Add Strict projection (#539)

* Add Strict projection

* Update pyiceberg/expressions/visitors.py

Co-authored-by: Honah J. <undefined.newdb.newtable@gmail.com>

* Comments, thanks Honah!

---------

Co-authored-by: Honah J. <undefined.newdb.newtable@gmail.com>

Author: Fokko

pyiceberg/expressions/visitors.py

@@ -1433,6 +1433,30 @@ def visit_not_starts_with(self, term: BoundTerm[L], literal: Literal[L]) -> bool
         return ROWS_MIGHT_MATCH
 
 
+def strict_projection(
+    schema: Schema, spec: PartitionSpec, case_sensitive: bool = True
+) -> Callable[[BooleanExpression], BooleanExpression]:
+    return StrictProjection(schema, spec, case_sensitive).project
+
+
+class StrictProjection(ProjectionEvaluator):
+    def visit_bound_predicate(self, predicate: BoundPredicate[Any]) -> BooleanExpression:
+        parts = self.spec.fields_by_source_id(predicate.term.ref().field.field_id)
+
+        result: BooleanExpression = AlwaysFalse()
+        for part in parts:
+            # consider (ts > 2019-01-01T01:00:00) with day(ts) and hour(ts)
+            # projections: d >= 2019-01-02 and h >= 2019-01-01-02 (note the inclusive bounds).
+            # any timestamp where either projection predicate is true must match the original
+            # predicate. For example, ts = 2019-01-01T03:00:00 matches the hour projection but not
+            # the day, but does match the original predicate.
+            strict_projection = part.transform.strict_project(name=part.name, pred=predicate)
+            if strict_projection is not None:
+                result = Or(result, strict_projection)
+
+        return result
+
+
 class _StrictMetricsEvaluator(_MetricsEvaluator):
     struct: StructType
     expr: BooleanExpression

pyiceberg/transforms.py

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
     BoundLessThan,
     BoundLessThanOrEqual,
     BoundLiteralPredicate,
+    BoundNotEqualTo,
     BoundNotIn,
     BoundNotStartsWith,
     BoundPredicate,
@@ -43,8 +44,11 @@
     BoundTerm,
     BoundUnaryPredicate,
     EqualTo,
+    GreaterThan,
     GreaterThanOrEqual,
+    LessThan,
     LessThanOrEqual,
+    NotEqualTo,
     NotStartsWith,
     Reference,
     StartsWith,
@@ -144,6 +148,9 @@ def result_type(self, source: IcebergType) -> IcebergType: ...
     @abstractmethod
     def project(self, name: str, pred: BoundPredicate[L]) -> Optional[UnboundPredicate[Any]]: ...
 
+    @abstractmethod
+    def strict_project(self, name: str, pred: BoundPredicate[Any]) -> Optional[UnboundPredicate[Any]]: ...
+
     @property
     def preserves_order(self) -> bool:
         return False
@@ -216,6 +223,21 @@ def project(self, name: str, pred: BoundPredicate[L]) -> Optional[UnboundPredica
             #   For example, (x > 0) and (x < 3) can be turned into in({1, 2}) and projected.
             return None
 
+    def strict_project(self, name: str, pred: BoundPredicate[Any]) -> Optional[UnboundPredicate[Any]]:
+        transformer = self.transform(pred.term.ref().field.field_type)
+
+        if isinstance(pred.term, BoundTransform):
+            return _project_transform_predicate(self, name, pred)
+        elif isinstance(pred, BoundUnaryPredicate):
+            return pred.as_unbound(Reference(name))
+        elif isinstance(pred, BoundNotEqualTo):
+            return pred.as_unbound(Reference(name), _transform_literal(transformer, pred.literal))
+        elif isinstance(pred, BoundNotIn):
+            return pred.as_unbound(Reference(name), {_transform_literal(transformer, literal) for literal in pred.literals})
+        else:
+            # no strict projection for comparison or equality
+            return None
+
     def can_transform(self, source: IcebergType) -> bool:
         return isinstance(
             source,
@@ -306,6 +328,19 @@ def project(self, name: str, pred: BoundPredicate[L]) -> Optional[UnboundPredica
         else:
             return None
 
+    def strict_project(self, name: str, pred: BoundPredicate[Any]) -> Optional[UnboundPredicate[Any]]:
+        transformer = self.transform(pred.term.ref().field.field_type)
+        if isinstance(pred.term, BoundTransform):
+            return _project_transform_predicate(self, name, pred)
+        elif isinstance(pred, BoundUnaryPredicate):
+            return pred.as_unbound(Reference(name))
+        elif isinstance(pred, BoundLiteralPredicate):
+            return _truncate_number_strict(name, pred, transformer)
+        elif isinstance(pred, BoundNotIn):
+            return _set_apply_transform(name, pred, transformer)
+        else:
+            return None
+
     @property
     def dedup_name(self) -> str:
         return "time"
@@ -516,10 +551,20 @@ def project(self, name: str, pred: BoundPredicate[L]) -> Optional[UnboundPredica
             return pred.as_unbound(Reference(name))
         elif isinstance(pred, BoundLiteralPredicate):
             return pred.as_unbound(Reference(name), pred.literal)
-        elif isinstance(pred, (BoundIn, BoundNotIn)):
+        elif isinstance(pred, BoundSetPredicate):
+            return pred.as_unbound(Reference(name), pred.literals)
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def strict_project(self, name: str, pred: BoundPredicate[Any]) -> Optional[UnboundPredicate[Any]]:
+        if isinstance(pred, BoundUnaryPredicate):
+            return pred.as_unbound(Reference(name))
+        elif isinstance(pred, BoundLiteralPredicate):
+            return pred.as_unbound(Reference(name), pred.literal)
+        elif isinstance(pred, BoundSetPredicate):
             return pred.as_unbound(Reference(name), pred.literals)
         else:
-            raise ValueError(f"Could not project: {pred}")
+            return None
 
     @property
     def preserves_order(self) -> bool:
@@ -590,6 +635,47 @@ def project(self, name: str, pred: BoundPredicate[L]) -> Optional[UnboundPredica
                 return _truncate_array(name, pred, self.transform(field_type))
         return None
 
+    def strict_project(self, name: str, pred: BoundPredicate[Any]) -> Optional[UnboundPredicate[Any]]:
+        field_type = pred.term.ref().field.field_type
+
+        if isinstance(pred.term, BoundTransform):
+            return _project_transform_predicate(self, name, pred)
+
+        if isinstance(field_type, (IntegerType, LongType, DecimalType)):
+            if isinstance(pred, BoundUnaryPredicate):
+                return pred.as_unbound(Reference(name))
+            elif isinstance(pred, BoundLiteralPredicate):
+                return _truncate_number_strict(name, pred, self.transform(field_type))
+            elif isinstance(pred, BoundNotIn):
+                return _set_apply_transform(name, pred, self.transform(field_type))
+            else:
+                return None
+
+        if isinstance(pred, BoundLiteralPredicate):
+            if isinstance(pred, BoundStartsWith):
+                literal_width = len(pred.literal.value)
+                if literal_width < self.width:
+                    return pred.as_unbound(name, pred.literal.value)
+                elif literal_width == self.width:
+                    return EqualTo(name, pred.literal.value)
+                else:
+                    return None
+            elif isinstance(pred, BoundNotStartsWith):
+                literal_width = len(pred.literal.value)
+                if literal_width < self.width:
+                    return pred.as_unbound(name, pred.literal.value)
+                elif literal_width == self.width:
+                    return NotEqualTo(name, pred.literal.value)
+                else:
+                    return pred.as_unbound(name, self.transform(field_type)(pred.literal.value))
+            else:
+                # ProjectionUtil.truncateArrayStrict(name, pred, this);
+                return _truncate_array_strict(name, pred, self.transform(field_type))
+        elif isinstance(pred, BoundNotIn):
+            return _set_apply_transform(name, pred, self.transform(field_type))
+        else:
+            return None
+
     @property
     def width(self) -> int:
         return self._width
@@ -714,6 +800,9 @@ def result_type(self, source: IcebergType) -> StringType:
     def project(self, name: str, pred: BoundPredicate[L]) -> Optional[UnboundPredicate[Any]]:
         return None
 
+    def strict_project(self, name: str, pred: BoundPredicate[Any]) -> Optional[UnboundPredicate[Any]]:
+        return None
+
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         """Return the string representation of the UnknownTransform class."""
         return f"UnknownTransform(transform={repr(self._transform)})"
@@ -736,6 +825,9 @@ def result_type(self, source: IcebergType) -> IcebergType:
     def project(self, name: str, pred: BoundPredicate[L]) -> Optional[UnboundPredicate[Any]]:
         return None
 
+    def strict_project(self, name: str, pred: BoundPredicate[L]) -> Optional[UnboundPredicate[Any]]:
+        return None
+
     def to_human_string(self, _: IcebergType, value: Optional[S]) -> str:
         return "null"
 
@@ -766,6 +858,47 @@ def _truncate_number(
         return None
 
 
+def _truncate_number_strict(
+    name: str, pred: BoundLiteralPredicate[L], transform: Callable[[Optional[L]], Optional[L]]
+) -> Optional[UnboundPredicate[Any]]:
+    boundary = pred.literal
+
+    if not isinstance(boundary, (LongLiteral, DecimalLiteral, DateLiteral, TimestampLiteral)):
+        raise ValueError(f"Expected a numeric literal, got: {type(boundary)}")
+
+    if isinstance(pred, BoundLessThan):
+        return LessThan(Reference(name), _transform_literal(transform, boundary))
+    elif isinstance(pred, BoundLessThanOrEqual):
+        return LessThan(Reference(name), _transform_literal(transform, boundary.increment()))  # type: ignore
+    elif isinstance(pred, BoundGreaterThan):
+        return GreaterThan(Reference(name), _transform_literal(transform, boundary))
+    elif isinstance(pred, BoundGreaterThanOrEqual):
+        return GreaterThan(Reference(name), _transform_literal(transform, boundary.decrement()))  # type: ignore
+    elif isinstance(pred, BoundNotEqualTo):
+        return EqualTo(Reference(name), _transform_literal(transform, boundary))
+    elif isinstance(pred, BoundEqualTo):
+        # there is no predicate that guarantees equality because adjacent longs transform to the
+        # same value
+        return None
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+def _truncate_array_strict(
+    name: str, pred: BoundLiteralPredicate[L], transform: Callable[[Optional[L]], Optional[L]]
+) -> Optional[UnboundPredicate[Any]]:
+    boundary = pred.literal
+
+    if isinstance(pred, (BoundLessThan, BoundLessThanOrEqual)):
+        return LessThan(Reference(name), _transform_literal(transform, boundary))
+    elif isinstance(pred, (BoundGreaterThan, BoundGreaterThanOrEqual)):
+        return GreaterThan(Reference(name), _transform_literal(transform, boundary))
+    if isinstance(pred, BoundNotEqualTo):
+        return NotEqualTo(Reference(name), _transform_literal(transform, boundary))
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
 def _truncate_array(
     name: str, pred: BoundLiteralPredicate[L], transform: Callable[[Optional[L]], Optional[L]]
 ) -> Optional[UnboundPredicate[Any]]:
@@ -808,7 +941,8 @@ def _remove_transform(partition_name: str, pred: BoundPredicate[L]) -> UnboundPr
 def _set_apply_transform(name: str, pred: BoundSetPredicate[L], transform: Callable[[L], L]) -> UnboundPredicate[Any]:
     literals = pred.literals
     if isinstance(pred, BoundSetPredicate):
-        return pred.as_unbound(Reference(name), {_transform_literal(transform, literal) for literal in literals})
+        transformed_literals = {_transform_literal(transform, literal) for literal in literals}
+        return pred.as_unbound(Reference(name=name), literals=transformed_literals)
     else:
         raise ValueError(f"Unknown BoundSetPredicate: {pred}")
 

tests/conftest.py

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@
     NestedField,
     StringType,
     StructType,
+    UUIDType,
 )
 from pyiceberg.utils.datetime import datetime_to_millis
 
@@ -1928,6 +1929,16 @@ def bound_reference_str() -> BoundReference[str]:
     return BoundReference(field=NestedField(1, "field", StringType(), required=False), accessor=Accessor(position=0, inner=None))
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def bound_reference_binary() -> BoundReference[str]:
+    return BoundReference(field=NestedField(1, "field", BinaryType(), required=False), accessor=Accessor(position=0, inner=None))
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def bound_reference_uuid() -> BoundReference[str]:
+    return BoundReference(field=NestedField(1, "field", UUIDType(), required=False), accessor=Accessor(position=0, inner=None))
+
+
 @pytest.fixture(scope="session")
 def session_catalog() -> Catalog:
     return load_catalog(