[SPARK-29107][SQL][TESTS] Port window.sql (Part 1)

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR ports window.sql from PostgreSQL regression tests https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_12_STABLE/src/test/regress/sql/window.sql from lines 1~319

The expected results can be found in the link: https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_12_STABLE/src/test/regress/expected/window.out

### Why are the changes needed?

To ensure compatibility with PostgreSQL.

### Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

No

### How was this patch tested?

Pass the Jenkins. And, Comparison with PgSQL results.

Closes #26119 from DylanGuedes/spark-29107.

Authored-by: DylanGuedes <djmgguedes@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: HyukjinKwon <gurwls223@apache.org>

Author: DylanGuedes

sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/inputs/postgreSQL/window_part1.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2019, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+--
+-- Window Functions Testing
+-- https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/REL_12_STABLE/src/test/regress/sql/window.sql#L1-L319
+
+CREATE TEMPORARY VIEW tenk2 AS SELECT * FROM tenk1;
+
+-- [SPARK-29540] Thrift in some cases can't parse string to date
+-- CREATE TABLE empsalary (
+--     depname string,
+--     empno integer,
+--     salary int,
+--     enroll_date date
+-- ) USING parquet;
+
+-- [SPARK-29540] Thrift in some cases can't parse string to date
+-- INSERT INTO empsalary VALUES ('develop', 10, 5200, '2007-08-01');
+-- INSERT INTO empsalary VALUES ('sales', 1, 5000, '2006-10-01');
+-- INSERT INTO empsalary VALUES ('personnel', 5, 3500, '2007-12-10');
+-- INSERT INTO empsalary VALUES ('sales', 4, 4800, '2007-08-08');
+-- INSERT INTO empsalary VALUES ('personnel', 2, 3900, '2006-12-23');
+-- INSERT INTO empsalary VALUES ('develop', 7, 4200, '2008-01-01');
+-- INSERT INTO empsalary VALUES ('develop', 9, 4500, '2008-01-01');
+-- INSERT INTO empsalary VALUES ('sales', 3, 4800, '2007-08-01');
+-- INSERT INTO empsalary VALUES ('develop', 8, 6000, '2006-10-01');
+-- INSERT INTO empsalary VALUES ('develop', 11, 5200, '2007-08-15');
+
+-- [SPARK-29540] Thrift in some cases can't parse string to date
+-- SELECT depname, empno, salary, sum(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) FROM empsalary ORDER BY depname, salary;
+
+-- [SPARK-29540] Thrift in some cases can't parse string to date
+-- SELECT depname, empno, salary, rank() OVER (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary) FROM empsalary;
+
+-- with GROUP BY
+SELECT four, ten, SUM(SUM(four)) OVER (PARTITION BY four), AVG(ten) FROM tenk1
+GROUP BY four, ten ORDER BY four, ten;
+
+-- [SPARK-29540] Thrift in some cases can't parse string to date
+-- SELECT depname, empno, salary, sum(salary) OVER w FROM empsalary WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY depname);
+
+-- [SPARK-28064] Order by does not accept a call to rank()
+-- SELECT depname, empno, salary, rank() OVER w FROM empsalary WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary) ORDER BY rank() OVER w;
+
+-- empty window specification
+SELECT COUNT(*) OVER () FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) OVER w FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 WINDOW w AS ();
+
+-- no window operation
+SELECT four FROM tenk1 WHERE FALSE WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY ten);
+
+-- cumulative aggregate
+SELECT sum(four) OVER (PARTITION BY ten ORDER BY unique2) AS sum_1, ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT row_number() OVER (ORDER BY unique2) FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) AS rank_1, ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT dense_rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT percent_rank() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT cume_dist() OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT ntile(3) OVER (ORDER BY ten, four), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+-- [SPARK-28065] ntile does not accept NULL as input
+-- SELECT ntile(NULL) OVER (ORDER BY ten, four), ten, four FROM tenk1 LIMIT 2;
+
+SELECT lag(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+-- [SPARK-28068] `lag` second argument must be a literal in Spark
+-- SELECT lag(ten, four) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+-- [SPARK-28068] `lag` second argument must be a literal in Spark
+-- SELECT lag(ten, four, 0) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT lead(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT lead(ten * 2, 1) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT lead(ten * 2, 1, -1) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT first(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+-- last returns the last row of the frame, which is CURRENT ROW in ORDER BY window.
+SELECT last(four) OVER (ORDER BY ten), ten, four FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT last(ten) OVER (PARTITION BY four), ten, four FROM
+(SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten)s
+ORDER BY four, ten;
+
+-- [SPARK-27951] ANSI SQL: NTH_VALUE function
+-- SELECT nth_value(ten, four + 1) OVER (PARTITION BY four), ten, four
+-- FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10 ORDER BY four, ten)s;
+
+SELECT ten, two, sum(hundred) AS gsum, sum(sum(hundred)) OVER (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten) AS wsum
+FROM tenk1 GROUP BY ten, two;
+
+SELECT count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four), four FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE two = 1)s WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT (count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) +
+  sum(hundred) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten)) AS cntsum
+  FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+-- opexpr with different windows evaluation.
+SELECT * FROM(
+  SELECT count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) +
+    sum(hundred) OVER (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten) AS total,
+    count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten) AS fourcount,
+    sum(hundred) OVER (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten) AS twosum
+    FROM tenk1
+)sub WHERE total <> fourcount + twosum;
+
+SELECT avg(four) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY thousand / 100) FROM tenk1 WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+SELECT ten, two, sum(hundred) AS gsum, sum(sum(hundred)) OVER win AS wsum
+FROM tenk1 GROUP BY ten, two WINDOW win AS (PARTITION BY two ORDER BY ten);
+
+-- [SPARK-29540] Thrift in some cases can't parse string to date
+-- more than one window with GROUP BY
+-- SELECT sum(salary),
+--   row_number() OVER (ORDER BY depname),
+--   sum(sum(salary)) OVER (ORDER BY depname DESC)
+-- FROM empsalary GROUP BY depname;
+
+-- [SPARK-29540] Thrift in some cases can't parse string to date
+-- identical windows with different names
+-- SELECT sum(salary) OVER w1, count(*) OVER w2
+-- FROM empsalary WINDOW w1 AS (ORDER BY salary), w2 AS (ORDER BY salary);
+
+-- subplan
+-- [SPARK-28379] Correlated scalar subqueries must be aggregated
+-- SELECT lead(ten, (SELECT two FROM tenk1 WHERE s.unique2 = unique2)) OVER (PARTITION BY four ORDER BY ten)
+-- FROM tenk1 s WHERE unique2 < 10;
+
+-- empty table
+SELECT count(*) OVER (PARTITION BY four) FROM (SELECT * FROM tenk1 WHERE FALSE)s;
+
+-- [SPARK-29540] Thrift in some cases can't parse string to date
+-- mixture of agg/wfunc in the same window
+-- SELECT sum(salary) OVER w, rank() OVER w FROM empsalary WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY depname ORDER BY salary DESC);
+
+-- Cannot safely cast 'enroll_date': StringType to DateType;
+-- SELECT empno, depname, salary, bonus, depadj, MIN(bonus) OVER (ORDER BY empno), MAX(depadj) OVER () FROM(
+-- SELECT *,
+--   CASE WHEN enroll_date < '2008-01-01' THEN 2008 - extract(year FROM enroll_date) END * 500 AS bonus,
+--   CASE WHEN
+--     AVG(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY depname) < salary
+--     THEN 200 END AS depadj FROM empsalary
+--   )s;
+
+create temporary view int4_tbl as select * from values
+  (0),
+  (123456),
+  (-123456),
+  (2147483647),
+  (-2147483647)
+  as int4_tbl(f1);
+
+-- window function over ungrouped agg over empty row set (bug before 9.1)
+SELECT SUM(COUNT(f1)) OVER () FROM int4_tbl WHERE f1=42;
+
+-- window function with ORDER BY an expression involving aggregates (9.1 bug)
+select ten,
+  sum(unique1) + sum(unique2) as res,
+  rank() over (order by sum(unique1) + sum(unique2)) as rank
+from tenk1
+group by ten order by ten;
+
+-- window and aggregate with GROUP BY expression (9.2 bug)
+-- explain
+-- select first(max(x)) over (), y
+--   from (select unique1 as x, ten+four as y from tenk1) ss
+--   group by y;
+
+-- test non-default frame specifications
+SELECT four, ten,
+sum(ten) over (partition by four order by ten),
+last(ten) over (partition by four order by ten)
+FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
+
+SELECT four, ten,
+sum(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and current row),
+last(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and current row)
+FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
+
+SELECT four, ten,
+sum(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following),
+last(ten) over (partition by four order by ten range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)
+FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
+
+-- [SPARK-29451] Some queries with divisions in SQL windows are failling in Thrift
+-- SELECT four, ten/4 as two,
+-- sum(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 range between unbounded preceding and current row),
+-- last(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 range between unbounded preceding and current row)
+-- FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
+
+-- [SPARK-29451] Some queries with divisions in SQL windows are failling in Thrift
+-- SELECT four, ten/4 as two,
+-- sum(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 rows between unbounded preceding and current row),
+-- last(ten/4) over (partition by four order by ten/4 rows between unbounded preceding and current row)
+-- FROM (select distinct ten, four from tenk1) ss;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (order by four range between current row and unbounded following),
+unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between current row and unbounded following),
+unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following),
+unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude no others),
+-- unique1, four
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude current row),
+-- unique1, four
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude group),
+-- unique1, four
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 2 following exclude ties),
+-- unique1, four
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- SELECT first(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude current row),
+-- unique1, four
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- SELECT first(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude group),
+-- unique1, four
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- SELECT first(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude ties),
+-- unique1, four
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- SELECT last(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude current row),
+-- unique1, four
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- SELECT last(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude group),
+-- unique1, four
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- SELECT last(unique1) over (ORDER BY four rows between current row and 2 following exclude ties),
+-- unique1, four
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 2 preceding and 1 preceding),
+unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between 1 following and 3 following),
+unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+SELECT sum(unique1) over (rows between unbounded preceding and 1 following),
+unique1, four
+FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between current row and unbounded following),
+-- 	unique1, four
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between unbounded preceding and current row exclude current row),
+-- unique1, four
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between unbounded preceding and current row exclude group),
+-- unique1, four
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- SELECT sum(unique1) over (w range between unbounded preceding and current row exclude ties),
+-- unique1, four
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10 WINDOW w AS (order by four);
+
+-- [SPARK-27951] ANSI SQL: NTH_VALUE function
+-- SELECT first_value(unique1) over w,
+-- nth_value(unique1, 2) over w AS nth_2,
+-- last_value(unique1) over w, unique1, four
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10
+-- WINDOW w AS (order by four range between current row and unbounded following);
+
+-- [SPARK-28501] Frame bound value must be a literal.
+-- SELECT sum(unique1) over
+-- (order by unique1
+--   rows (SELECT unique1 FROM tenk1 ORDER BY unique1 LIMIT 1) + 1 PRECEDING),
+-- unique1
+-- FROM tenk1 WHERE unique1 < 10;
+
+CREATE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+SELECT i.id, sum(i.id) over (order by i.id rows between 1 preceding and 1 following) as sum_rows
+FROM range(1, 11) i;
+
+SELECT * FROM v_window;
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+-- SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
+--   exclude current row) as sum_rows FROM range(1, 10) i;
+
+-- SELECT * FROM v_window;
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+-- SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
+--   exclude group) as sum_rows FROM range(1, 10) i;
+-- SELECT * FROM v_window;
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+-- SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
+--   exclude ties) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+
+-- [SPARK-28428] Spark `exclude` always expecting `()`
+-- CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+-- SELECT i, sum(i) over (order by i rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
+--   exclude no others) as sum_rows FROM generate_series(1, 10) i;
+-- SELECT * FROM v_window;
+
+-- [SPARK-28648] Adds support to `groups` unit type in window clauses
+-- CREATE OR REPLACE TEMP VIEW v_window AS
+-- SELECT i.id, sum(i.id) over (order by i.id groups between 1 preceding and 1 following) as sum_rows FROM range(1, 11) i;
+-- SELECT * FROM v_window;
+
+DROP VIEW v_window;
+-- [SPARK-29540] Thrift in some cases can't parse string to date
+-- DROP TABLE empsalary;
+DROP VIEW tenk2;
+DROP VIEW int4_tbl;