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Yui Kwan Calvin Leung
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‎COPYRIGHT‎

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Copyright (c) 1992-1993 The Regents of the University of California.
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All rights reserved.
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Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
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documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without written agreement is
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hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and the following
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two paragraphs appear in all copies of this software.
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IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
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DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT
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OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE UNIVERSITY OF
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CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,
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INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
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AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
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ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATION TO
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PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.

‎Group 26‎

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Group 26
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Conner Frey, connerfr
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Hung Vu Viet, vuviet
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Yui Kwan Calvin Leung, yuikwanl

‎Makefile‎

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‎Makefile.common‎

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# This is part of a GNU Makefile, included by the Makefiles in
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# each of the subdirectories.
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#
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# This file includes all of the baseline code provided by Nachos.
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# Whenever you add a .h or .cc file, put it in the appropriate
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# _H,_C, or _O list.
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#
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# The dependency graph between assignments is:
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# 1. THREADS before everything else
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# 2. USERPROG must come before VM
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# 3. USERPROG can come before or after FILESYS, but if USERPROG comes
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# before (as in this distribution), then it must define FILESYS_STUB
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#
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# Other than that, you have complete flexibility.
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#
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# Also whenever you change the include structure of your program, you should
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# do a gmake depend in the subdirectory -- this will modify the Makefile
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# to keep track of the new dependency.
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# You might want to play with the CFLAGS, but if you use -O it may
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# break the thread system. You might want to use -fno-inline if
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# you need to call some inline functions from the debugger.
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# Copyright (c) 1992 The Regents of the University of California.
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# All rights reserved. See copyright.h for copyright notice and limitation
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# of liability and disclaimer of warranty provisions.
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CFLAGS = -g -Wall -Wno-unused -Wshadow -fwritable-strings $(INCPATH) $(DEFINES) $(HOST) -DCHANGED
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LDFLAGS =
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# These definitions may change as the software is updated.
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# Some of them are also system dependent
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CPP=/lib/cpp
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CC = /usr/sfw/bin/g++
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LD = /usr/sfw/bin/g++
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AS = /usr/ccs/bin/as
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PROGRAM = nachos
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THREAD_H =../threads/copyright.h\
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../threads/list.h\
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../threads/scheduler.h\
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../threads/synch.h \
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../threads/synchlist.h\
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../threads/system.h\
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../threads/thread.h\
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../threads/utility.h\
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../machine/interrupt.h\
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../machine/sysdep.h\
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../machine/stats.h\
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../machine/timer.h
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THREAD_C =../threads/main.cc\
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../threads/list.cc\
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../threads/scheduler.cc\
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../threads/synch.cc \
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../threads/synchlist.cc\
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../threads/system.cc\
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../threads/thread.cc\
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../threads/utility.cc\
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../threads/threadtest.cc\
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../machine/interrupt.cc\
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../machine/sysdep.cc\
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../machine/stats.cc\
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../machine/timer.cc
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THREAD_S = ../threads/switch.s
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THREAD_O =main.o list.o scheduler.o synch.o synchlist.o system.o thread.o \
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utility.o threadtest.o interrupt.o stats.o sysdep.o timer.o
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USERPROG_H = ../userprog/addrspace.h\
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../userprog/bitmap.h\
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../filesys/filesys.h\
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../filesys/openfile.h\
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../machine/console.h\
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../machine/machine.h\
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../machine/mipssim.h\
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../machine/translate.h
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USERPROG_C = ../userprog/addrspace.cc\
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../userprog/bitmap.cc\
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../userprog/exception.cc\
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../userprog/progtest.cc\
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../machine/console.cc\
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../machine/machine.cc\
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../machine/mipssim.cc\
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../machine/translate.cc
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USERPROG_O = addrspace.o bitmap.o exception.o progtest.o console.o machine.o \
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mipssim.o translate.o
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VM_H =
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VM_C =
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VM_O =
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FILESYS_H =../filesys/directory.h \
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../filesys/filehdr.h\
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../filesys/filesys.h \
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../filesys/openfile.h\
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../filesys/synchdisk.h\
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../machine/disk.h
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FILESYS_C =../filesys/directory.cc\
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../filesys/filehdr.cc\
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../filesys/filesys.cc\
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../filesys/fstest.cc\
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../filesys/openfile.cc\
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../filesys/synchdisk.cc\
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../machine/disk.cc
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FILESYS_O =directory.o filehdr.o filesys.o fstest.o openfile.o synchdisk.o\
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disk.o
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NETWORK_H = ../network/post.h ../machine/network.h
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NETWORK_C = ../network/nettest.cc ../network/post.cc ../machine/network.cc
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NETWORK_O = nettest.o post.o network.o
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S_OFILES = switch.o
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OFILES = $(C_OFILES) $(S_OFILES)
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$(PROGRAM): $(OFILES)
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$(LD) $(OFILES) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(PROGRAM)
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$(C_OFILES): %.o:
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$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $<
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switch.o: ../threads/switch.s
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$(CPP) $(CPP_AS_FLAGS) -P $(INCPATH) $(HOST) ../threads/switch.s > swtch.s
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$(AS) -o switch.o swtch.s
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depend: $(CFILES) $(HFILES)
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$(CC) $(INCPATH) $(DEFINES) $(HOST) -DCHANGED -M $(CFILES) > makedep
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echo '/^# DO NOT DELETE THIS LINE/+2,$$d' >eddep
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echo '$$r makedep' >>eddep
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echo 'w' >>eddep
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ed - Makefile < eddep
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rm eddep makedep
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echo '# DEPENDENCIES MUST END AT END OF FILE' >> Makefile
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echo '# IF YOU PUT STUFF HERE IT WILL GO AWAY' >> Makefile
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echo '# see make depend above' >> Makefile
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clean::
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rm -f core nachos DISK *.o swtch.s
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‎Makefile.dep‎

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# This is part of a GNU-Makefile, to specify system-dependent
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# parts of the Makefile enviroment.
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#
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# This gets included as part of the GNU-Makefile used in each of
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# the subdirectories.
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#
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# To compile Nachos on an SCF Sparc running SunOS 5.4,
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# uncomment the next four lines.
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HOST = -DHOST_SPARC -DHOST_IS_BIG_ENDIAN -DHOST_SVR4 -DHOST_SunOS5
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CPP = /usr/ccs/lib/cpp
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CPP_AS_FLAGS = -D_ASM
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LDFLAGS = -lsocket -lnsl -L/usr/ucblib -lucb
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‎README‎

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Nachos is instructional software for teaching undergraduate, and potentially
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graduate, level operating systems courses. The Nachos distribution
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comes with:
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simple baseline code for a working operating system
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a simulator for a generic personal computer/workstation
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The assignments illustrate and explore all areas of modern operating
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systems, including threads and concurrency, multiprogramming,
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system calls, virtual memory, software-loaded TLB's, file systems,
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network protocols, remote procedure call, and distributed systems.
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To get started, you should:
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1. lpr nachos.ps -- print out the paper describing nachos
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2. cd code; make print -- print out the nachos source code
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3. cd code/c++example; lpr *.ps *.h *.cc -- print out C++ primer
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4. cd code; gmake all -- compile nachos source code
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The basic Nachos system was written for a MIPS workstation. It has
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been ported to other platforms, but as of now, there are a few gotchas.
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The Nachos kernel and machine simulator run directly on the host machine,
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but user-level programs running on top of Nachos are simulated instruction-by-
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instruction. The simulator assumes MIPS object code, in little endian format.
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It would take much more work to complete the port and change the CPU
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simulator to simulate other instruction sets (although this is under
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investigation). Keeping the MIPS CPU causes a one problem:
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The Nachos kernel runs runs native mode while the user programs
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runs on the simulated CPU. This is a little weird on the non-MIPS workstations
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because the user programs are using little endian (typically) and the kernel is
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using big endian. Some information (such as the argv[] array) that
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is passed between the kernel and the user though user memory must be
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byte swapped. (Unfortunately, this isn't as easy to fix as simply
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cross-compiling to the SGI MIPS, which is big endian; in a few places,
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the simulation assumes little endian format. We're working on fixing this.)
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‎bin/Makefile‎

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# Use normal make for this Makefile
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#
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# Makefile for:
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# coff2noff -- converts a normal MIPS executable into a Nachos executable
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# disassemble -- disassembles a normal MIPS executable
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#
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# Copyright (c) 1992 The Regents of the University of California.
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# All rights reserved. See copyright.h for copyright notice and limitation
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# of liability and disclaimer of warranty provisions.
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# If the host is big endian (SPARC, SNAKE, etc):
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# change to (disassemble and coff2flat don't support big endian yet):
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# CFLAGS= -I./ -I../threads -DHOST_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
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# all: coff2noff
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CC=gcc
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#CFLAGS=-I./ -I../threads
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LD=gcc
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#all: coff2noff disassemble
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CFLAGS= -Wall -I./ -I../threads -DHOST_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
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all: coff2noff
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# converts a COFF file to Nachos object format
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coff2noff: coff2noff.o
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$(LD) coff2noff.o -o coff2noff
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# converts a COFF file to a flat address space (for Nachos version 2)
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coff2flat: coff2flat.o
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$(LD) coff2flat.o -o coff2flat
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# dis-assembles a COFF file
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disassemble: out.o opstrings.o
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$(LD) out.o opstrings.o -o disassemble
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clean:
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rm -f *.o coff2flat coff2noff disassemble out

‎bin/Makefile.orig‎

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# Use normal make for this Makefile
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#
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# Makefile for:
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# coff2noff -- converts a normal MIPS executable into a Nachos executable
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# disassemble -- disassembles a normal MIPS executable
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#
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# Copyright (c) 1992 The Regents of the University of California.
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# All rights reserved. See copyright.h for copyright notice and limitation
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# of liability and disclaimer of warranty provisions.
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# If the host is big endian (SPARC, SNAKE, etc):
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# change to (disassemble and coff2flat don't support big endian yet):
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# CFLAGS= -I./ -I../threads -DHOST_IS_BIG_ENDIAN
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# all: coff2noff
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CC=gcc
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CFLAGS=-I./ -I../threads
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LD=gcc
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all: coff2noff disassemble
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# converts a COFF file to Nachos object format
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coff2noff: coff2noff.o
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$(LD) coff2noff.o -o coff2noff
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# converts a COFF file to a flat address space (for Nachos version 2)
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coff2flat: coff2flat.o
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$(LD) coff2flat.o -o coff2flat
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# dis-assembles a COFF file
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disassemble: out.o opstrings.o
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$(LD) out.o opstrings.o -o disassemble

‎bin/coff.h‎

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/* coff.h
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* Data structures that describe the MIPS COFF format.
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*/
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struct filehdr {
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unsigned short f_magic; /* magic number */
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unsigned short f_nscns; /* number of sections */
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long f_timdat; /* time & date stamp */
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long f_symptr; /* file pointer to symbolic header */
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long f_nsyms; /* sizeof(symbolic hdr) */
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unsigned short f_opthdr; /* sizeof(optional hdr) */
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unsigned short f_flags; /* flags */
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};
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#define MIPSELMAGIC 0x0162
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#define OMAGIC 0407
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#define SOMAGIC 0x0701
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typedef struct aouthdr {
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short magic; /* see above */
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short vstamp; /* version stamp */
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long tsize; /* text size in bytes, padded to DW bdry*/
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long dsize; /* initialized data " " */
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long bsize; /* uninitialized data " " */
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long entry; /* entry pt. */
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long text_start; /* base of text used for this file */
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long data_start; /* base of data used for this file */
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long bss_start; /* base of bss used for this file */
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long gprmask; /* general purpose register mask */
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long cprmask[4]; /* co-processor register masks */
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long gp_value; /* the gp value used for this object */
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} AOUTHDR;
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#define AOUTHSZ sizeof(AOUTHDR)
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struct scnhdr {
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char s_name[8]; /* section name */
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long s_paddr; /* physical address, aliased s_nlib */
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long s_vaddr; /* virtual address */
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long s_size; /* section size */
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long s_scnptr; /* file ptr to raw data for section */
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long s_relptr; /* file ptr to relocation */
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long s_lnnoptr; /* file ptr to gp histogram */
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unsigned short s_nreloc; /* number of relocation entries */
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unsigned short s_nlnno; /* number of gp histogram entries */
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long s_flags; /* flags */
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};
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