revert [SPARK-29680][SQL] Remove ALTER TABLE CHANGE COLUMN syntax

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Revert #26338 , as the syntax is actually the [hive style ALTER COLUMN](https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+DDL#LanguageManualDDL-ChangeColumnName/Type/Position/Comment).

This PR brings it back, and make it support multi-catalog:
1. renaming is not allowed as `AlterTableAlterColumnStatement` can't do renaming.
2. column name should be multi-part

### Why are the changes needed?

to not break hive compatibility.

### Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

no, as the removal was merged in 3.0.

### How was this patch tested?

new parser tests

Closes #27076 from cloud-fan/alter.

Authored-by: Wenchen Fan <wenchen@databricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Wenchen Fan <wenchen@databricks.com>

Author: cloud-fan

sql/catalyst/src/main/antlr4/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/parser/SqlBase.g4

@@ -161,6 +161,9 @@ statement
     | ALTER TABLE table=multipartIdentifier
         (ALTER | CHANGE) COLUMN? column=multipartIdentifier
         (TYPE dataType)? (COMMENT comment=STRING)? colPosition?        #alterTableColumn
+    | ALTER TABLE table=multipartIdentifier partitionSpec?
+        CHANGE COLUMN?
+        colName=multipartIdentifier colType colPosition?               #hiveChangeColumn
     | ALTER TABLE multipartIdentifier (partitionSpec)?
         SET SERDE STRING (WITH SERDEPROPERTIES tablePropertyList)?     #setTableSerDe
     | ALTER TABLE multipartIdentifier (partitionSpec)?

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/parser/AstBuilder.scala

@@ -2872,6 +2872,34 @@ class AstBuilder(conf: SQLConf) extends SqlBaseBaseVisitor[AnyRef] with Logging
       Option(ctx.colPosition).map(typedVisit[ColumnPosition]))
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Parse a [[AlterTableAlterColumnStatement]] command. This is Hive SQL syntax.
+   *
+   * For example:
+   * {{{
+   *   ALTER TABLE table [PARTITION partition_spec]
+   *   CHANGE [COLUMN] column_old_name column_new_name column_dataType [COMMENT column_comment]
+   *   [FIRST | AFTER column_name];
+   * }}}
+   */
+  override def visitHiveChangeColumn(ctx: HiveChangeColumnContext): LogicalPlan = withOrigin(ctx) {
+    if (ctx.partitionSpec != null) {
+      operationNotAllowed("ALTER TABLE table PARTITION partition_spec CHANGE COLUMN", ctx)
+    }
+    val columnNameParts = typedVisit[Seq[String]](ctx.colName)
+    if (!conf.resolver(columnNameParts.last, ctx.colType().colName.getText)) {
+      throw new AnalysisException("Renaming column is not supported in Hive-style ALTER COLUMN, " +
+        "please run RENAME COLUMN instead.")
+    }
+
+    AlterTableAlterColumnStatement(
+      typedVisit[Seq[String]](ctx.table),
+      columnNameParts,
+      Option(ctx.colType().dataType()).map(typedVisit[DataType]),
+      Option(ctx.colType().STRING()).map(string),
+      Option(ctx.colPosition).map(typedVisit[ColumnPosition]))
+  }
+
   /**
    * Parse a [[AlterTableDropColumnsStatement]] command.
    *

sql/catalyst/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/parser/DDLParserSuite.scala

@@ -664,6 +664,46 @@ class DDLParserSuite extends AnalysisTest {
     }
   }
 
+  test("alter table: hive style") {
+    val sql1 = "ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE COLUMN a.b.c c INT"
+    val sql2 = "ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE COLUMN a.b.c c INT COMMENT 'new_comment'"
+    val sql3 = "ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE COLUMN a.b.c c INT AFTER other_col"
+
+    comparePlans(
+      parsePlan(sql1),
+      AlterTableAlterColumnStatement(
+        Seq("table_name"),
+        Seq("a", "b", "c"),
+        Some(IntegerType),
+        None,
+        None))
+
+    comparePlans(
+      parsePlan(sql2),
+      AlterTableAlterColumnStatement(
+        Seq("table_name"),
+        Seq("a", "b", "c"),
+        Some(IntegerType),
+        Some("new_comment"),
+        None))
+
+    comparePlans(
+      parsePlan(sql3),
+      AlterTableAlterColumnStatement(
+        Seq("table_name"),
+        Seq("a", "b", "c"),
+        Some(IntegerType),
+        None,
+        Some(after("other_col"))))
+
+    // renaming column not supported in hive style ALTER COLUMN.
+    intercept("ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE COLUMN a.b.c new_name INT",
+      "please run RENAME COLUMN instead")
+
+    // ALTER COLUMN for a partition is not supported.
+    intercept("ALTER TABLE table_name PARTITION (a='1') CHANGE COLUMN a.b.c c INT")
+  }
+
   test("alter table/view: rename table/view") {
     comparePlans(
       parsePlan("ALTER TABLE a.b.c RENAME TO x.y.z"),