1.2-intro-strings.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "## 2. Cadenas de caracteres\n",
    "\n",
    "Temas:\n",
    "- Como crear una cadena de caracteres\n",
    "- Interpolación de cadenas\n",
    "- Concatenación de cadenas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Como crear una cadena de caracteres (`string`)\n",
    "\n",
    "Escribir caracteres entre \" \" o \"\"\" \"\"\"!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s1 = \"Soy una cadena.\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s2 = \"\"\"Yo también soy una cadena. \"\"\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
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   "source": [
    "Hay un par de diferencias entre definir cadenas entre comillas simples y comillas triples.\n",
    "\n",
    "Una de ellas es que con las comillas triples puedo incluir comillas dentro de la cadena."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "\"Acá hay un \"error\" porque no es claro donde termina la cadena de texto. \""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "source": [
    "\"\"\"Ahora si, sin \"errores\". \"\"\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Notar que '' define caracteres, pero NO cadenas de caracteres."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "typeof('a')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "'Acá va a dar error'"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Interpolación de cadenas\n",
    "\n",
    "Podemos usar el signo $ para insertar variables preexistentes a una cadena de texto y evaluar las expresiones dentro de la cadena."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "nombre = \"Juana\"\n",
    "num_manos = 10\n",
    "num_pies = 10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "println(\"Hola, mi nombre es $nombre.\")\n",
    "println(\"Tengo $num_manos dedos en las manos y $num_pies dedos en los pies.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    " println(\"Esto es $(num_manos + num_pies) dedos en total!!!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Concatenación de cadenas\n",
    "\n",
    "Debajo hay tres formas de concatenar cadenas de texto.\n",
    "\n",
    "La primera es la función `string()`. `string()` convierte inputs en texto, independientemente de su tipo."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s3 = \"¿Cuántos gatos \";\n",
    "s4 = \"son demasiados gatos?\";\n",
    "🐱 = 10"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "string(s3, s4)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "string(\"No sé, pero \", 🐱, \" es muy poco.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "También podemos usar `*` para concatenar:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "s3*s4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Ejercicios\n",
    "\n",
    "#### 2.1 \n",
    "\n",
    "Crear una cadena de texto que dice \"hola\" 1000 veces, primero con `repeat` y después con el operador de exponente (que llama a `*` tras bambalinas). Asignar el resultado a la variable `hola`.\n",
    "\n",
    "Create a string that says \"hi\" 1000 times, first with `repeat` and then with the exponentiation operator, which can call `*` under the hood. Assign it the variable `hi` below."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "source": []
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@assert hola == \"holaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholaholahola\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### 2.2 \n",
    "\n",
    "Declarar dos variables\n",
    "\n",
    "```julia\n",
    "a = 3\n",
    "b = 4\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "y usarlas para crear dos cadenas de texto:\n",
    "\n",
    "```julia\n",
    "\"3 + 4\"\n",
    "\"7\" \n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "Guardar los resultados en `c` y `d`, respectivamente."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@assert c == \"3 + 4\"\n",
    "@assert d == \"7\""
   ]
  }
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