[SPARK-33992][SQL] override transformUpWithNewOutput to add allowInvokingTransformsInAnalyzer

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

In #29643, we move  the plan rewriting methods to QueryPlan. we need to override transformUpWithNewOutput to add allowInvokingTransformsInAnalyzer
 because it and resolveOperatorsUpWithNewOutput are called in the analyzer.
For example,

PaddingAndLengthCheckForCharVarchar could fail query when resolveOperatorsUpWithNewOutput
with
```logtalk
[info] - char/varchar resolution in sub query  *** FAILED *** (367 milliseconds)
[info]   java.lang.RuntimeException: This method should not be called in the analyzer
[info]   at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.AnalysisHelper.assertNotAnalysisRule(AnalysisHelper.scala:150)
[info]   at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.AnalysisHelper.assertNotAnalysisRule$(AnalysisHelper.scala:146)
[info]   at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.LogicalPlan.assertNotAnalysisRule(LogicalPlan.scala:29)
[info]   at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.AnalysisHelper.transformDown(AnalysisHelper.scala:161)
[info]   at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.AnalysisHelper.transformDown$(AnalysisHelper.scala:160)
[info]   at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.LogicalPlan.transformDown(LogicalPlan.scala:29)
[info]   at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.LogicalPlan.transformDown(LogicalPlan.scala:29)
[info]   at org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.QueryPlan.org$apache$spark$sql$catalyst$plans$QueryPlan$$updateOuterReferencesInSubquery(QueryPlan.scala:267)
```
### Why are the changes needed?

trivial bugfix
### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

no
### How was this patch tested?

new tests

Closes #31013 from yaooqinn/SPARK-33992.

Authored-by: Kent Yao <yao@apache.org>
Signed-off-by: Wenchen Fan <wenchen@databricks.com>

Author: yaooqinn

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/plans/logical/AnalysisHelper.scala

@@ -133,6 +133,15 @@ trait AnalysisHelper extends QueryPlan[LogicalPlan] { self: LogicalPlan =>
     }
   }
 
+  override def transformUpWithNewOutput(
+      rule: PartialFunction[LogicalPlan, (LogicalPlan, Seq[(Attribute, Attribute)])],
+      skipCond: LogicalPlan => Boolean,
+      canGetOutput: LogicalPlan => Boolean): LogicalPlan = {
+    AnalysisHelper.allowInvokingTransformsInAnalyzer {
+      super.transformUpWithNewOutput(rule, skipCond, canGetOutput)
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Recursively transforms the expressions of a tree, skipping nodes that have already
    * been analyzed.

sql/core/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/CharVarcharTestSuite.scala

@@ -451,6 +451,21 @@ trait CharVarcharTestSuite extends QueryTest with SQLTestUtils {
         Seq(Row("char(5)"), Row("varchar(3)")))
     }
   }
+
+  test("SPARK-33992: char/varchar resolution in correlated sub query") {
+    withTable("t1", "t2") {
+      sql(s"CREATE TABLE t1(v VARCHAR(3), c CHAR(5)) USING $format")
+      sql(s"CREATE TABLE t2(v VARCHAR(3), c CHAR(5)) USING $format")
+      sql("INSERT INTO t1 VALUES ('c', 'b')")
+      sql("INSERT INTO t2 VALUES ('a', 'b')")
+
+      checkAnswer(sql(
+        """
+          |SELECT v FROM t1
+          |WHERE 'a' IN (SELECT v FROM t2 WHERE t1.c = t2.c )""".stripMargin),
+        Row("c"))
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 // Some basic char/varchar tests which doesn't rely on table implementation.