It is the low-latency atomic operations for a multi-threads environment for JVM.
It has similar API with java.util.concurrent.atomic but it much faster at the multi-threads environment,
you can just update imports and enjoy it.
Each time when CAS loop can't update the value, it disables current thread for a very smaller possible time to prevent stupid looping when another thread may release the value.
It is in Maven Central, and can be added to a Maven project as follows
<dependency>
<groupId>ky.korins</groupId>
<artifactId>atomic</artifactId>
<version>1.1</version>
</dependency>
It is similar with j.u.c.atomic for one concurrent thread and has 2x times lower latency for bigger concurrency.
Full benchmark:
| Benchmark | Threads | p0.00 | p0.50 | p0.90 | p0.95 | p0.99 | p0.999 | p0.9999 | p1.00 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J.u.c.atomic | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 138 | 479 |
| Korinsky | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 135 | 560 |
| J.u.c.atomic | 2 | 8 | 74 | 108 | 113 | 123 | 206 | 234 | 1716 |
| Korinsky | 2 | 8 | 14 | 64 | 92 | 164 | 300 | 536 | 2068 |
| J.u.c.atomic | 4 | 9 | 188 | 579 | 721 | 973 | 1292 | 1476 | 20576 |
| Korinsky | 4 | 9 | 137 | 340 | 490 | 1036 | 2368 | 4136 | 10384 |
| J.u.c.atomic | 8 | 9 | 550 | 868 | 1294 | 2976 | 5472 | 8095 | 131840 |
| Korinsky | 8 | 9 | 402 | 919 | 1140 | 1612 | 2168 | 2596 | 130432 |
| J.u.c.atomic | 16 | 9 | 767 | 921 | 1224 | 4424 | 130816 | 220672 | 1161216 |
| Korinsky | 16 | 9 | 772 | 1170 | 1334 | 1706 | 130816 | 220672 | 1290240 |
| J.u.c.atomic | 32 | 9 | 773 | 924 | 1202 | 4824 | 330752 | 893952 | 3313664 |
| Korinsky | 32 | 9 | 782 | 1190 | 1360 | 1834 | 330240 | 840704 | 2838528 |
| J.u.c.atomic | 64 | 9 | 772 | 926 | 1146 | 4848 | 700416 | 1812480 | 7282688 |
| Korinsky | 64 | 9 | 785 | 1204 | 1384 | 1952 | 660480 | 1730560 | 6684672 |
Measured at Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1650 v3 @ 3.50GHz at
openjdk version "9.0.1"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 9.0.1+11-Debian-1)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 9.0.1+11-Debian-1, mixed mode)
Right now it supports AtomicLong, AtomicInteger, AtomicBoolean, AtomicLongArray and AtomicIntegerArray
with Java8 compatibility API.
This atomic implemented all operation includes getAndAdd* and addAndGet* over CAS-loop,
j.u.c.atomic's getAndAdd and addAndGet* uses lock addq CPU instruction
or just i++ where i is volatile variable that much faster without concurrent threads.
JVM hasn't got a way to make very small specified sleep period. It has few different ways to add a sleep period:
Thread.onSpinWait()since Java9Thread.yield()Thread.sleep(long millis)orThread.sleep(long millis, int nanos)Object.wait(long timeout, int nanos)orObject.wait(long timeout, int nanos)LockSupport.parkNanos(long nanos)TimeUnit.sleep(x)
If we check the code we will see that:
Object.wait(0, 1)isObject.wait(1)Thread.sleep(0, 1)isThread.sleep(0)orThread.sleep(1)that depends on amount of nanosTimeUnit.sleep(X)isThread.sleep(ms, ns)
And if we made a simple test we will have results:
on my laptop with macOS I have
Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units
LockSupport.parkNanos(1) avgt 20 10553.701 ± 309.104 ns/op
LockSupport.parkNanos(10) avgt 20 13006.281 ± 73.393 ns/op
LockSupport.parkNanos(100) avgt 20 12976.135 ± 139.048 ns/op
LockSupport.parkNanos(1000) avgt 20 5795.405 ± 132.921 ns/op
LockSupport.parkNanos(10000) avgt 20 6127.251 ± 203.732 ns/op
Object.wait(0, 1) avgt 20 1351918.387 ± 7285.491 ns/op
Thread.onSpinWait() avgt 20 3.271 ± 0.047 ns/op
Thread.sleep(0) avgt 20 258.652 ± 3.411 ns/op
Thread.yield() avgt 20 225.066 ± 3.808 ns/op
on debian sid I have
Benchmark Mode Cnt Score Error Units
LockSupport.parkNanos(1) avgt 20 288.112 ± 1.606 ns/op
LockSupport.parkNanos(10) avgt 20 285.572 ± 0.784 ns/op
LockSupport.parkNanos(100) avgt 20 4674.412 ± 237.567 ns/op
LockSupport.parkNanos(1000) avgt 20 55064.592 ± 245.676 ns/op
LockSupport.parkNanos(10000) avgt 20 54860.746 ± 593.290 ns/op
Object.wait(0, 1) avgt 20 1120201.743 ± 2152.094 ns/op
Thread.onSpinWait() avgt 20 2.496 ± 0.003 ns/op
Thread.sleep(0) avgt 20 183.340 ± 2.365 ns/op
Thread.yield() avgt 20 170.595 ± 2.303 ns/op
JVM hasn't got any way to make a small specified timeout and:
Object.wait(0, 1)is about 1 msLockSupport.parkNanos(long nanos)is absolutely unpredictableThread.sleep(0)andThread.yield()very close (~13%) but depends on platformThread.onSpinWait()is faster but depends on platform and works only since Java9
Thread.onSpinWait() is converted to pause CPU instruction if the target system supports it (by CPU and by JVM),
and to nothing, when it doesn’t..
Honestly, we don't need just pause, the idea of this low-latency atomic operation is doesn't burn CPU cycles
for CAS-loop when another threads may finish same CAS-loop.
Anyway, this code is using LockSupport.parkNanos(1) because tests've shown that it is the best option.
Very short summary (only p0.9999):
Full data:
| Benchmark | Threads | p0.00 | p0.50 | p0.90 | p0.95 | p0.99 | p0.999 | p0.9999 | p1.00 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LockSupport.parkNanos(1) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 135 | 560 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(10) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 137 | 533 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(100) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 140 | 458 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(1000) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 137 | 1560 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(10000) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 136 | 473 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(25) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 139 | 460 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(250) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 130 | 1542 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(2500) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 138 | 422 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(5) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 132 | 1394 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(50) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 138 | 462 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(500) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 124 | 551 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(5000) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 136 | 536 |
| Plain() | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 138 | 479 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(1) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 133 | 1386 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(128) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 136 | 5624 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(16) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 132 | 1390 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(2) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 143 | 6544 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(32) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 135 | 462 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(4) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 133 | 489 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(64) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 135 | 327 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(8) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 137 | 485 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(1) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 133 | 439 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(128) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 135 | 1544 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(16) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 136 | 670 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(2) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 136 | 489 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(32) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 139 | 6336 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(4) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 138 | 1582 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(64) | 1 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 115 | 125 | 501 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(8) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 134 | 591 |
| Thread.onSpinWait() | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 140 | 497 |
| Thread.sleep(0) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 138 | 477 |
| Thread.sleep(1) | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 147 | 490 |
| Thread.yield() | 1 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 18 | 136 | 410 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(1) | 2 | 8 | 14 | 64 | 92 | 164 | 300 | 536 | 2068 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(10) | 2 | 8 | 15 | 57 | 81 | 141 | 242 | 363 | 3080 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(100) | 2 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 6784 | 21472 | 72320 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(1000) | 2 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 6896 | 22336 | 78848 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(10000) | 2 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 8064 | 26784 | 139264 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(25) | 2 | 8 | 15 | 60 | 83 | 143 | 251 | 374 | 816 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(250) | 2 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 5744 | 19840 | 77824 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(2500) | 2 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 8168 | 25152 | 107392 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(5) | 2 | 8 | 16 | 61 | 86 | 152 | 320 | 853 | 2620 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(50) | 2 | 8 | 14 | 70 | 107 | 225 | 540 | 939 | 20384 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(500) | 2 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 8400 | 25216 | 84352 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(5000) | 2 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 7432 | 25056 | 89088 |
| Plain() | 2 | 8 | 74 | 108 | 113 | 123 | 206 | 234 | 1716 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(1) | 2 | 10 | 15 | 122 | 462 | 2416 | 9408 | 13744 | 42304 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(128) | 2 | 8 | 89 | 114 | 122 | 137 | 216 | 248 | 9968 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(16) | 2 | 8 | 97 | 129 | 147 | 177 | 236 | 298 | 6744 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(2) | 2 | 10 | 15 | 169 | 685 | 2420 | 12720 | 25568 | 74880 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(32) | 2 | 8 | 87 | 113 | 123 | 158 | 214 | 269 | 6360 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(4) | 2 | 10 | 15 | 139 | 350 | 1242 | 2828 | 5184 | 13280 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(64) | 2 | 8 | 89 | 116 | 123 | 139 | 220 | 286 | 6488 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(8) | 2 | 8 | 92 | 146 | 164 | 435 | 1474 | 2820 | 19488 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(1) | 2 | 10 | 32 | 141 | 294 | 1374 | 3532 | 6808 | 17600 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(128) | 2 | 8 | 91 | 112 | 118 | 132 | 216 | 250 | 6344 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(16) | 2 | 8 | 93 | 128 | 146 | 171 | 255 | 567 | 1772 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(2) | 2 | 10 | 64 | 111 | 197 | 1284 | 3968 | 6637 | 12656 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(32) | 2 | 8 | 90 | 121 | 129 | 144 | 224 | 264 | 7984 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(4) | 2 | 10 | 80 | 141 | 217 | 694 | 1492 | 2288 | 5584 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(64) | 2 | 8 | 89 | 117 | 125 | 142 | 219 | 261 | 1668 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(8) | 2 | 10 | 97 | 152 | 171 | 350 | 822 | 1358 | 3092 |
| Thread.onSpinWait() | 2 | 8 | 92 | 115 | 123 | 141 | 219 | 257 | 6472 |
| Thread.sleep(0) | 2 | 8 | 24 | 57 | 74 | 127 | 234 | 375 | 1702 |
| Thread.sleep(1) | 2 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 119 | 118272 | 1107968 |
| Thread.yield() | 2 | 8 | 28 | 54 | 65 | 94 | 157 | 212 | 662 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(1) | 4 | 9 | 137 | 340 | 490 | 1036 | 2368 | 4136 | 10384 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(10) | 4 | 9 | 130 | 306 | 400 | 771 | 1470 | 2256 | 6768 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(100) | 4 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 534 | 7872 | 16240 | 52608 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(1000) | 4 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 64 | 10624 | 24960 | 190976 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(10000) | 4 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12480 | 28576 | 104448 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(25) | 4 | 9 | 147 | 304 | 393 | 793 | 1532 | 2536 | 9760 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(250) | 4 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 535 | 8384 | 18304 | 58112 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(2500) | 4 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 11456 | 25120 | 73088 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(5) | 4 | 9 | 130 | 290 | 380 | 779 | 1684 | 2747 | 6496 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(50) | 4 | 9 | 133 | 337 | 491 | 960 | 1834 | 3064 | 20384 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(500) | 4 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 47 | 10528 | 22656 | 69376 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(5000) | 4 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 10960 | 24576 | 73088 |
| Plain() | 4 | 9 | 188 | 579 | 721 | 973 | 1292 | 1476 | 20576 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(1) | 4 | 11 | 117 | 500 | 672 | 1068 | 1658 | 2268 | 5816 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(128) | 4 | 9 | 306 | 593 | 651 | 736 | 841 | 941 | 10208 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(16) | 4 | 11 | 347 | 614 | 664 | 738 | 815 | 882 | 20544 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(2) | 4 | 11 | 149 | 602 | 830 | 1278 | 1752 | 2132 | 3544 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(32) | 4 | 9 | 327 | 613 | 673 | 756 | 840 | 915 | 19776 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(4) | 4 | 11 | 269 | 568 | 699 | 903 | 1116 | 1298 | 6320 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(64) | 4 | 11 | 340 | 611 | 679 | 776 | 868 | 942 | 20736 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(8) | 4 | 11 | 322 | 628 | 718 | 868 | 1050 | 1228 | 12080 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(1) | 4 | 11 | 241 | 602 | 755 | 1102 | 1392 | 1602 | 10912 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(128) | 4 | 9 | 305 | 565 | 609 | 686 | 793 | 919 | 20640 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(16) | 4 | 11 | 323 | 609 | 660 | 764 | 908 | 999 | 7912 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(2) | 4 | 11 | 243 | 554 | 697 | 947 | 1182 | 1378 | 11104 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(32) | 4 | 11 | 320 | 575 | 633 | 758 | 945 | 1044 | 20640 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(4) | 4 | 11 | 298 | 539 | 630 | 821 | 995 | 1148 | 9840 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(64) | 4 | 11 | 323 | 567 | 619 | 768 | 932 | 1014 | 10448 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(8) | 4 | 11 | 329 | 537 | 601 | 698 | 815 | 933 | 15008 |
| Thread.onSpinWait() | 4 | 9 | 235 | 535 | 645 | 1094 | 1332 | 1508 | 20416 |
| Thread.sleep(0) | 4 | 9 | 192 | 325 | 372 | 513 | 930 | 1486 | 10512 |
| Thread.sleep(1) | 4 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 21472 | 161280 | 9093120 |
| Thread.yield() | 4 | 9 | 189 | 318 | 370 | 505 | 683 | 839 | 10464 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(1) | 8 | 9 | 402 | 919 | 1140 | 1612 | 2168 | 2596 | 130432 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(10) | 8 | 9 | 433 | 858 | 1034 | 1460 | 2042 | 2512 | 253952 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(100) | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 2716 | 11040 | 20544 | 310272 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(1000) | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 2664 | 9056 | 16960 | 193536 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(10000) | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 2500 | 10064 | 19872 | 58944 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(25) | 8 | 9 | 429 | 843 | 1026 | 1462 | 1968 | 2384 | 130560 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(250) | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 2628 | 9504 | 17792 | 207616 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(2500) | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 2220 | 8304 | 15488 | 54144 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(5) | 8 | 9 | 411 | 924 | 1150 | 1602 | 2168 | 2636 | 130304 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(50) | 8 | 9 | 409 | 887 | 1088 | 1538 | 2084 | 2508 | 68480 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(500) | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 2636 | 9024 | 19424 | 193792 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(5000) | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 2320 | 8640 | 15984 | 51712 |
| Plain() | 8 | 9 | 550 | 868 | 1294 | 2976 | 5472 | 8095 | 131840 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(1) | 8 | 11 | 566 | 1082 | 1274 | 1714 | 2216 | 2596 | 80768 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(128) | 8 | 9 | 697 | 1424 | 1714 | 2744 | 3388 | 3772 | 130560 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(16) | 8 | 9 | 722 | 1330 | 1572 | 2536 | 3148 | 3512 | 132096 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(2) | 8 | 9 | 664 | 1280 | 1488 | 2008 | 2548 | 2944 | 221184 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(32) | 8 | 9 | 707 | 1384 | 1680 | 2736 | 3388 | 3812 | 45120 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(4) | 8 | 9 | 734 | 1166 | 1368 | 2008 | 2540 | 2924 | 121088 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(64) | 8 | 9 | 727 | 1360 | 1614 | 2752 | 3464 | 3896 | 182784 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(8) | 8 | 9 | 762 | 1168 | 1358 | 2100 | 2612 | 2936 | 131328 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(1) | 8 | 11 | 710 | 1264 | 1456 | 1846 | 2540 | 3188 | 370176 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(128) | 8 | 11 | 686 | 1640 | 1930 | 2544 | 3332 | 3856 | 190720 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(16) | 8 | 11 | 675 | 1714 | 1954 | 2720 | 3464 | 4224 | 89088 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(2) | 8 | 11 | 732 | 1100 | 1282 | 1728 | 2160 | 2592 | 60992 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(32) | 8 | 11 | 646 | 1668 | 2018 | 2872 | 3492 | 3864 | 131328 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(4) | 8 | 11 | 784 | 1184 | 1362 | 1888 | 2236 | 2612 | 31328 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(64) | 8 | 10 | 646 | 1632 | 1874 | 2796 | 3532 | 3920 | 161280 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(8) | 8 | 11 | 689 | 1572 | 1780 | 2424 | 2992 | 3400 | 24032 |
| Thread.onSpinWait() | 8 | 9 | 477 | 1770 | 2088 | 2820 | 3660 | 5344 | 131328 |
| Thread.sleep(0) | 8 | 9 | 519 | 845 | 963 | 1358 | 1760 | 2112 | 50560 |
| Thread.sleep(1) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 43328 | 183040 | 1814528 |
| Thread.yield() | 8 | 9 | 521 | 946 | 1116 | 1568 | 2010 | 2416 | 41408 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(1) | 16 | 9 | 772 | 1170 | 1334 | 1706 | 130816 | 220672 | 1290240 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(10) | 16 | 8 | 766 | 1170 | 1332 | 1700 | 130816 | 220928 | 1310720 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(100) | 16 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 586 | 5728 | 13584 | 22368 | 270848 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(1000) | 16 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 549 | 6504 | 16992 | 28896 | 232960 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(10000) | 16 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 14 | 6384 | 17696 | 28544 | 310272 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(25) | 16 | 8 | 770 | 1168 | 1330 | 1698 | 130816 | 220672 | 1140736 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(250) | 16 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 122 | 6512 | 17088 | 28928 | 291328 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(2500) | 16 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 6688 | 17472 | 29600 | 259328 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(5) | 16 | 9 | 768 | 1170 | 1332 | 1700 | 130816 | 220928 | 1249280 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(50) | 16 | 9 | 768 | 1168 | 1328 | 1692 | 130816 | 220672 | 1009664 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(500) | 16 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 543 | 6472 | 17184 | 29792 | 550912 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(5000) | 16 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 15 | 6440 | 16928 | 27712 | 244480 |
| Plain() | 16 | 9 | 767 | 921 | 1224 | 4424 | 130816 | 220672 | 1161216 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(1) | 16 | 9 | 887 | 1368 | 1604 | 2072 | 131072 | 221440 | 1010688 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(128) | 16 | 9 | 1394 | 2072 | 2432 | 2920 | 132096 | 251479 | 1179648 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(16) | 16 | 9 | 1262 | 1822 | 2368 | 2836 | 131584 | 241408 | 1269760 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(2) | 16 | 8 | 987 | 1498 | 1874 | 2412 | 131072 | 230912 | 1220608 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(32) | 16 | 9 | 1330 | 1980 | 2480 | 2988 | 132096 | 242432 | 1210368 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(4) | 16 | 8 | 1015 | 1460 | 2160 | 2740 | 131072 | 230912 | 1101824 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(64) | 16 | 9 | 1366 | 2056 | 2400 | 2824 | 132096 | 251136 | 1339392 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(8) | 16 | 9 | 1070 | 1436 | 2232 | 2700 | 131072 | 231168 | 1079296 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(1) | 16 | 9 | 1011 | 2244 | 2868 | 4432 | 7056 | 10704 | 1249280 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(128) | 16 | 9 | 1446 | 2120 | 2412 | 2908 | 132352 | 270848 | 1466368 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(16) | 16 | 9 | 1434 | 3224 | 4092 | 6760 | 11696 | 20256 | 1290240 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(2) | 16 | 9 | 1052 | 2264 | 2888 | 4592 | 7272 | 11072 | 1206272 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(32) | 16 | 9 | 1470 | 2884 | 5008 | 11056 | 26368 | 85481 | 722944 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(4) | 16 | 9 | 1108 | 2448 | 3128 | 4712 | 7136 | 11424 | 764928 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(64) | 16 | 8 | 1436 | 2112 | 2436 | 3176 | 131584 | 270848 | 1045504 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(8) | 16 | 9 | 1314 | 2824 | 3552 | 5616 | 8400 | 14000 | 1388544 |
| Thread.onSpinWait() | 16 | 8 | 1416 | 2000 | 2356 | 2772 | 132096 | 251904 | 1439744 |
| Thread.sleep(0) | 16 | 9 | 814 | 2100 | 2660 | 3944 | 6200 | 9424 | 950272 |
| Thread.sleep(1) | 16 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 75136 | 173056 | 796672 |
| Thread.yield() | 16 | 9 | 906 | 2240 | 2888 | 4272 | 6528 | 9920 | 808960 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(1) | 32 | 9 | 782 | 1190 | 1360 | 1834 | 330240 | 840704 | 2838528 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(10) | 32 | 9 | 789 | 1194 | 1364 | 1826 | 330240 | 830464 | 3010560 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(100) | 32 | 9 | 10 | 1172 | 3248 | 8040 | 14512 | 20832 | 611328 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(1000) | 32 | 9 | 10 | 562 | 3252 | 10176 | 19744 | 29312 | 501760 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(10000) | 32 | 9 | 9 | 14 | 2512 | 10368 | 21632 | 32160 | 462848 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(25) | 32 | 9 | 778 | 1186 | 1356 | 1824 | 330240 | 790528 | 2797568 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(250) | 32 | 9 | 10 | 571 | 3268 | 9984 | 19296 | 28448 | 381952 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(2500) | 32 | 9 | 9 | 289 | 3016 | 10176 | 19680 | 29024 | 237056 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(5) | 32 | 9 | 781 | 1194 | 1370 | 1852 | 330240 | 830464 | 2740224 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(50) | 32 | 9 | 778 | 1188 | 1364 | 1842 | 330240 | 830464 | 2899968 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(500) | 32 | 9 | 10 | 554 | 3264 | 10256 | 20000 | 29920 | 490496 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(5000) | 32 | 9 | 9 | 15 | 2496 | 10128 | 20224 | 29983 | 954368 |
| Plain() | 32 | 9 | 773 | 924 | 1202 | 4824 | 330752 | 893952 | 3313664 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(1) | 32 | 9 | 898 | 1394 | 1654 | 2272 | 330752 | 870400 | 2957312 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(128) | 32 | 9 | 1392 | 2064 | 2384 | 91136 | 411136 | 1041683 | 3108864 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(16) | 32 | 9 | 1254 | 1862 | 2404 | 3372 | 401408 | 1041408 | 3301376 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(2) | 32 | 9 | 992 | 1528 | 1922 | 2652 | 331264 | 880640 | 2777088 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(32) | 32 | 9 | 1328 | 2026 | 2512 | 51328 | 400896 | 1001472 | 3551232 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(4) | 32 | 9 | 1017 | 1494 | 2228 | 3048 | 332800 | 907356 | 3280896 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(64) | 32 | 9 | 1376 | 2076 | 2452 | 71424 | 402432 | 1099776 | 2969600 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(8) | 32 | 9 | 1076 | 1534 | 2212 | 2856 | 360960 | 990208 | 3239936 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(1) | 32 | 9 | 1558 | 5728 | 7648 | 12816 | 22624 | 41980 | 910336 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(128) | 32 | 9 | 1442 | 2120 | 2424 | 61376 | 440832 | 1161216 | 3047424 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(16) | 32 | 9 | 2472 | 8168 | 10656 | 16544 | 29824 | 110947 | 1357824 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(2) | 32 | 9 | 1858 | 5704 | 7376 | 12176 | 21216 | 38592 | 1710080 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(32) | 32 | 9 | 1534 | 8720 | 13712 | 32160 | 130688 | 461312 | 1933312 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(4) | 32 | 9 | 2022 | 6168 | 8120 | 12848 | 22112 | 48468 | 1527808 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(64) | 32 | 9 | 1444 | 2172 | 2508 | 82304 | 385024 | 965632 | 3121152 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(8) | 32 | 9 | 2332 | 7272 | 9376 | 14752 | 25504 | 66048 | 1083392 |
| Thread.onSpinWait() | 32 | 9 | 1430 | 2026 | 2368 | 91136 | 421376 | 1089536 | 3719168 |
| Thread.sleep(0) | 32 | 9 | 1162 | 5264 | 7488 | 13664 | 26016 | 41216 | 1273856 |
| Thread.sleep(1) | 32 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 46 | 107776 | 246528 | 1337344 |
| Thread.yield() | 32 | 9 | 1168 | 5336 | 7704 | 14384 | 25568 | 46720 | 1552384 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(1) | 64 | 9 | 785 | 1204 | 1384 | 1952 | 660480 | 1730560 | 6684672 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(10) | 64 | 9 | 778 | 1196 | 1376 | 1940 | 660480 | 1810432 | 6103040 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(100) | 64 | 8 | 13 | 3032 | 4664 | 8400 | 13792 | 19552 | 1099776 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(1000) | 64 | 8 | 12 | 2940 | 4720 | 8912 | 15104 | 21856 | 1029120 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(10000) | 64 | 9 | 9 | 2692 | 5312 | 11296 | 19872 | 29024 | 777216 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(25) | 64 | 9 | 781 | 1200 | 1382 | 1944 | 661504 | 1830912 | 6086656 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(250) | 64 | 8 | 12 | 2932 | 4696 | 8832 | 14960 | 21536 | 1314816 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(2500) | 64 | 9 | 11 | 2952 | 4800 | 9168 | 15648 | 22592 | 901120 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(5) | 64 | 9 | 783 | 1202 | 1382 | 1942 | 670720 | 1761280 | 6316032 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(50) | 64 | 8 | 775 | 1190 | 1366 | 1928 | 661504 | 1740800 | 6258688 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(500) | 64 | 9 | 12 | 2960 | 4784 | 9072 | 15440 | 22304 | 1249280 |
| LockSupport.parkNanos(5000) | 64 | 9 | 10 | 2932 | 5000 | 10016 | 17152 | 24672 | 1228800 |
| Plain() | 64 | 9 | 772 | 926 | 1146 | 4848 | 700416 | 1812480 | 7282688 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(1) | 64 | 9 | 869 | 1374 | 1644 | 3352 | 1010688 | 2490368 | 7774208 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(128) | 64 | 9 | 1400 | 2108 | 2472 | 221184 | 861184 | 2547712 | 7036928 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(16) | 64 | 9 | 1272 | 1932 | 2400 | 181504 | 790528 | 2039808 | 6381568 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(2) | 64 | 9 | 993 | 1534 | 1920 | 2824 | 771072 | 2191360 | 6561792 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(32) | 64 | 9 | 1352 | 2072 | 2524 | 191488 | 860160 | 2519040 | 6733824 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(4) | 64 | 9 | 1020 | 1510 | 2224 | 3360 | 770048 | 2187264 | 7004160 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(64) | 64 | 9 | 1384 | 2108 | 2480 | 201472 | 880640 | 2678784 | 6995968 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_LockSupport_parkNanos(8) | 64 | 9 | 1068 | 1522 | 2236 | 90880 | 770048 | 1890304 | 6545408 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(1) | 64 | 9 | 2200 | 13008 | 19072 | 30816 | 53184 | 327377 | 2953216 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(128) | 64 | 9 | 1462 | 2140 | 2404 | 182272 | 971776 | 2899968 | 8929280 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(16) | 64 | 9 | 4888 | 17056 | 22560 | 36160 | 77440 | 738609 | 3444736 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(2) | 64 | 9 | 2576 | 13936 | 19712 | 33280 | 57856 | 338944 | 3252224 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(32) | 64 | 9 | 1660 | 18464 | 29856 | 75648 | 231168 | 1206272 | 4218880 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(4) | 64 | 9 | 3152 | 14768 | 20096 | 32256 | 52608 | 492032 | 3612672 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(64) | 64 | 9 | 1444 | 2156 | 2504 | 189440 | 903168 | 2392064 | 6324224 |
| Thread.onSpinWait_yield(8) | 64 | 9 | 3432 | 17984 | 24224 | 38720 | 61120 | 623616 | 3756032 |
| Thread.onSpinWait() | 64 | 9 | 1430 | 2032 | 2332 | 221440 | 880640 | 2469888 | 7266304 |
| Thread.sleep(0) | 64 | 9 | 1540 | 11200 | 18304 | 34560 | 63488 | 333114 | 4124672 |
| Thread.sleep(1) | 64 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 21632 | 150784 | 291840 | 1122304 |
| Thread.yield() | 64 | 9 | 1414 | 10352 | 16736 | 32640 | 68992 | 372224 | 3928064 |