feat: add solutions to lc problems: No.3061,3064 (doocs#2393)

* No.3061.Calculate Trapping Rain Water
* No.3064.Guess the Number Using Bitwise Questions I

Author: yanglbme

solution/3000-3099/3061.Calculate Trapping Rain Water/README.md

@@ -63,12 +63,35 @@ The elevation map depicted above (in the black section) is graphically represent
 
 ## 解法
 
-### 方法一
+### 方法一：窗口函数 + 求和
+
+我们使用窗口函数 `MAX(height) OVER (ORDER BY id)` 来计算每个位置及其左边的最大高度，使用 `MAX(height) OVER (ORDER BY id DESC)` 来计算每个位置及其右边的最大高度，分别记为 `l` 和 `r`。那么每个位置上的蓄水量就是 `min(l, r) - height`，最后求和即可。
 
 <!-- tabs:start -->
 
 ```sql
+# Write your MySQL query statement below
+WITH
+    T AS (
+        SELECT
+            *,
+            MAX(height) OVER (ORDER BY id) AS l,
+            MAX(height) OVER (ORDER BY id DESC) AS r
+        FROM Heights
+    )
+SELECT SUM(LEAST(l, r) - height) AS total_trapped_water
+FROM T;
+```
+
+```python
+import pandas as pd
+
 
+def calculate_trapped_rain_water(heights: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    heights["l"] = heights["height"].cummax()
+    heights["r"] = heights["height"][::-1].cummax()[::-1]
+    heights["trapped_water"] = heights[["l", "r"]].min(axis=1) - heights["height"]
+    return pd.DataFrame({"total_trapped_water": [heights["trapped_water"].sum()]})
 ```
 
 <!-- tabs:end -->

solution/3000-3099/3061.Calculate Trapping Rain Water/README_EN.md

@@ -61,12 +61,35 @@ The elevation map depicted above (in the black section) is graphically represent
 
 ## Solutions
 
-### Solution 1
+### Solution 1: Window Function + Summation
+
+We use the window function `MAX(height) OVER (ORDER BY id)` to calculate the maximum height for each position and its left side, and use `MAX(height) OVER (ORDER BY id DESC)` to calculate the maximum height for each position and its right side, denoted as `l` and `r` respectively. Then, the amount of water stored at each position is `min(l, r) - height`. Finally, we sum them up.
 
 <!-- tabs:start -->
 
 ```sql
+# Write your MySQL query statement below
+WITH
+    T AS (
+        SELECT
+            *,
+            MAX(height) OVER (ORDER BY id) AS l,
+            MAX(height) OVER (ORDER BY id DESC) AS r
+        FROM Heights
+    )
+SELECT SUM(LEAST(l, r) - height) AS total_trapped_water
+FROM T;
+```
+
+```python
+import pandas as pd
+
 
+def calculate_trapped_rain_water(heights: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    heights["l"] = heights["height"].cummax()
+    heights["r"] = heights["height"][::-1].cummax()[::-1]
+    heights["trapped_water"] = heights[["l", "r"]].min(axis=1) - heights["height"]
+    return pd.DataFrame({"total_trapped_water": [heights["trapped_water"].sum()]})
 ```
 
 <!-- tabs:end -->

solution/3000-3099/3061.Calculate Trapping Rain Water/Solution.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import pandas as pd
+
+
+def calculate_trapped_rain_water(heights: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    heights["l"] = heights["height"].cummax()
+    heights["r"] = heights["height"][::-1].cummax()[::-1]
+    heights["trapped_water"] = heights[["l", "r"]].min(axis=1) - heights["height"]
+    return pd.DataFrame({"total_trapped_water": [heights["trapped_water"].sum()]})

solution/3000-3099/3061.Calculate Trapping Rain Water/Solution.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Write your MySQL query statement below
+WITH
+    T AS (
+        SELECT
+            *,
+            MAX(height) OVER (ORDER BY id) AS l,
+            MAX(height) OVER (ORDER BY id DESC) AS r
+        FROM Heights
+    )
+SELECT SUM(LEAST(l, r) - height) AS total_trapped_water
+FROM T;

solution/3000-3099/3064.Guess the Number Using Bitwise Questions I/README.md

@@ -46,24 +46,94 @@
 
 ## 解法
 
-### 方法一
+### 方法一：枚举
+
+我们可以枚举 $2$ 的幂次方，然后调用 `commonSetBits` 方法，如果返回值大于 $0$，则说明 $n$ 的二进制表示中的对应位是 $1$。
+
+时间复杂度 $O(\log n)$，本题中 $n \le 2^{30}$。空间复杂度 $O(1)$。
 
 <!-- tabs:start -->
 
 ```python
+# Definition of commonSetBits API.
+# def commonSetBits(num: int) -> int:
+
 
+class Solution:
+    def findNumber(self) -> int:
+        return sum(1 << i for i in range(32) if commonSetBits(1 << i))
 ```
 
 ```java
-
+/**
+ * Definition of commonSetBits API (defined in the parent class Problem).
+ * int commonSetBits(int num);
+ */
+
+public class Solution extends Problem {
+    public int findNumber() {
+        int n = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+            if (commonSetBits(1 << i) > 0) {
+                n |= 1 << i;
+            }
+        }
+        return n;
+    }
+}
 ```
 
 ```cpp
-
+/**
+ * Definition of commonSetBits API.
+ * int commonSetBits(int num);
+ */
+
+class Solution {
+public:
+    int findNumber() {
+        int n = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+            if (commonSetBits(1 << i)) {
+                n |= 1 << i;
+            }
+        }
+        return n;
+    }
+};
 ```
 
 ```go
+/**
+ * Definition of commonSetBits API.
+ * func commonSetBits(num int) int;
+ */
+
+func findNumber() (n int) {
+	for i := 0; i < 32; i++ {
+		if commonSetBits(1<<i) > 0 {
+			n |= 1 << i
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+```
 
+```ts
+/**
+ * Definition of commonSetBits API.
+ * var commonSetBits = function(num: number): number {}
+ */
+
+function findNumber(): number {
+    let n = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+        if (commonSetBits(1 << i)) {
+            n |= 1 << i;
+        }
+    }
+    return n;
+}
 ```
 
 <!-- tabs:end -->

solution/3000-3099/3064.Guess the Number Using Bitwise Questions I/README_EN.md

@@ -44,24 +44,94 @@
 
 ## Solutions
 
-### Solution 1
+### Solution 1: Enumeration
+
+We can enumerate the powers of 2, and then call the `commonSetBits` method. If the return value is greater than 0, it means that the corresponding bit in the binary representation of `n` is 1.
+
+The time complexity is $O(\log n)$, where $n \le 2^{30}$ in this problem. The space complexity is $O(1)$.
 
 <!-- tabs:start -->
 
 ```python
+# Definition of commonSetBits API.
+# def commonSetBits(num: int) -> int:
+
 
+class Solution:
+    def findNumber(self) -> int:
+        return sum(1 << i for i in range(32) if commonSetBits(1 << i))
 ```
 
 ```java
-
+/**
+ * Definition of commonSetBits API (defined in the parent class Problem).
+ * int commonSetBits(int num);
+ */
+
+public class Solution extends Problem {
+    public int findNumber() {
+        int n = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+            if (commonSetBits(1 << i) > 0) {
+                n |= 1 << i;
+            }
+        }
+        return n;
+    }
+}
 ```
 
 ```cpp
-
+/**
+ * Definition of commonSetBits API.
+ * int commonSetBits(int num);
+ */
+
+class Solution {
+public:
+    int findNumber() {
+        int n = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+            if (commonSetBits(1 << i)) {
+                n |= 1 << i;
+            }
+        }
+        return n;
+    }
+};
 ```
 
 ```go
+/**
+ * Definition of commonSetBits API.
+ * func commonSetBits(num int) int;
+ */
+
+func findNumber() (n int) {
+	for i := 0; i < 32; i++ {
+		if commonSetBits(1<<i) > 0 {
+			n |= 1 << i
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+```
 
+```ts
+/**
+ * Definition of commonSetBits API.
+ * var commonSetBits = function(num: number): number {}
+ */
+
+function findNumber(): number {
+    let n = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+        if (commonSetBits(1 << i)) {
+            n |= 1 << i;
+        }
+    }
+    return n;
+}
 ```
 
 <!-- tabs:end -->

solution/3000-3099/3064.Guess the Number Using Bitwise Questions I/Solution.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/**
+ * Definition of commonSetBits API.
+ * int commonSetBits(int num);
+ */
+
+class Solution {
+public:
+    int findNumber() {
+        int n = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+            if (commonSetBits(1 << i)) {
+                n |= 1 << i;
+            }
+        }
+        return n;
+    }
+};

solution/3000-3099/3064.Guess the Number Using Bitwise Questions I/Solution.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/**
+ * Definition of commonSetBits API.
+ * func commonSetBits(num int) int;
+ */
+
+func findNumber() (n int) {
+	for i := 0; i < 32; i++ {
+		if commonSetBits(1<<i) > 0 {
+			n |= 1 << i
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}

solution/3000-3099/3064.Guess the Number Using Bitwise Questions I/Solution.java

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/**
+ * Definition of commonSetBits API (defined in the parent class Problem).
+ * int commonSetBits(int num);
+ */
+
+public class Solution extends Problem {
+    public int findNumber() {
+        int n = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+            if (commonSetBits(1 << i) > 0) {
+                n |= 1 << i;
+            }
+        }
+        return n;
+    }
+}

solution/3000-3099/3064.Guess the Number Using Bitwise Questions I/Solution.py

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Definition of commonSetBits API.
+# def commonSetBits(num: int) -> int:
+
+
+class Solution:
+    def findNumber(self) -> int:
+        return sum(1 << i for i in range(32) if commonSetBits(1 << i))

solution/3000-3099/3064.Guess the Number Using Bitwise Questions I/Solution.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/**
+ * Definition of commonSetBits API.
+ * var commonSetBits = function(num: number): number {}
+ */
+
+function findNumber(): number {
+    let n = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
+        if (commonSetBits(1 << i)) {
+            n |= 1 << i;
+        }
+    }
+    return n;
+}