diff --git a/Cython/Compiler/Parsing.py b/Cython/Compiler/Parsing.py
index a906f665661..010870fa986 100644
--- a/Cython/Compiler/Parsing.py
+++ b/Cython/Compiler/Parsing.py
@@ -960,7 +960,7 @@ def p_string_literal(s, kind_override=None):
         bytes_value, unicode_value = chars.getstrings()
         if is_python3_source and has_non_ascii_literal_characters:
             # Python 3 forbids literal non-ASCII characters in byte strings
-            if kind not in ('u', 'f'):
+            if kind == 'b':
                 s.error("bytes can only contain ASCII literal characters.", pos=pos)
             bytes_value = None
     if kind == 'f':
diff --git a/tests/run/cython3_no_unicode_literals.pyx b/tests/run/cython3_no_unicode_literals.pyx
index c347fe613db..ba6143931ab 100644
--- a/tests/run/cython3_no_unicode_literals.pyx
+++ b/tests/run/cython3_no_unicode_literals.pyx
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ def no_unicode_literals():
     >>> print( no_unicode_literals() )
     True
     abcdefg
+
+    Testing non-ASCII docstrings: Πυθαγόρας
     """
     print(isinstance(str_string, str) or type(str_string))
     return str_string