diff --git a/dev/sparktestsupport/modules.py b/dev/sparktestsupport/modules.py
index 868e4a5d23ed7..39a308b07d886 100644
--- a/dev/sparktestsupport/modules.py
+++ b/dev/sparktestsupport/modules.py
@@ -31,9 +31,10 @@ class Module(object):
     files have changed.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, name, dependencies, source_file_regexes, build_profile_flags=(), environ={},
-                 sbt_test_goals=(), python_test_goals=(), excluded_python_implementations=(),
-                 test_tags=(), should_run_r_tests=False, should_run_build_tests=False):
+    def __init__(self, name, dependencies, source_file_regexes, build_profile_flags=(),
+                 environ=None, sbt_test_goals=(), python_test_goals=(),
+                 excluded_python_implementations=(), test_tags=(), should_run_r_tests=False,
+                 should_run_build_tests=False):
         """
         Define a new module.
 
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ def __init__(self, name, dependencies, source_file_regexes, build_profile_flags=
         self.source_file_prefixes = source_file_regexes
         self.sbt_test_goals = sbt_test_goals
         self.build_profile_flags = build_profile_flags
-        self.environ = environ
+        self.environ = environ or {}
         self.python_test_goals = python_test_goals
         self.excluded_python_implementations = excluded_python_implementations
         self.test_tags = test_tags
diff --git a/dev/tox.ini b/dev/tox.ini
index 7edf7d597fb58..43cd5877dfdb8 100644
--- a/dev/tox.ini
+++ b/dev/tox.ini
@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@ max-line-length=100
 exclude=python/pyspark/cloudpickle/*.py,shared.py,python/docs/source/conf.py,work/*/*.py,python/.eggs/*,dist/*,.git/*
 
 [flake8]
-select = E901,E999,F821,F822,F823,F401,F405
+select = E901,E999,F821,F822,F823,F401,F405,B006
 exclude = python/pyspark/cloudpickle/*.py,shared.py*,python/docs/source/conf.py,work/*/*.py,python/.eggs/*,dist/*,.git/*,python/out,python/pyspark/sql/pandas/functions.pyi,python/pyspark/sql/column.pyi,python/pyspark/worker.pyi,python/pyspark/java_gateway.pyi
 max-line-length = 100
diff --git a/python/pyspark/ml/regression.py b/python/pyspark/ml/regression.py
index ba0127c938642..68c32b938c2f1 100644
--- a/python/pyspark/ml/regression.py
+++ b/python/pyspark/ml/regression.py
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@
            'RandomForestRegressor', 'RandomForestRegressionModel',
            'FMRegressor', 'FMRegressionModel']
 
+DEFAULT_QUANTILE_PROBABILITIES = [0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, 0.95, 0.99]
+
 
 class Regressor(Predictor, _PredictorParams, metaclass=ABCMeta):
     """
@@ -1654,7 +1656,7 @@ class _AFTSurvivalRegressionParams(_PredictorParams, HasMaxIter, HasTol, HasFitI
     def __init__(self, *args):
         super(_AFTSurvivalRegressionParams, self).__init__(*args)
         self._setDefault(censorCol="censor",
-                         quantileProbabilities=[0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, 0.95, 0.99],
+                         quantileProbabilities=DEFAULT_QUANTILE_PROBABILITIES,
                          maxIter=100, tol=1E-6, blockSize=1)
 
     @since("1.6.0")
@@ -1740,7 +1742,7 @@ class AFTSurvivalRegression(_JavaRegressor, _AFTSurvivalRegressionParams,
     @keyword_only
     def __init__(self, *, featuresCol="features", labelCol="label", predictionCol="prediction",
                  fitIntercept=True, maxIter=100, tol=1E-6, censorCol="censor",
-                 quantileProbabilities=list([0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, 0.95, 0.99]),
+                 quantileProbabilities=DEFAULT_QUANTILE_PROBABILITIES,
                  quantilesCol=None, aggregationDepth=2, blockSize=1):
         """
         __init__(self, \\*, featuresCol="features", labelCol="label", predictionCol="prediction", \
@@ -1758,7 +1760,7 @@ def __init__(self, *, featuresCol="features", labelCol="label", predictionCol="p
     @since("1.6.0")
     def setParams(self, *, featuresCol="features", labelCol="label", predictionCol="prediction",
                   fitIntercept=True, maxIter=100, tol=1E-6, censorCol="censor",
-                  quantileProbabilities=list([0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, 0.95, 0.99]),
+                  quantileProbabilities=DEFAULT_QUANTILE_PROBABILITIES,
                   quantilesCol=None, aggregationDepth=2, blockSize=1):
         """
         setParams(self, \\*, featuresCol="features", labelCol="label", predictionCol="prediction", \
diff --git a/python/pyspark/ml/tuning.py b/python/pyspark/ml/tuning.py
index 21bbe1f96758b..8b7045a10ed9e 100644
--- a/python/pyspark/ml/tuning.py
+++ b/python/pyspark/ml/tuning.py
@@ -508,13 +508,13 @@ class CrossValidatorModel(Model, _CrossValidatorParams, MLReadable, MLWritable):
     .. versionadded:: 1.4.0
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, bestModel, avgMetrics=[], subModels=None):
+    def __init__(self, bestModel, avgMetrics=None, subModels=None):
         super(CrossValidatorModel, self).__init__()
         #: best model from cross validation
         self.bestModel = bestModel
         #: Average cross-validation metrics for each paramMap in
         #: CrossValidator.estimatorParamMaps, in the corresponding order.
-        self.avgMetrics = avgMetrics
+        self.avgMetrics = avgMetrics or []
         #: sub model list from cross validation
         self.subModels = subModels
 
@@ -868,12 +868,12 @@ class TrainValidationSplitModel(Model, _TrainValidationSplitParams, MLReadable,
     .. versionadded:: 2.0.0
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, bestModel, validationMetrics=[], subModels=None):
+    def __init__(self, bestModel, validationMetrics=None, subModels=None):
         super(TrainValidationSplitModel, self).__init__()
         #: best model from train validation split
         self.bestModel = bestModel
         #: evaluated validation metrics
-        self.validationMetrics = validationMetrics
+        self.validationMetrics = validationMetrics or []
         #: sub models from train validation split
         self.subModels = subModels
 
diff --git a/python/pyspark/resource/profile.py b/python/pyspark/resource/profile.py
index 3f6ae1ddd5e30..6a2be76b8bc30 100644
--- a/python/pyspark/resource/profile.py
+++ b/python/pyspark/resource/profile.py
@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ class ResourceProfile(object):
     .. versionadded:: 3.1.0
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, _java_resource_profile=None, _exec_req={}, _task_req={}):
+    def __init__(self, _java_resource_profile=None, _exec_req=None, _task_req=None):
         if _java_resource_profile is not None:
             self._java_resource_profile = _java_resource_profile
         else:
             self._java_resource_profile = None
-            self._executor_resource_requests = _exec_req
-            self._task_resource_requests = _task_req
+            self._executor_resource_requests = _exec_req or {}
+            self._task_resource_requests = _task_req or {}
 
     @property
     def id(self):
diff --git a/python/pyspark/sql/avro/functions.py b/python/pyspark/sql/avro/functions.py
index 75fe4eaa078a1..e907958088124 100644
--- a/python/pyspark/sql/avro/functions.py
+++ b/python/pyspark/sql/avro/functions.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 
 
 @since(3.0)
-def from_avro(data, jsonFormatSchema, options={}):
+def from_avro(data, jsonFormatSchema, options=None):
     """
     Converts a binary column of Avro format into its corresponding catalyst value.
     The specified schema must match the read data, otherwise the behavior is undefined:
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def from_avro(data, jsonFormatSchema, options={}):
     sc = SparkContext._active_spark_context
     try:
         jc = sc._jvm.org.apache.spark.sql.avro.functions.from_avro(
-            _to_java_column(data), jsonFormatSchema, options)
+            _to_java_column(data), jsonFormatSchema, options or {})
     except TypeError as e:
         if str(e) == "'JavaPackage' object is not callable":
             _print_missing_jar("Avro", "avro", "avro", sc.version)
diff --git a/python/pyspark/sql/functions.py b/python/pyspark/sql/functions.py
index 97146fdb804ab..a20c34cd3ee20 100644
--- a/python/pyspark/sql/functions.py
+++ b/python/pyspark/sql/functions.py
@@ -113,8 +113,10 @@ def _():
     return _
 
 
-def _options_to_str(options):
-    return {key: to_str(value) for (key, value) in options.items()}
+def _options_to_str(options=None):
+    if options:
+        return {key: to_str(value) for (key, value) in options.items()}
+    return {}
 
 _lit_doc = """
     Creates a :class:`Column` of literal value.
@@ -2476,7 +2478,7 @@ def json_tuple(col, *fields):
 
 
 @since(2.1)
-def from_json(col, schema, options={}):
+def from_json(col, schema, options=None):
     """
     Parses a column containing a JSON string into a :class:`MapType` with :class:`StringType`
     as keys type, :class:`StructType` or :class:`ArrayType` with
@@ -2524,7 +2526,7 @@ def from_json(col, schema, options={}):
 
 
 @since(2.1)
-def to_json(col, options={}):
+def to_json(col, options=None):
     """
     Converts a column containing a :class:`StructType`, :class:`ArrayType` or a :class:`MapType`
     into a JSON string. Throws an exception, in the case of an unsupported type.
@@ -2564,7 +2566,7 @@ def to_json(col, options={}):
 
 
 @since(2.4)
-def schema_of_json(json, options={}):
+def schema_of_json(json, options=None):
     """
     Parses a JSON string and infers its schema in DDL format.
 
@@ -2594,7 +2596,7 @@ def schema_of_json(json, options={}):
 
 
 @since(3.0)
-def schema_of_csv(csv, options={}):
+def schema_of_csv(csv, options=None):
     """
     Parses a CSV string and infers its schema in DDL format.
 
@@ -2620,7 +2622,7 @@ def schema_of_csv(csv, options={}):
 
 
 @since(3.0)
-def to_csv(col, options={}):
+def to_csv(col, options=None):
     """
     Converts a column containing a :class:`StructType` into a CSV string.
     Throws an exception, in the case of an unsupported type.
@@ -2931,7 +2933,7 @@ def sequence(start, stop, step=None):
 
 
 @since(3.0)
-def from_csv(col, schema, options={}):
+def from_csv(col, schema, options=None):
     """
     Parses a column containing a CSV string to a row with the specified schema.
     Returns `null`, in the case of an unparseable string.