PHP Model

PHP library for simple and complex database models.

About

This library was created to provide a flexible, but yet easy to use Model system, which can be used for new projects but also integrated into existing projects. Every part of the library can be overwritten and replaced separately for custom logic.

In contrast to other model libraries, this library is not tied to any specific database backend, instead every model can contain custom logic for accessing different databases, e.g. for a different cache or search backend. Therefore, this library does not provide any provisioning functionality.

Note: This library is still in development and some features especially regarding more driver functions will be added in the future.

Installation

composer require aternos/model

Basic usage

Driver

The library includes some drivers, but you can also create your own drivers and use them in your project or submit them to be added to the library.

Currently included drivers are:

• Redis
• Cassandra
• Mysqli
• Elasticsearch

All of these drivers require additional extensions or packages, see "suggest" in composer.json.

Most drivers will work out of the box with a local database set up without password, but for most use cases you have to use different credentials. To do that with the included drivers, you can create a new instance and set the credentials using the constructor

$driver = new \Aternos\Model\Driver\Mysqli\Mysqli("localhost", 3306, "username", "password");

or fluent setters

$driver = (new \Aternos\Model\Driver\Mysqli\Mysqli())->setUsername("username")->setPassword("password");

or create a new driver class extending the library driver and overwrite the protected credential properties (either in the class itself or in the constructor), e.g.:

<?php

namespace MyModel;

class Mysqli extends \Aternos\Model\Driver\Mysqli\Mysqli 
{
    protected ?string $user = 'username';
    protected ?string $password = 'password';
    
    public function __construct(?string $host = null, ?int $port = null, ?string $username = null, ?string $password = null, ?string $socket = null, ?string $database = null) {
        parent::__construct($host, $port, $username, $password, $socket, $database);
        $this->host = \Config::getHost();
    }
}

After that you have to register the class in the DriverRegistry:

<?php

\Aternos\Model\Driver\DriverRegistry::getInstance()->registerDriver($driver);

// or using your own class
\Aternos\Model\Driver\DriverRegistry::getInstance()->registerDriverClass(\MyModel\Mysqli::ID, \MyModel\Mysqli::class);

All drivers have an ID to identify and if necessary overwrite existing drivers. Usually it is recommended to use a unique ID for each driver type, but if you need multiple drivers of the same type (e.g. if you have two different Mysql databases), you can create and register multiple drivers with different IDs. You can set the ID using the setId() fluent setter on any driver or by overwriting the getId() function in your own class.

<?php
$driverA = (new \Aternos\Model\Driver\Mysqli\Mysqli())->setId("mysqli-a")->setHost("a.mysql.host");
\Aternos\Model\Driver\DriverRegistry::getInstance()->registerDriver($driverA);

$driverB = (new \Aternos\Model\Driver\Mysqli\Mysqli())->setId("mysqli-b")->setHost("b.mysql.host");
\Aternos\Model\Driver\DriverRegistry::getInstance()->registerDriver($driverB);

Model

Now you can create a model class. All model classes have to follow the ModelInterface. This library includes two different abstract model classes to make the model creation easier:

• BaseModel - Implements the basic model logic and is not related to any Driver
• GenericModel - Optional implementation of all drivers and registry

It's recommended to start with the GenericModel since it already implements multiple drivers and you can enable which drivers you need for each model or for all models (by using your own parent model for all your models).

This is an example implementation of a model using the GenericModel with a Mysqli database as backend and caching. The driver configuration is an ordered array $drivers with driver IDs, the first driver is used first to get the model. The drivers for the other actions depend on the $drivers array (e.g. reversed for save() and delete()), but can be individually configured, e.g. setting the $saveDrivers array.

<?php

class User extends \Aternos\Model\GenericModel 
{
    // use model registry (default: true)
    protected static bool $registry = true; 
    
    // cache the model for 60 seconds (default: null)
    protected static ?int $cache = 60;

    // configure the generic model drivers (this is the default)
    protected static array $drivers = [
        \Aternos\Model\Driver\Redis\Redis::ID,
        \Aternos\Model\Driver\Mysqli\Mysqli::ID
    ];
    
    // the name of your model (and table)
    public static function getName() : string
    {
        return "users";
    }
    
    // all public properties are database fields
    public $id;
    public $username;
    public $email;
}

Use your model

You can now use your model in your code:

<?php

// create new user
$user = new User();
$user->username = "username";
$user->email = "mail@example.org";
$user->save();

// get a user by id
$user = User::get($id);
echo $user->username;

// you can force to skip the registry and the cache
$user = User::get($id, true);

// update a user
$user->email = "othermail@example.org";
$user->save();

// delete a user
$user->delete();

Query

You can query the model using a Query object, e.g. SelectQuery. It allows different syntax possibilities such as simple array/string/int values directly passed to the constructor or building all parameters as objects based on the Query/... classes. All queries return a QueryResult object, which is iterable and countable.

Select

<?php

// the following lines are all the same
User::select(["email" => "mail@example.org"]); // ::select() is only a helper function of GenericModel
User::query(new \Aternos\Model\Query\SelectQuery(["email" => "mail@example.org"]));
User::query((new \Aternos\Model\Query\SelectQuery())->where(["email" => "mail@example.org"]));
User::query(new \Aternos\Model\Query\SelectQuery(
    new \Aternos\Model\Query\WhereCondition("email", "mail@example.org")
));
User::query(new \Aternos\Model\Query\SelectQuery(
    new \Aternos\Model\Query\WhereGroup([
        new \Aternos\Model\Query\WhereCondition("email", "mail@example.org")
    ])
));

// use the result
$userQueryResult = User::select(["email" => "mail@example.org"]);

if (!$userQueryResult->wasSuccessful()) {
    echo "Query failed";
}

echo "Found " . count($userQueryResult) . " users";

foreach($userQueryResult as $user) {
    /** @var User $user */
    echo $user->username;
}

// another query example
User::select(
    ["field" => "value", "hello" => "world", "foo" => "bar"],
    ["field" => "ASC", "hello" => "DESC", "foo" => "ASC"],
    ["field", "hello", "foo"],
    [100, 10]
);
// can also be written as
User::query((new \Aternos\Model\Query\SelectQuery)
    ->where(["field" => "value", "hello" => "world", "foo" => "bar"])
    ->orderBy(["field" => "ASC", "hello" => "DESC", "foo" => "ASC"])
    ->fields(["field", "hello", "foo"])
    ->limit([100, 10])
); 

// a more complex query with nested where groups using the query parameter classes
User::query(new \Aternos\Model\Query\SelectQuery(
    new \Aternos\Model\Query\WhereGroup([
        new \Aternos\Model\Query\WhereCondition("field", "value", "<>"),
        new \Aternos\Model\Query\WhereGroup([
            new \Aternos\Model\Query\WhereCondition("hello", "world"),
            new \Aternos\Model\Query\WhereCondition("foo", "bar")
        ], \Aternos\Model\Query\WhereGroup:: OR)
    ]),
    [
        new \Aternos\Model\Query\OrderField("field", \Aternos\Model\Query\OrderField::DESCENDING),
        new \Aternos\Model\Query\OrderField("hello", \Aternos\Model\Query\OrderField::ASCENDING),
        new \Aternos\Model\Query\OrderField("foo", \Aternos\Model\Query\OrderField::DESCENDING)
    ],
    [
        new \Aternos\Model\Query\SelectField("field"), 
        new \Aternos\Model\Query\SelectField("hello"), 
        new \Aternos\Model\Query\SelectField("foo")
    ],
    new \Aternos\Model\Query\Limit(10, 100)
));

Update

<?php

// update mail to "mail@example.org" where username is "username"
User::query(new \Aternos\Model\Query\UpdateQuery(["email" => "mail@example.org"], ["username" => "username"]));
User::query((new \Aternos\Model\Query\UpdateQuery())
    ->fields(["email" => "mail@example.org"])
    ->where(["username" => "username"]));
User::query(new \Aternos\Model\Query\UpdateQuery(
    new \Aternos\Model\Query\UpdateField("email", "mail@example.org"),
    new \Aternos\Model\Query\WhereCondition("username", "username")
));
User::query(new \Aternos\Model\Query\UpdateQuery(
    [new \Aternos\Model\Query\UpdateField("email", "mail@example.org")],
    new \Aternos\Model\Query\WhereGroup([
        new \Aternos\Model\Query\WhereCondition("username", "username")
    ])
));

Delete

<?php

// delete where email is mail@example.org
User::query(new \Aternos\Model\Query\DeleteQuery(["email" => "mail@example.org"]));
User::query((new \Aternos\Model\Query\DeleteQuery())->where(["email" => "mail@example.org"]));
User::query(new \Aternos\Model\Query\DeleteQuery(
    new \Aternos\Model\Query\WhereCondition("email", "mail@example.org")
));
User::query(new \Aternos\Model\Query\DeleteQuery(
    new \Aternos\Model\Query\WhereGroup([
        new \Aternos\Model\Query\WhereCondition("email", "mail@example.org")
    ])
));

Testing

This library includes a TestDriver which can be used to write tests without a database. It uses a simple array as storage and is not persistent. It supports most basic operations and queries, but might not work for all use cases yet especially not for database specific queries.

You can just add test data to your model which will also enable the test driver for that model.

<?php

// add a single entry
User::addTestEntry([
    "id" => 1,
    "name" => "Test",
    "email" => "test@example.org"
]);

// add multiple entries at once
User::addTestEntries($entries);

// clear all test entries
User::clearTestEntries();

Alternatively, you can also add data to the test driver directly.

/** @var \Aternos\Model\Driver\Test\TestDriver $testDriver */
$testDriver = \Aternos\Model\Driver\DriverRegistry::getInstance()->getDriver(\Aternos\Model\Driver\Test\TestDriver::ID);

// add multiple tables at once
$testDriver->addTables([
    "user" => [
        [
            "id" => 1,
            "name" => "Test",
            "email" => "test@example.org"
        ],
        ...
    ],
    "another_table" => [
        [
            "id" => 1,
            ...
        ]
    ],
    ...
]);

// add a single table
$testDriver->addTable("user", [
    [
        "id" => 1,
        "name" => "Test",
        "email" => "test@example.org"
    ],
    ...
]);

// add an entry to a table
$testDriver->addEntry("user", [
    "id" => 1,
    "name" => "Test",
    "email" => "test@example.org"
]);

// clear all entries from a table
$testDriver->clearEntries("user");

// clear all tables
$testDriver->clearTables();

If you add data to the driver directly, you still have to enable the test driver for each model that you want to test.

<?php

// enable the test driver for the user model
User::enableTestDriver();

// you can enable the test driver for all models at once by enabling it on a shared parent
class MyModel extends Aternos\Model\GenericModel {}
class User extends MyModel { ... }
class AnotherModel extends MyModel { ... }
MyModel::enableTestDriver();

Advanced usage

More information about more advanced usage, such as writing your own drivers, driver factory or models will be added in the future, in the meantime just take a look at the source code.