Add @addtaghelper directive.

- Also added some infrastructure pieces for it such as the ITagHelperDescriptorResolver and the default implementation TagHelperDescriptorResolver which will be filled out in a later commit.
- Reworked some extensibility points to allow accessibility of the descriptor resolvers per offline discussions.

#111

Author: N. Taylor Mullen

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Razor/Generator/Compiler/CodeBuilder/CSharp/CSharpCodeBuilder.cs

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public override CodeBuilderResult Build()
 
                     new CSharpHelperVisitor(csharpCodeVisitor, writer, Context).Accept(Tree.Chunks);
                     new CSharpTypeMemberVisitor(csharpCodeVisitor, writer, Context).Accept(Tree.Chunks);
-                    new CSharpDesignTimeHelpersVisitor(writer, Context).AcceptTree(Tree);
+                    new CSharpDesignTimeHelpersVisitor(csharpCodeVisitor, writer, Context).AcceptTree(Tree);
                     new CSharpTagHelperFieldDeclarationVisitor(writer, Context).Accept(Tree.Chunks);
 
                     BuildConstructor(writer);

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Razor/Generator/Compiler/CodeBuilder/CSharp/Visitors/CSharpCodeVisitor.cs

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ public class CSharpCodeVisitor : CodeVisitor<CSharpCodeWriter>
         private const string TemplateWriterName = "__razor_template_writer";
 
         private CSharpPaddingBuilder _paddingBuilder;
+        private CSharpTagHelperCodeRenderer _tagHelperCodeRenderer;
 
         public CSharpCodeVisitor(CSharpCodeWriter writer, CodeBuilderContext context)
             : base(writer, context)
@@ -25,7 +26,22 @@ public CSharpCodeVisitor(CSharpCodeWriter writer, CodeBuilderContext context)
             TagHelperRenderer = new CSharpTagHelperCodeRenderer(this, writer, context);
         }
 
-        public CSharpTagHelperCodeRenderer TagHelperRenderer { get; set; }
+        public CSharpTagHelperCodeRenderer TagHelperRenderer
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return _tagHelperCodeRenderer;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                if (value == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(TagHelperRenderer));
+                }
+
+                _tagHelperCodeRenderer = value;
+            }
+        }
 
         protected override void Visit(TagHelperChunk chunk)
         {
@@ -472,7 +488,7 @@ private bool ShouldGenerateInstrumentationForExpressions()
             return Context.Host.EnableInstrumentation &&
                    Context.ExpressionRenderingMode == ExpressionRenderingMode.WriteToOutput;
         }
-        
+
         private CSharpCodeWriter RenderPreWriteStart()
         {
             return RenderPreWriteStart(Writer, Context);

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Razor/Generator/Compiler/CodeBuilder/CSharp/Visitors/CSharpDesignTimeHelpersVisitor.cs

@@ -1,17 +1,31 @@
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
 
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Globalization;
+
 namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Razor.Generator.Compiler.CSharp
 {
     public class CSharpDesignTimeHelpersVisitor : CodeVisitor<CSharpCodeWriter>
     {
         internal const string InheritsHelper = "__inheritsHelper";
         internal const string DesignTimeHelperMethodName = "__RazorDesignTimeHelpers__";
 
+        private const string TagHelperDirectiveSyntaxHelper = "__tagHelperDirectiveSyntaxHelper";
         private const int DisableVariableNamingWarnings = 219;
 
-        public CSharpDesignTimeHelpersVisitor(CSharpCodeWriter writer, CodeBuilderContext context)
-            : base(writer, context) { }
+        private readonly CSharpCodeVisitor _csharpCodeVisitor;
+
+        private bool _initializedTagHelperDirectiveSyntaxHelper;
+
+        public CSharpDesignTimeHelpersVisitor([NotNull] CSharpCodeVisitor csharpCodeVisitor,
+                                              [NotNull] CSharpCodeWriter writer,
+                                              [NotNull] CodeBuilderContext context)
+
+            : base(writer, context)
+        {
+            _csharpCodeVisitor = csharpCodeVisitor;
+        }
 
         public void AcceptTree(CodeTree tree)
         {
@@ -43,5 +57,29 @@ protected override void Visit(SetBaseTypeChunk chunk)
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        protected override void Visit(AddTagHelperChunk chunk)
+        {
+            // We should always be in design time mode because of the calling AcceptTree method verification.
+            Debug.Assert(Context.Host.DesignTimeMode);
+
+            if (!_initializedTagHelperDirectiveSyntaxHelper)
+            {
+                _initializedTagHelperDirectiveSyntaxHelper = true;
+                Writer.WriteVariableDeclaration("string", TagHelperDirectiveSyntaxHelper, "null");
+            }
+
+            Writer.WriteStartAssignment(TagHelperDirectiveSyntaxHelper);
+
+            // The parsing mechanism for the AddTagHelperChunk (CSharpCodeParser.TagHelperDirective()) removes quotes
+            // that surround the chunk.LookupText.
+            _csharpCodeVisitor.CreateExpressionCodeMapping(
+                string.Format(
+                    CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
+                    "\"{0}\"", chunk.LookupText),
+                chunk);
+
+            Writer.WriteLine(";");
+        }
     }
 }

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Razor/Generator/Compiler/CodeBuilder/ChunkVisitor.cs

@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ public virtual void Accept(Chunk chunk)
             {
                 Visit((TagHelperChunk)chunk);
             }
+            else if (chunk is AddTagHelperChunk)
+            {
+                Visit((AddTagHelperChunk)chunk);
+            }
             else if(chunk is SetLayoutChunk)
             {
                 Visit((SetLayoutChunk)chunk);
@@ -115,6 +119,7 @@ public virtual void Accept(Chunk chunk)
         protected abstract void Visit(ExpressionChunk chunk);
         protected abstract void Visit(StatementChunk chunk);
         protected abstract void Visit(TagHelperChunk chunk);
+        protected abstract void Visit(AddTagHelperChunk chunk);
         protected abstract void Visit(UsingChunk chunk);
         protected abstract void Visit(ChunkBlock chunk);
         protected abstract void Visit(DynamicCodeAttributeChunk chunk);

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Razor/Generator/Compiler/CodeBuilder/CodeVisitor.cs

@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@ protected override void Visit(DynamicCodeAttributeChunk chunk)
         protected override void Visit(TagHelperChunk chunk)
         {
         }
+        protected override void Visit(AddTagHelperChunk chunk)
+        {
+        }
         protected override void Visit(LiteralCodeAttributeChunk chunk)
         {
         }

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Razor/Generator/Compiler/CodeTree/Chunks/TagHelpers/AddTagHelperChunk.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Razor.Generator.Compiler
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A <see cref="Chunk"/> used to look up <see cref="TagHelpers.TagHelperDescriptor"/>s.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class AddTagHelperChunk : Chunk
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Text used to look up <see cref="TagHelpers.TagHelperDescriptor"/>s.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string LookupText { get; set; }
+    }
+}

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Razor/Generator/Compiler/CodeTree/CodeTreeBuilder.cs

@@ -39,6 +39,14 @@ public void AddChunk(Chunk chunk, SyntaxTreeNode association, bool topLevel = fa
             }
         }
 
+        public void AddAddTagHelperChunk(string lookupText, SyntaxTreeNode association)
+        {
+            AddChunk(new AddTagHelperChunk
+            {
+                LookupText = lookupText
+            }, association);
+        }
+
         public void AddLiteralChunk(string literal, SyntaxTreeNode association)
         {
             // If the previous chunk was also a LiteralChunk, append the content of the current node to the previous one.

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Razor/Generator/TagHelpers/AddTagHelperCodeGenerator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+
+using Microsoft.AspNet.Razor.Parser.SyntaxTree;
+
+namespace Microsoft.AspNet.Razor.Generator
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A <see cref="SpanCodeGenerator"/> responsible for generating <see cref="Compiler.AddTagHelperChunk"/>s.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class AddTagHelperCodeGenerator : SpanCodeGenerator
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Instantiates a new <see cref="AddTagHelperCodeGenerator"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="lookupText">
+        /// Text used to look up <see cref="TagHelpers.TagHelperDescriptor"/>s.
+        /// </param>
+        public AddTagHelperCodeGenerator(string lookupText)
+        {
+            LookupText = lookupText;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Text used to look up <see cref="TagHelpers.TagHelperDescriptor"/>s.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string LookupText { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generates a <see cref="Compiler.AddTagHelperChunk"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">
+        /// The <see cref="Span"/> responsible for this <see cref="AddTagHelperCodeGenerator"/>.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <param name="context">A <see cref="CodeGeneratorContext"/> instance that contains information about 
+        /// the current code generation process.</param>
+        public override void GenerateCode(Span target, CodeGeneratorContext context)
+        {
+            context.CodeTreeBuilder.AddAddTagHelperChunk(LookupText, target);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Razor/Parser/CSharpCodeParser.Directives.cs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ public partial class CSharpCodeParser
     {
         private void SetupDirectives()
         {
+            MapDirectives(AddTagHelperDirective, SyntaxConstants.CSharp.AddTagHelperKeyword);
             MapDirectives(InheritsDirective, SyntaxConstants.CSharp.InheritsKeyword);
             MapDirectives(FunctionsDirective, SyntaxConstants.CSharp.FunctionsKeyword);
             MapDirectives(SectionDirective, SyntaxConstants.CSharp.SectionKeyword);
@@ -27,6 +28,14 @@ private void SetupDirectives()
             MapDirectives(SessionStateDirective, SyntaxConstants.CSharp.SessionStateKeyword);
         }
 
+        protected virtual void AddTagHelperDirective()
+        {
+            TagHelperDirective(SyntaxConstants.CSharp.AddTagHelperKeyword, (lookupText) =>
+            {
+                return new AddTagHelperCodeGenerator(lookupText);
+            });
+        }
+
         protected virtual void LayoutDirective()
         {
             AssertDirective(SyntaxConstants.CSharp.LayoutKeyword);
@@ -498,5 +507,65 @@ protected void BaseTypeDirective(string noTypeNameError, Func<string, SpanCodeGe
             CompleteBlock();
             Output(SpanKind.Code);
         }
+
+        private void TagHelperDirective(string keyword, Func<string, SpanCodeGenerator> codeGeneratorBuilder)
+        {
+            AssertDirective(keyword);
+
+            // Accept the directive name
+            AcceptAndMoveNext();
+
+            // Set the block type
+            Context.CurrentBlock.Type = BlockType.Directive;
+
+            var foundWhitespace = At(CSharpSymbolType.WhiteSpace);
+            AcceptWhile(CSharpSymbolType.WhiteSpace);
+
+            // If we found whitespace then any content placed within the whitespace MAY cause a destructive change
+            // to the document.  We can't accept it.
+            Output(SpanKind.MetaCode, foundWhitespace ? AcceptedCharacters.None : AcceptedCharacters.Any);
+
+            if (EndOfFile || At(CSharpSymbolType.NewLine))
+            {
+                Context.OnError(CurrentLocation, RazorResources.FormatParseError_DirectiveMustHaveValue(keyword));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Need to grab the current location before we accept until the end of the line.
+                var startLocation = CurrentLocation;
+
+                // Parse to the end of the line. Essentially accepts anything until end of line, comments, invalid code
+                // etc.
+                AcceptUntil(CSharpSymbolType.NewLine);
+
+                // Pull out the value minus the spaces at the end
+                var rawValue = Span.GetContent().Value.TrimEnd();
+                var startsWithQuote = rawValue.StartsWith("\"", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+                // If the value starts with a quote then we should generate appropriate C# code to colorize the value.
+                if (startsWithQuote)
+                {
+                    // Set up code generation
+                    // The generated chunk of this code generator is picked up by CSharpDesignTimeHelpersVisitor which
+                    // renders the C# to colorize the user provided value. We trim the quotes around the user's value
+                    // so when we render the code we can project the users value into double quotes to not invoke C# 
+                    // IntelliSense. 
+                    Span.CodeGenerator = codeGeneratorBuilder(rawValue.Trim('"'));
+                }
+
+                // We expect the directive to be surrounded in quotes.
+                // The format for taghelper directives are: @directivename "SomeValue"
+                if (!startsWithQuote ||
+                    !rawValue.EndsWith("\"", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    Context.OnError(startLocation, 
+                                    RazorResources.FormatParseError_DirectiveMustBeSurroundedByQuotes(keyword));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Output the span and finish the block
+            CompleteBlock();
+            Output(SpanKind.Code);
+        }
     }
 }

src/Microsoft.AspNet.Razor/Parser/CSharpCodeParser.cs

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ public partial class CSharpCodeParser : TokenizerBackedParser<CSharpTokenizer, C
 
         internal static ISet<string> DefaultKeywords = new HashSet<string>()
         {
+            SyntaxConstants.CSharp.AddTagHelperKeyword,
             "if",
             "do",
             "try",