenghth is large than 10 second, the code takes additional frames in the adjacent epochs to compose the final epoch, eg., take adjacent 5-second in the epoch N-1 and epoch N+1 to compose a 20-second length for epoch N
• dataloader_sleep.py: the dataloader to create tf.dataset object for network input, need to be modified accordingly
• model_attention_bilstm.py: code for building the hybrid attention-based bi-lstm model
• AttentionLayer.py: TensorFlow wrapper functions for building various type of attention module, including the LSTM attention, the spatial SimAM and CBAM module
• gradcam.py: code to compute the Grad-CAM heatmaps
• visualize_lstm_attention_weights.py: code to visualize learned attention scores of each time steps in a given 10-s input
• mouse_split.json: config file to define the train/validation/test split
• example_notebook.ipynb: a jupyter notebook example for training model interatively

In the Results folder, these are mainly the MATLAB codes to analyze the sleep scoring results.

• plot_hypnogram.m: cpde to ploy color-coded hypnogram
• plot_gradcam.m: overlay Grad-CAM heatmap on a selected frame with the help of function overlay_heatmap_gradcam.m
• fragmented_sleep.m: code to calculate the number of sleep transitions and the average length in each of the sleep states
• visualize_attention_weights.m: visualize the color-coded attention weights

Running the Code

• The main setup for running the code is running:

./train_tfrecords.sh

by setting the mode as train for training the network, gradcam for generating the Grad-CAM heatmap for given inputs and attention_weights for extacting the temporal attention scores.

Citations

If you use our codes to classify brain states of WFCI data, and/or the example data in your research, the authors of this software would like you to cite our paper and/or conference proceedings in your related publications.

@inproceedings{zhang2023attention,
  title={Attention-based CNN-BiLSTM for sleep state classification of spatiotemporal wide-field calcium imaging data},
  author={Zhang, Xiaohui and Landsness, Eric C and Culver, Joseph P and Lee, Jin-Moo and Anastasio, Mark A},
  booktitle={Neural Imaging and Sensing 2023},
  volume={12365},
  pages={39--42},
  year={2023},
  organization={SPIE}
}

@article{zhang2022automated,
  title={Automated sleep state classification of wide-field calcium imaging data via multiplex visibility graphs and deep learning},
  author={Zhang, Xiaohui and Landsness, Eric C and Chen, Wei and Miao, Hanyang and Tang, Michelle and Brier, Lindsey M and Culver, Joseph P and Lee, Jin-Moo and Anastasio, Mark A},
  journal={Journal of neuroscience methods},
  volume={366},
  pages={109421},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{chen2022validation,
  title={Validation of Deep Learning-based Sleep State Classification},
  author={Chen, Wei and Zhang, Xiaohui and Miao, Hanyang and Tang, Michelle J and Anastasio, Mark and Culver, Joseph and Lee, Jin-Moo and Landsness, Eric C},
  journal={microPublication biology},
  volume={2022},
  year={2022},
  publisher={California Institute of Technology}
}