Modernize and streamline project packaging

[bdewilde]

Description

• modernizes python packaging by migrating all package metadata and tool configs into pyproject.toml and removing the old setup.cfg file
• updates github workflows to leverage newer actions, and adds steps to linting, type-checking, and test-publishing
• bumps key (optional, dev-only) dependency versions for pytest, mypy, black and tweaks their configs; also adds new (optional, dev-only) dependencies on isort and ruff

Motivation and Context

Python packaging continues to evolve; just keeping up ...

How Has This Been Tested?

Types of changes

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)

Checklist:

• My code follows the code style of this project.
• My change requires a change to the documentation, and I have updated it accordingly.