Implemeted Treaps and CartesianTree

[Aimaanhasan]

References to other Issues or PRs or Relevant literature

Closes #215
Closes #106

Brief description of what is fixed or changed

Implemented CartesianTree

In insert method, it required an additional parameter, priority compared to the insert method of BinarySearchTree.
The insert method calls the insert of parent class i.e BinarySearchTree, then searches for the key, and converts the TreeNode inserted in tree, which is ArrayForTrees, to CartesianTreeNode and then do the rotations to satisfy heap property.
The delete method does the rotations first, to make the node a leaf and then calls the delete method of the parent class.

Implemented Treap

In insert method, it generates a priority which is not already generated before by maintaining a set by the name of priorities, and the calls the insert method of the parent class with priority as random number generated.

Other comments

Implemented _left_rotate and _right_rotate methods in CartesianTree because of Issue #234

[czgdp1807]

Combine this import in line 1,

TreeNode, CartesianTreeNode

[czgdp1807]

Please reference this PR in your RGSoC application.

[czgdp1807]

Tests needed to increase the code coverage. Add them to test_binary_trees.py. You can pick examples from here for testing your code. Please see the Testing section in README for details.

[czgdp1807]

Any updates?

[Aimaanhasan]

Will update soon by adding the tests

[czgdp1807]

Any news?

[czgdp1807]

This PR is almost ready. A few review comments(made above) need to be addressed.

[czgdp1807]

In addition, can you please provide a reference from where you used the tests? It would be easy to cross check if you are able to provide one.

[czgdp1807]

Please add a static method as follows,

@classmethod
def methods(cls):
    return ['method_1', 'method_2', ...., 'method_n']

Merge master into your branch and you should be able to get my point.

[czgdp1807]

@Aimaanhasan Have you enabled Allow edits from maintainers? Please do that, there are some minor changes to be made. I will make them and will push them to your branch.
And what about the following?

In addition, can you please provide a reference from where you used the tests? It would be easy to cross check if you are able to provide one.

[Aimaanhasan]

@Aimaanhasan Have you enabled Allow edits from maintainers? Please do that, there are some minor changes to be made. I will make them and will push them to your branch.
And what about the following?

In addition, can you please provide a reference from where you used the tests? It would be easy to cross check if you are able to provide one.

Allow edits from maintainers is already enabled. Moreover yes I can provide a reference. Should I add the references as docs?

[czgdp1807]

Should I add the references as docs?

Please provide it in the comments. Including them in the docs is optional. I am making some API changes in your patch. Will push them shortly.

[Aimaanhasan]

Reference for tests for CartesianTree

• URL: https://opendatastructures.org/ods-python.pdf
• Pages: 152-156

The above mentioned document is describing Treap, however, since priorities are defined manually, the functions carried out are same and in my opinion, sufficient for testing CartesianTree.

[czgdp1807]

Thanks for your patience. Merging.

[Aimaanhasan]

Likewise. I am glad I could contribute