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sample-changes.bsc
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-x e / ə
-x g / ɣ
-x q / ʔ
new categories
Nasl = m n ? ? ŋ
Xstp = p t ? ? k ʔ
Astp = ph th ? ? kh
Nstp = mb nd ? ? ng
Vstp = b d
Xafr = ? ts tl č
Aafr = ? tsh tlh čh
Xfrc = f s lh š x h
Vfrc = ? ? ? ? ɣ
Aprx = ? ? l y w
Stp = Xstp Astp Nstp Vstp
Afr = Xafr Aafr
Frc = Xfrc Vfrc
Obstr = Stp Afr Frc
Cont = Nasl Aprx
C = Nasl Stp Afr Frc Aprx
feature Vustr = æ a aa ɔ e ə o ii i u / Pstr = æʹ aʹ aaʹ ɔʹ eʹ əʹ oʹ iiʹ iʹ uʹ / Sstr = æ` a` aa` ɔ` e` ə` o` ii` i` u`
Str = Pstr Sstr
Vs = a ə i u
Vl = aa ii
V = Vs Vl
Other = ʹ
end
;-x Vustr / Sstr / Str ^Vustr C* _
;-x -rtl Vustr / Sstr / _ C* Vustr ^Str
; prenasalised → nasal
Nstp / Nasl
; [t] palatalisation
t / s / _ i
; deaffrication
Xafr / Xfrc / _
; aspirates → fricatives
Astp / Xfrc
Aafr / Xfrc
; glottal stops delete from beginning of syllable
; (except intervocalically)
ʔ / / # _
ʔ / / C _
; [ɣ] → [j] or [w]
ɣ / w / _ u
ɣ / y / _
; delete obstruents syllable-finally
Obstr / / _ [# C]
; pre-umlaut vowel shift
[a aa ə i ii u] / [æ ɔ ə e i u]
; stressed syllable umlaut
[i e æ ɔ u ə +Str] / [i e æ o u e +Str] / _ C* i
[i e æ ɔ u ə +Str] / [e æ æ ɔ o ə +Str] / _ C* e
[i e æ ɔ u ə +Str] / [e æ æ a o a +Str] / _ C* æ
[i e æ ɔ u ə +Str] / [e æ ɔ ɔ o ɔ +Str] / _ C* ɔ
[i e æ ɔ u ə +Str] / [i e ɔ o u o +Str] / _ C* u
[i e æ ɔ u ə +Str] / [e ə a ɔ o ə +Str] / _ C* ə
categories
V = æ a ɔ e ə o i u
end
; posttonic vowel syncope
V / / Str C* _
; stress clash resolution
; [V +Sstr] / [V +Vustr] / Str C* _
; [V +Sstr] / [V +Vustr] / _ C* Str
; [ɬ] → [š]
lh / š
new categories
Nasl = m n ɲ ŋ
Xstp = p t č k ʔ
Vstp = b d j
Xfrc = f s š x h
Vfrc = ? ? ? ɣ
Aprx = ? l y w
Stp = Xstp Vstp
Frc = Xfrc Vfrc
Obstr = Stp Frc
C = Nasl Stp Frc Aprx
feature Vustr = æ a aa ɔ e ə o ii i u / Pstr = æʹ aʹ aaʹ ɔʹ eʹ əʹ oʹ iiʹ iʹ uʹ / Sstr = æ` a` aa` ɔ` e` ə` o` ii` i` u`
Str = Pstr Sstr
V = V = æ a ɔ e ə o i u
end
; [+stop] → [ʔ] before non-glottal stop + syllable end
Stp / ʔ / _ [Stp -ʔ] [C #]
; cluster metathesis and simplification:
; [j w ʔ] go next to vowel, [s] goes to end of syllable
C [y w] / \ / V _ [C #]
s C / \ / V _ [C #]
C ʔ / \ / V _
; [h]-deletion
h / / V _
; coronal/dorsal palatalisation
[n ŋ] y / ɲ
[k t] y / č
d y / j
[x s] y / š
k / č / _ [e i]
; nasal cluster smoothing
[m n ŋ l] / w / V _ [Nasl Aprx]
; [a aa æ ɛ e ə ɔ o i ii u] ʹ / [á áá ǽ Ɛ é Ə 3 ó í íí ú] / _
; [a aa æ ɛ e ə ɔ o i ii u] ʹ / [á áá ǽ ɛ́ é ə́ ɔ́ ó í íí ú] / _
; ʹ / / _